GRE阅读高频题型主旨题和细节题实例解读

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GRE阅读高频题型主旨题和细节题实例解读

GRE阅读题题型介绍

GRE阅读题大体上分为主旨题和细节题两大类

主旨题型

主要指的是主旨题和态度题，问的是文章在说什么在表达什么，作者的态度是什么等这类的问题，针对这类问题，要求考生对全文有很好的把握，特别要注意一些起承转会的词语如however，but等。

细节题型

包括给定行数题、写作用意题、强对比互取非题、改进性取非题、Except/Not题、逻辑题、题、类比题等等，这类题型都需要的是对原文的定位，考生要快速的找出问题在文中的相应位置，然后解答有时需要加上一些逻辑是非题等。

通常情况下，主旨题是GRE阅读题中最常见的一种题型，每篇文章都会对此进行考查，因此，这是很重要的一种题型，掌握了这种题型的出题思路，拿分是很容易的事。

主旨题和态度题一般事相互的，在考查主旨题时，都会作者的一种态度问题，所以这里把这两中题型放在一起来介绍。主旨题涉及的内容也有很多类：有针对文章内容的;有针对文章结构的;也有对作者的写作手法的。

主旨题主要考点

总体来说，判断整篇文章的结构类型，Topic Sentence，Structural Elements及作者态度是做主旨题的基础。结构类型相同的文章，尽管内容不尽相同，但是主旨题的答案却有相当程度的可比性。如“全文论证一个观点型”，“新观点推翻旧观点型”文章等。

主旨题常见出题方式和实例分析

1.针对文章的内容大意(main idea及primary purpose)的提问

这是主旨题中最常见的一种提问方式，大约占主旨题出现率的70%左右。

常见的提问方式：

The primary purpose of the passage is to„„

The author is primarily concerned with „„

The passage focuses primarily on which of the following „„

下面以一篇短阅读为例子来说明：(18年4月阅读真题)

Because of its accuracy in outlining the Earth’s subsurface，the seismic-reflection method remains the most important tool in the search for petroleum reserves.In field practice，a subsurface is mapped by arranging a series of wave-train sources，such as small dynamite explosions，in a grid pattern.As each source is activated，it generates a wave train that moves downward at a speed determined uniquely by the rock’s elastic

characteristics.As rock interfaces are crossed，the elastic characteristics encountered generally change abruptly，which causes part of the energy to be reflected back to the surface，where it is recorded by seismic instruments.The seismic records must be processed to correct for positional differences between the source and the receiver，for unrelated wave trains，and for multiple reflections from the rock interfaces.Then the data acquired at each of the specific source locations are combined to generate a physical profile of the subsurface，which can eventually be used to select targets for drilling. The passage is primarily concerned with

(A) Describing an important technique

(B) Discussing a new method

(C) Investigating a controversial procedure

(D) Announcing a significant discovery

(E) Promoting a novel application

分析：

首先，可以确定本文属于结论说明型文章，首句即为这篇文章的topic sentence，“地震波反射仍为探测石油资源的最佳工具”。那么选项A “描述一项重要技术”，与之对应得最好，一般情况，选项中的答案肯定不是原文中的原句形式，而是原句的改写形式，中心意思并没有变化。

由于此类题和作者的态度有关，所以正确选项中有关态度的描述应该和作者在原文里的态度是完全一致的。有时，某选项虽然所说的主题词和原文的focus一样，但是如果态度描述不完全符合原文的意思，该选项也是不正确的。

2.针对文章结构型(organization)的提问

这类题型也是主旨题中较常见的一种提问角度，大约占主旨题的20%左右。答案往往是对文章的结构组织的概括，很多时候旧是与文章结构有关的Structural Elements的概括和直接改写形式。

3.其他主旨题

其他类型的主旨题出现频率相对较低，但是也相对容易些，可总结的规律较多。

以上就是关于GRE阅读主旨题解题技巧的介绍，通过结合实例进行的剖析，相信大家都能有所了解，希望大家熟练掌握这种题型的解题思路和技巧，提高阅读题的正确率和解题效率，祝大家都能取得好成绩。

新GRE阅读练习题

Joyce: Three years ago the traffic commission modified our town's busiest intersection for better visibility, a commendable effort to cut down on traffic accidents there.

Gary: Over the past three years there have been more, not fewer, traffic accidents per week at that intersection, so the modification has increased the likelihood of accidents there

The answer to which of the following questions would be most useful in evaluating Gary's argument?

(A) What proportion of the town's drivers involved in accidents that occurred prior to the modification suffered personal injury in their accidents?

(B) How long, on average, had the members of the traffic commission held their offices when the modification was implemented?

(C) Do a majority of the town's residents approve of the traffic commission's overall performance?

(D) What measures have nearby towns taken within the last three years in order to improve visibil-ity at dangerous intersections?

(E) How has the volume of traffic at the town's busiest intersection changed over the last three years?

答案：C

新GRE阅读练习题

Although spinach is rich in calcium, it also contains large amounts of oxalic acid, a substance that greatly impedes calcium absorption by the body. Therefore, other calcium-containing foods must be eaten either instead of or in addition to spinach if a person is to be sure of getting enough calcium.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argu-ment above?

(A)Rice, which does not contain calcium, counteracts the effects of oxalic acid on calcium absorption.

(B) Dairy products, which contain even more calcium than spinach does, are often eaten by people who eat spinach on a regularbasis.

(C) Neither the calcium nor the oxalic acid in spinach is destroyed when spinach is cooked.

(D) Many leafy green vegetables other than spinach that are rich in calcium also contain high concentrations of oxalic acid.

(E) Oxalic acid has little effect on the body's ability to absorb nutrients other than calcium.

答案：E

新GRE阅读练习题

Juries in criminal trials do not base verdicts on uncor-roborated testimony given by any one witness. Rightly so, because it is usually prudent to be highly skeptical of unsubstantiated claims made by any one person. But then, to be consistent, juries should end an all-too-common practice: convicting defendants on the basis of an uncorroborated full confession. Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument above?

(A) Juries often acquit in cases in which a defendant retracts a full confession made before trial.

(B) The process of jury selection is designed to screen out people who have a firm opinion about the defendant's guilt in advance of the trial.

(C) Defendants sometimes make full confessions when they did in fact do what they are accused of doing and have come to believe that the prose-cutor has compelling proof of this.

(D) Highly suggestible people who are accused of wrongdoing sometimes become so unsure of their own recollection of the past that they can come to accept the accusations made against them.

(E) Many people believe that juries should not con-vict defendants who have not made a full con-fession.

答案：E

新GRE阅读练习题

As government agencies, faced with budget difficul-ties, reduce their funding for scientific research, a greater amount of such research is being funded by private foundations. This shift means that research projects likely to produce controversial results will almost certainly comprise a smaller proportion of all funded research projects, since private foundations, concerned about their public image, tend to avoid controversy.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

(A) Only research that is conducted without concern for the possibility of generating controversy is likely to produce scientifically valid results.

(B) Private foundations that fund scientific research projects usually recognize that controversial results from those projects cannot always be avoided.

(C) Scientists who conduct research projects funded by private foundations are unlikely to allow the concerns of the funding organizations to influ-ence the manner in which they conduct the research.

(D) Many government agencies are more concerned about their public image than are most private foundations.

(E) Government agencies are more willing than are private foundations to fund research projects that are likely to produce controversial results.

答案：B

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