TOEFL老托福听力PartC原文汇总

But back to this piece. When Powers was modeling this bust, he asked the President, who was 68 years old at the time, if he wanted to be made to appear younger than that.

让我们回到这件作品上来。当Powers为这个半身像制作模型时，他问当时68岁的总统，他是否想(让他的雕像)被制作的显得(比实际年龄)年轻一些。

President Jackson replied that he didn't; so as you can see, he's shown here with wrinkles and lines of aging etched on his face.

Jackson总统回答他不想;因此，如你所见，他被满面沧桑的展现在这里。

Consequently, this bust is considered to be one of the most realistic portrayals of Andrew Jackson.

结果，这个半身雕像被认为是Andrew Jackson最现实的写照之一。

Powers traveled from his studio in Italy to the White House to do the original study for the bust.

Powers从他在意大利的工作室启程来到白宫，做这个半身雕像的原型习作。

He did the study in clay, but he sculpted the final statue from fine Italian marble, as you can see.

他用粘土做的习作，但他从上好的意大利大理石上雕刻最终的雕像。

I should add that the usual practice at the time was to get local artisans to do the actual carving of the marble.

我应该补充，那时的惯例是让当地的技工做真正的大理石雕刻。

Note that the President is draped in a Roman toga. This is because in the nineteenth century that was the customary attire for representations of heads of state and other important figures.

注意总统披着一件罗马宽外袍。这是因为在十九世纪，那是惯例服装，代表了国家元首和其他要人。

Powers kept the bust in his studio until after President Jackson's death, when it was sold to the Democratic Club in New York City.

Powers在他的工作室保留着这个半身像，直到Jackson总统去世时，那时它被卖给纽约市民主党俱乐部。

It was lent to us here at the Met in 1874 and twenty years later became part of our permanent collection.

它于1874年借给我们大都会，并且在二十年之后成为我们永久的收藏。

Now, if you'll step this way, we'll move on to the next piece.

现在，如果你往这边走，我们将转向下一个作品。

老托福听力PartC原文2

If you liked the colorful animals we just saw, you're going to love these next animals: frogs.

如果你喜欢我们刚刚见到的色彩斑斓的动物，你们将会喜欢这些接下来的动物：蛙类。

You might not normally think of frogs as being colorful, but these frogs definitely are.

你们可能通常不认为蛙类是色彩斑斓的，但是这些蛙类的确是的。

They are the dart-poison frogs of Central and South America.

它们是中部和南部美洲的箭毒蛙。

Look at their striking colors, often yellow with black stripes or deep blue with black spots.

看看它们醒目的颜色，通常是黄色带着黑色条纹或者深蓝色带着黑点。

Beyond being nice to look at, these markings have a purpose.

除了好看之外，这些斑纹还有一个目的。

They warn predators that these frogs are poisonous.

它们警告捕食者这些蛙类是有毒的。

When threatened, these frogs secrete a substance through their skin that would easily kill whatever animal might try to eat them.

当受到威胁时，这些蛙类通过它们的皮肤分泌一种物质，可以轻易的杀死可能试图要吃掉它们的任何动物。

Their bright colors communicate this, and so most animals tend not to hunt them.

它们明亮的颜色传递了这个(信息)，所以大部分动物不会去捕猎它们。

Now, speaking of hunting, for centuries these frogs were sought after by hunters.

好，说道捕猎，几个世纪以来，这些蛙类受到猎人们的需要。

As you might think, the hunters didn't want to eat the frogs, but rather, they captured them for their poison.

正如你所想的，猎人不是想吃这些蛙类，而是，他们捕获它们是为了它们的毒素。

They would add the poison to the tips of their hunting arrows.

他们会把毒素添加到他们打猎(用的)箭尖上。

Of course, nowadays most hunters use guns.

当然，现在大部分猎人用枪。

These days, dart-poison frogs are of less interest to hunters than to medical researchers.

目前，猎人比研究者对箭毒蛙的兴趣小。

Researchers believe that they can make new heart medicine from the poison, because it acts as a stimulant on the body's nervous system.

研究者相信他们能从毒素中制造新的心脏药物。

Researchers think they could use it to stimulate a weak heart.

研究者认为他们能使用它来刺激心脏衰竭。

There is, however, a problem with doing research on these frogs.

然而，在这些蛙类上做研究有一个问题。

Those that are caught in the wild will produce their poison until they die.

从自然环境中捕捉的那些(蛙)将产生毒素直至他们死去。

However, those that are born in captivity, like the ones you see here, will not produce any poison at all.

然而，那些出生在圈养(环境中的)，像你们看到的这些，将根本不会产生任何毒素。

老托福听力PartC原文3

Okay, as you look at this next exhibit, you'll notice something quite common—an ordinary bar of soap.

好的，当你们看下一个展览时，你将会注意到很平常的东西——普通的一块肥皂。

Now, soap has been around a long time.

现在，肥皂已经存在很长时间了。

In fact, the ancient Phoenicians produced soap as a substance for washing the body way back in 600 B.C.

事实上，古代腓尼基人早在公元前600年生产肥皂，作为洗身体的一种物质。

They made it by blending goat's fat with wood ash.

他们通过混合山羊脂肪和木灰来制作它。

The Phoenicians, as you may know, regularly traded along the Mediterranean, and they were the ones who introduced soap to the Greeks and Romans.

腓尼基人，像你可能知道的，沿着地中海经常性的贸易，他们就是把肥皂介绍给希腊人和罗马人的人。

Now, soap was not something welcomed by all countries.

好吧，肥皂并不是受到所有国家欢迎的事物。

In fact, during the superstitious Middle Ages, many people were afraid to bathe their whole body too frequently.

事实上，在迷信的中世纪期间，许多人害怕过于频繁地沐浴他们整个的身体。

They thought it could be dangerous for their health—that it could even kill them.

他们认为这能威胁到他们的健康——甚至能致他们于死地。

And even after the production of soap became common in some European countries in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, even then some people in the heart of Europe refused to use it.

即使在十一和十二世纪，肥皂的生产在一些欧洲国家变得普通之后，一些在欧洲中心的人依然拒绝使用它。

You'll find it interesting that when a duchess was given a box of soap as a present in 1549, she was so insulted that she had the gift-giver thrown off her estate!

你会发现很有趣(的一件事)，就是在1549年当一位公爵夫人被送了一盒肥皂当礼物时，她(觉得)如此地受到侮辱以至于她把送礼的人扔出了她的庄园。

But by the nineteenth century the attitude toward soap had changed drastically.

但是到了十九世纪，对肥皂的态度有了彻底地改变。

In some regions of Europe the tax on soap was so high that people secretly made their own.

在一些欧洲地区，肥皂的税如此之高以至于人们偷偷地自己制造。

A baron went so far as to suggest that the wealth of a nation could be judged according to the amount of soap it used.

一个男爵甚至建议一个国家的财富能够根据它使用的肥皂数量来评判。

Now, if you turn your attention to the next exhibit, you can see how soap is manufactured today.

好，如果你把注意力转到下个展览上，你能看到今天肥皂是如何制造的。

老托福听力PartC原文4

The winds of a tornado are the most violent and destructive ones on Earth.

龙卷风是地球上最猛烈和最具破坏性的风。

Any of you who have seen one knows very well how frightening and powerful they are.

任何看见过龙卷风的人都非常了解他们是多么令人恐惧和强大。

What's interesting about them is that scientists don't actually know exactly why tornadoes occur.

关于它们有意思的是科学家事实上并不确切地知道龙卷风为什么发生。

We do know, however, what happens when tornadoes are formed.

然而，我们的确知道，当龙卷风形成时发生了什么。

As you remember, a front occurs when cool, dry air from the north meets warm, humid air coming from the south, from the Gulf of Mexico, for tornadoes in the United States.

正如你们所记得的，当来自北方的凉爽干燥的空气遇到来自南方，来自墨西哥湾的温暖湿润的空气，会出现一个峰，形成在美国的龙卷风。

Where these air masses meet, a narrow zone of storm clouds develops, and thunderstorms, and sometimes tornadoes, occur.

在这些气团相遇的地方，一个狭窄的暴风雨云团地带形成了，还有雷暴，以及有时会发生龙卷风。

How is this violent weather produced?

这种猛烈的天气是如何产生的?

Well, a mass of warm, humid air rises very rapidly.

好，大量的暖湿空气上升非常快。

As it rises, more warm air rushes in to replace it.

当它上升时，更多的温暖空气冲进来顶替它。

This inrushing air also rises, and in some cases, especially when there is extreme thermal instability, begins to rotate.

这种冲进来的空气同样上升，在某种情况下，尤其当有极度的热不稳定性时，(空气)开始旋转了。

When this happens, the rotating air forms a tornado.

当这事儿发生时，旋转着的空气形成了龙卷风。

Even if you've seen tornadoes only in movies, you know that they can demolish buildings in seconds.

即使你只在电影里见过龙卷风，你(也会)知道它们能短时间内毁坏建筑物。

This is possible because when a tornado passes over a house, it sucks up air from around the house and so the air pressure outside the house drops rapidly.

这是可能的，因为当龙卷风经过一间房屋，它吸走了房子周围的空气，因此房屋外面的气压下降很快。

Inside, pressure remains the same.

在内部，气压保持原来(的水平)

So, air pressure inside is greater than air pressure outside.

所以，内部的气压高过于外部的气压

The result is that the building explodes outward.

结果是建筑物向外爆炸

Next, we'll talk a little bit about how new technological developments are being used to try to predict tornadoes.

接下来，我们将谈一点关于新的技术发展正在被应用于预测龙卷风。

老托福听力PartC原文5

You'll recall that in last week's class I talked about how the sound made by most animals, though sometimes complex, are different from human language.

你们要回想一下在上周的课上我讲过关于大多数动物是如何制造声音的。

Only in humans do these sounds represent objects and events.

只有人类制造的这些声音代表物体和事件。

Keep in mind that most animals can only repeat their limited utterances over and over again, while humans can say things that have never been said before.

记住大多数动物只能一遍又一遍的重复它们有限的表达，而人类能说出以前从未被说出的事物。

Today I want to focus on human language and how it developed.

今天我想集中在人类语言和它的发展上。

I doubt you'll be surprised when I say that the evolution of language was slow and laborious.

我恐怕当我说语言的演变是缓慢而费劲的时候你们会惊讶

There's some reliable evidence that language began with early humans a million and a half years ago.

有一些可靠的证据(表明)语言始于一百五十万年前的早期人类。

Through the study of the size and shape of brain fossils, scientists have determined that early human brains, like modern brains, had a left hemisphere slightly larger than the right hemisphere.

通过对大脑化石的尺寸和形状的研究，科学家已经断定早期人类的大脑，左半球比右半球稍微大些。

We know that in modern humans, the left hemisphere's the seat of language.

我们知道现代的人类，左半球是语言区

We also know that early human brains had a well-developed frontal section, known as Broca's area, which coordinates the muscles of the mouth and throat.

我们也知道早期人类的大脑有一个发达的额部，被称为布洛卡氏区，它协调嘴和喉咙的肌肉。

It's clear, then, that early humans had a speech apparatus.

那么，很明显，早期人类有发音器官。

They could produce any sound that we can.

他们能发出我们能发出的任何声音。

What we don't know is whether early humans used what they had.

我们不知道的是早期人类是否使用他们所拥有的。

Since scholars know virtually nothing about prehistoric speech patterns, all they can do is speculate about how language actually originated.

由于关于史前的语言模式学者们几乎一无所知，他们能做的只是推测语言实际上是如何起源的。

Let me give you a brief summary of some of these theories.

让我来给你其中一些理论的一个小结。