怎样利用关键词找到阅读答案
实例讲解--如何利用关键词找到阅读答案，今天小编给大家带来了如何利用关键词找到阅读答案,希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
【雅思开讲啦】实例讲解--如何利用关键词找到阅读答案
我们以一道真题为例，这是一道填空题，题目是：
Pasteur is famous for _____ a process to make milk and wine safe for consumption.
大家在做填空题的时候，首先要画出关键词，就是那些有着实际的意义并且可以用来定位的名词，接下来我把关键词都标红：
Pasteur is famous for _____ a process to make milk and wine safe for consumption.
然后我们到文中去找，利用人名Pasteur和milk and wine我们很容易找到了答案段落，原文如下：
Louis Pasteur was a French chemist and microbiologist who is remembered for his remarkable breakthroughs in understanding and preventing diseases. He is best known to the general public for inventing a method to stop milk and wine from causing sickness. This method came to be called pasteurization.
找到答案段落之后，大家要仔细地读每一句话，尤其是关键词所在的句子，然后我们又发现了和题干中关键词具有相同含义的词组，请看我标红的部分：
Louis Pasteur was a French chemist and microbiologist who is remembered for his remarkable breakthroughs in understanding and preventing diseases. He is best known to the general public for inventing a method to stop milk and wine from causing sickness. This method came to be called pasteurization.
所以，不难找出，此题答案就应该是inventing这个词。
现在总结一下，利用关键词找到答案的步骤就是，首先要画出题目中的关键词，然后去文中定位到答案段落，标出段落中与题目具有相同含义的关键词或词组，答案就显而易见了。
再给大家一个实用小贴士，就是大家平时练习的时候，一定要做出一个关键词表格，该表格应该包含题目中的词语和文章中的同义词，如下图所示：
Keyword table
Keywords in Questions
Similar words in the passage Pasteur
Pasteur
Milk and wine Milk and wine
Famous for Famous for
A process A process
Make safe for consumption
stop from causing sickness
雅思考试阅读难句分析：省略句
英国大文豪莎士比亚在他的名著《哈姆雷特》里写过这么一句名言：Brevity is the soul of wit.(言以简洁为贵。)写文章也好，说话也好，都要求生动活泼，简单明了，因此，“简洁”乃是一篇好文章的基本要求之一。 文章要做到简洁，省略法(Ellipsis)是必用的。 英语句子中的某些成分因上下文已提供了充分明确的信息而不必出现，或前面已出现的某些成分，为了避免不必要的重复，可以不再出现而不致引起误解或歧义，这种语言现象就叫作省略。例如：Glad to see you. 这是个简单句，主语I和谓语am可以省略。再如：London is on the Themes,and Paris on the Seine. 这是一个并列复合句，后半句省略了谓语动词is，因为前面已经出现过，后面不必重复。英译汉时，为了使译文明确达意，符合汉语习惯，要在正确理解原文的基础上，对原文中省略的部分或保留或补全，或对其进行灵活处理。 有人将英语句子中的省略现象归纳为21种，本章只涉及在英语阅读中常遇到的比较复杂的省略现象。 1. The transcription needs a certain amount of editing,as even if the computer can tell the difference between words of similar sounds such as write and right,it is still not yet able to do the work as well as an intelligent secretary. 第一层：The transcription 主 needs 谓 a certain amount of 定 editing,宾 as even if the computer can tell the difference between words of similar 状语从句 sounds such as write and right， it is still not yet able to do the work as well as an intelligent secretary. 第二层：(状语从句)as 引 even if the computer can tell the difference between words of similar sounds such as write and right,状语从句1 it 主 is 系 still not yet 状 able 表 to do the work 宾 as well as an inte- lligent secretary . 状语从句2 第三层：(状语从句1)even if 引 the computer 主 can tell 谓 the difference 宾 between words of similar sounds 定 such as write and right 同位语 (状语从句2)as well as 引 an intelligent secretary 主 要点 本句中as引导原因状语从句，其中该句还带有一个由even if引导的让步状语从句;介词短语between words of similar sounds修饰difference，such as write and right修饰words，as well as……为同等比较状语从句，其中省略了与主句相同的部分。intelligent：有才智的;理解力强的。 译文 译稿需要一定量的编辑工作，因为，即使计算机能够区别同音异义词，如 write和right，它仍不可能把这项工作做得像有思维能力的秘书那样好。 2. If a needle is thrown at random on a sheet of paper ruled with lines whose distance apart is exactly equal to the length of the needle,how often can it be expected to fall on a line and how often into a blank space? 第一层：If a needle is thrown at random on a sheet of paper ruled with lines whose distance apart is exactly equal to the len- 状语从句 gth of the needle,how often 状 can 谓 it 主 be expected 谓 to fall on a line 宾 and 连 how often 状 into a blank space?状 第二层：(状语从句)If 引 a needle 主 is 系 thrown 表 at random 状 on a sheet of paper 状 ruled with lines 定 whose distance apart is exactly equal to the length of the needle 定语从句 第三层：(定语从句)whose 引 distance apart 主 is 系 exactly 状 equal 表 to the length of the needle 宾 要点 这是复合句。在if引导的状语从句中，ruled with lines 是过去分词，作paper 的定语，whose……needle 是 lines 的定语从句，whose distance apart 的意思是“它们之间的间隔”。主句中and 后面是个省略句，省去了 can it be expected to fall.翻译时可将英文的被动语态译成汉语的主动语态。length：长度。rule paper with lines：在纸上划平行线。 译文 如果把一根针随机地投到一张纸上，纸上画了许多平行线，它们之间的间隔等于针的长度，那么针落在线上的几率是多少?落在空白处的几率又是多少? 3. All that a man has to say or do that can possibly concern mankind,is in some shape or other to tell the story of his love - to sing,and if he is fortunate and keeps alive,he will be forever in love. 要点 本句是由and连接在一起的并列句。前一个分句的主干是All……is……to tell the story…… - to sing. all后面有两个that引导的定语从句，第一个that从句修饰all，第二个that指代其前的that从句，翻译时可表条件。to sing放在破折号之后，用以加强语气，其后可视为省略了宾语the story of his love,to tell和to sing是并列关系。 译文 一个人应该说的或做的，只要关系到人类，那么都是以这样或那样的形式来讲述乃至讴歌自己的爱的故事;而且，如果他是幸运的、有活力的，他将永远是充满爱的。 4. As families move away from their stable community,their friends of many years,their extended family relationships,the informal flow of information is cut off,and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. 要点 本句位并列句，前一个分句带一个As引导的状语从句，状语从句中 move away from 后为并列平行结构their ……，their……，their…… 在and后的分句中， the confidence 省略了is cut off，it指的是信息被切断的情况。 译文 随着家庭成员与他们稳定的社区、多年的老友和大家庭的亲属关系相分离，非正式的信息渠道被切断了，而那种在需要时就能得到真实可靠信息的信心也丢失了。 5. And by the help of further reasoning,which if drawn out would have been exhibited in two or three other syllogism,you arrive at your final determination,I will not have that apple. 要点 这是复合句。主句是you arrive at your final determination.by the help of …… 是介词短语作状语，which引导的定语从句修饰reasoning.if drawn out 是省略句，用作表示条件的状语从句，完整的句子是if the reasoning can be drawn out.翻译时采用顺序法，定语从句采用分句法。syllogism：三段论;演绎推理。 译文 借助于进一步的推理，这种推理如果加以引申，还可表现为其他两三种演绎推理，你便会做出最终决定：“我不吃那个苹果了。” 6. It is quite unnerving not to be able to see or to establish contact with the other person,even though we have learnt to have conversations with people we cannot see,as on the telephone. 要点 这是复合句。主句中 it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语not to be able to see or to establish contact with the other person.在状语从句中as是连词，意思是“正如…一样”，as 后面省去了we have conversations.翻译时采用逆序法，把even though引导的让步状语从句放到句首。unnerving：使人不知所措;使人失去自信。 译文 即使我们适应了像打一样在互相看不见的情况下谈话，这种看不见或接触不到对方的谈话也会使人感到很不自在。 7. Actually we know of no type of astronomical body in which the conditions can be favorable to life except planets like our own revolving round a sun. 要点 这是复合句。in which引导定语从句，修饰astronomical body.介词except引起的短语作状语。在介词短语like our own后面省略了planet.revolving为现在分词短语作定语，修饰our own planet.翻译时根据汉语习惯，将状语提前译出。 译文 事实上，除了像地球这样围绕太阳旋转的行星以外，我们不知道是否在其他类型的天体上也有适合生命存在的条件。 8. The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers. 要点 这是主从复合句。其主句的谓语动词是had less to do with…… than……，意为“主要与…有关，而不是与…有关”，因为句子结构比较清晰，省略了句子的并列部分，如在had less to do with the mechanization of housework and (with)an increase in leisure time省略了with;在……than it did with their own economic necessity and ( it did )with high marriage rates省略了it did.句中that引导的定语从句修饰high marriage rates.翻译时采用融合法，把重要的部分放在句首。 译文 20世纪已婚女性走出家门参加工作人数的增加主要是因为她们自己的经济需要，还与高结婚率使可参加工作的单身女工人数减少有关，而与家务机械化、妇女空闲时间增多关系不大。 9. The European Union is an imperfect creature,with some of its actions based on fine principles of political economy and some on poor ones. 要点 这是简单句。句中with some of its actions based on fine principles是独立主格结构，作状语。因为与前一部分结构相同，句子后一部分省略了(with)some (of its actions based)on poor ones括号中的词。翻译时采用顺序法，对省略部分也要进行相应省略，以使句子表达简洁。 译文 欧盟是不完善的机构，它的一些举措是基于正确的政治经济原则之上的，而另一些却远非如此。 10. To Americans,being on one's own suggests that one is a fully independent and functioning part of the whole capable and willing to make choices. 要点 这是复合句，that引导宾语从句，其中capable and willing to make choices可以被看作宾语从句中的并列表语(其前省略了is)。翻译时采用顺序法。 译文 对美国人而言，依靠自己的力量就是指这个人作为整体的一部分是完全独立并能起作用的，他有能力也愿意做出选择。
雅思考试阅读难句分析：平行并列结构
1.Everyone should know where the nearest fire alarm box is located and where exits, fire escapes, and fire doors are.
2.The way space is used to enable the individual to achieve privacy, to build homes or to design cities is culturally influenced.
3. I wanted her to know that my heart was with her, and that I thought England owed her a great debt and was going to miss her.
4.Keeping your head, instead of crowding and pushing to get to an exit, may make the difference between life and death when fire breaks out.
5.Neither friends nor family can convince phobic people that most animals are harmless, that thousands of travelers fly safely everyday, and millions of people ride safely in elevators several times each day.
6.Millions of people travel about the country by rail, by bus, or by automobile, or drive to and from their places of work and their homes.
7.Here we have a little child, without knowledge or experience; there a grown-up person with fully developed mental powers.
8. There are relay races in running and swimming in summer, and relay in skiing in winter.
9.But we remember with far greater pain that we did not see that beauty when it flowered, that we failed to respond with love when it was tendered.
10.This is not an easy lesson to learn, especially when we are young and think that the world is ours to command, that whatever we desire with the full force of our passionate being can be ours.
11.More than three million people live in inner London, and nearly five million people live in the surrounding suburban area, which is made up of formerly separate villages that have merged to form what is now called outer London.
12.The journey and the stay are by definition outside the normal places of residence and work, and are of short-term and temporary nature, and there is a clear intention to return home within a relatively short period of time.
13.The limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.
14.We have tried to isolate some of the key factors that govern service quality, and offer examples of organizations that manage service well and of some that manage it poorly.
15.Human beings have distinguished themselves from other animals, and in doing so ensured their survival, by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to adapt to that environment or to control and adapt it to their own needs.
本期难句分析：
1.Everyone should know where the nearest fire alarm box is located and where exits, fire escapes, and fire doors are.
结构：本句有三个谓语动词，其中主句的谓语动词为should know，其余两个都是由where引导的并列宾语从句。本句可以拆分为：
1) Everyone should know.
2) Where the nearest fire alarm box is located.
3) Where exits, fire escapes, and fire doors are.
翻译：每个人都应该知道最近的火灾报警箱的位置，以及安全出口、安全梯及防火门位于何处。
2.The way space is used to enable the individual to achieve privacy, to build homes or to design cities is culturally influenced.
结构：本句有2个谓语动词，其中第二个is influenced是主句的谓语动词，主干是The way is culturally influenced。第一个is used是定语从句的谓语动词，但是该定语从句省略了引导词。定语从句中三个并列的不定式短语动词to achieve privacy, to build homes or to design cities共同作为is used的目的状语。本句可以拆分为：
1) The way is culturally influenced.
2) Space is used to enable the individual to achieve privacy, to build homes or to design cities.
翻译：怎样利用空间来获得个人隐私、建造家园以及设计城市都会受到文化的影响。
3. I wanted her to know that my heart was with her, and that I thought England owed her a great debt and was going to miss her.
结构：本句有5个谓语动词，其中主句的谓语动词为wanted。was和thought分别属于两个由that引导的并列宾语从句。而owed和was going为两个并列的谓语动词，共同主语为England。England这句话前面为了避免重复而省略了宾语从句的引导词that，实际上是thought的宾语从句。本句可以拆分为：
1) I wanted her to know.
2) That my heart was with her.
3) That I thought.
4) (That) England owed her a great debt and was going to miss her.
翻译：我想让她知道我的心陪伴着她，而且我认为英国欠了她一大笔债，很快就会想念她。
#P#
4.Keeping your head, (instead of crowding and pushing to get to an exit), may make the difference between life and death whenfire breaks out.
结构：本句有两个谓语动词，其中主句的谓语动词为may make，其主语是动名词短语keeping your head。breaks out是when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词。插入语(instead of…)中的crowding和pushing两个动名词是平行并列结构。本句可以拆分为：
1) Keeping your head may make the difference between life and death.
2) When fire breaks out.
翻译：当发生火灾时，保持头脑冷静，而不是向安全出口拥堵，能够带来生与死的不同结果。
5.Neither friends nor family can convince phobic people that most animals are harmless, that thousands of travelers fly safely everyday, and millions of people ride safely in elevators several times each day.
结构：本句有4个谓语动词，其中主句的谓语动词为can convince，其主语为Neither friends nor family。其余三个谓语动词全是convince的宾语从句的谓语动词，其中最后一个从句前面省略了that。拆分为：
1) Neither friends nor family can convince phobic people.
2) That most animals are harmless.
3) That thousands of travelers fly safely everyday.
4) (That) millions of people ride … each day.
翻译：朋友及家庭成员都无法说服恐惧症患者，使其相信大多数动物都无害，无数旅行者每天安全地飞行，上百万人每天都多次安全地乘坐电梯。
6.Millions of people travel about the country by rail, by bus, or by automobile, or drive to and from their places of work and their homes.
结构：本句有2个谓语动词，都是并列的主句谓语动词。三个并列的by…, by…, by…作为travel的方式状语。本句可以拆分为：
1) Millions of people travel about the country by rail, by bus, or by automobile.
2) Millions of people drive to and from their places of work and their homes.
翻译：上百万人乘坐火车、公交车或者小汽车在周游全国，或者开车往返于工作地点和家庭处所之间。
#P#
7.Here we have a little child, without knowledge or experience; there a grown-up person with fully developed mental powers.
结构：本句只有一个谓语动词have。here…there属于平行并列结构，表示两个事物的对比状态，相当于the one …, the other …。
翻译：一方是一个没有任何知识或者经验的小孩，另一方是一个有着健全发展的智力的成年人。
8. There are relay races in running and swimming in summer, and relay in skiing in winter.
结构：本句只有一个there be句型。relay races和relay并列作为主语。本句可以拆分为：
1) There are relay races in running … in summer.
2) There are relay in skiing in winter.
翻译：夏季有赛跑和游泳赛接力赛，冬季有滑雪比赛。
9.But we remember (with far greater pain) that we did not see that beauty when it flowered, that we failed to respond with lovewhen it was tendered.
结构：本句有5个谓语动词，其中remember是主句的谓语动词，被(with far greater pain)分隔了两个并列的宾语从句that we did not see…和that we failed to…。本句可以拆分为：
1) But we remember with far greater pain.
2) That we did not see that beauty.
3) When it flowered.
4) That we failed to respond with love.
5) When it was tendered.
翻译：但是我们更加痛苦地回忆着，当花儿开放时我们没有看到她的美丽，在别人给予我们爱的时候也没有用爱来做出回报。
#P#
10.This is not an easy lesson to learn, especially when we are young and think that the world is ours to command, thatwhatever we desire (with the full force of our passionate being) can be ours.
结构：本句有6个谓语动词，其中主句的谓语动词为is。think后面有两个并列的由that引导的宾语从句，而第二个宾语从句里面有一个由whatever引导的主语从句。(with the full force of our passionate being)分隔了主语从句和其谓语can be。being是动名词。本句可以拆分为：
1) This is not an easy lesson to learn.
2) Especially when we are young and think.
3) That the world is ours to command.
4) That whatever we desire can be ours.
翻译：这不是容易学会的一课，尤其是当我们还年轻，认为这个世界是由我们掌控，而且认为无论我们渴望得到什么，只要充满激情、全力以赴，就能实现。
11.More than three million people live in inner London, and nearly five million people live in the surrounding suburban area,which is made up of formerly separate villages that have merged to form what is now called outer London.
结构：本句有5个谓语动词，其中主句的谓语动词为两个并列的live。which引导非限定性定语从句修suburban area;that引导定语从句修饰villages，而what引导form的宾语从句。可以拆分为：
1) More than … people live in inner London.
2) And nearly five million people live in …area.
3) The area is made up of … villages.
4) The villages have merged to form.
5) What is now called outer London.
翻译：三百多万人住在伦敦市区，将近五百多万人住在周边郊区——该地区由以前分散的村庄组成，后来逐渐合并形成今天所谓的外部伦敦。
12.The journey and the stay are (by definition) outside the normal places of residence and work and are of short-term and temporary nature, and there is a clear intention to return home within a relatively short period of time.
结构：本句有三个并列的主句谓语动词。两个are的共同主语是the journey and the stay。(by definition)分割了are和表语outside the normal places。nature在这里表示“本质、性质”的意思。本句可以拆分为：
1) The journey and the stay are outside the normal places of residence and work.
2) The journey and the stay are of short-term and temporary nature.
3) There is a clear intention to return home …
翻译：(旅游中的)旅程和停留从定义上讲是在通常的居住和工作处所之外的，而且有一种短暂的性质。在短期之内，还要有一个明确的回家的意图。
#P#
13.The limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.
结构：本句有3个谓语动词，其中第二个are focused是主句的谓语动词。rather than意思是“而非”，其前后并列两个on引导的介词短语。拆分为：
1) The limited investments are … focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills.
2) The investments are made in training workers.
3) The skills make it possible to absorb new technologies.
翻译：用于培训工人的有限投资也被集中用在训练完成下一个工作的必要技能上，而非用在可以吸收新技术的基本技能培训上。
14.We have tried to isolate some of the key factors that govern service quality, and offer examples of organizations that manageservice well and of some that manage it poorly.
结构：本句有4个谓语动词，其中主句的谓语动词为have tried，不定式to后面并列两个动词isolate和offer。两个of并列作为examples的后置定语。of some指代的是of some organizations。本句可以拆分为：
1) We have tried to isolate some of the key factors. and offer examples of organizations and of some.
2) Factors govern service quality.
3) Organizations manage service well.
4) Organizations manage it poorly.
翻译：我们力图挑选出一些控制服务质量的关键因素，并且提供一些例子来说明某些机构把服务管理得很好，而有些却很差。
15. Human beings have distinguished themselves from other animals, and in doing so ensured their survival, by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to adapt to that environment or to control and adapt it to their own needs.
结构：本句只有2个谓语动词have distinguished和have ensured。主干是Human beings have distinguished themselves … and … ensured their survival。by引导的方式状语后面并列了多个动词不定式to observe and understand…/to adapt to…/to control and adapt it to…，作为ability的修饰成分。
翻译：人类已经将自己与其他动物区分开来，并且通过这样做来确保自己的生存，所依靠的就是通过观察和理解周围的环境，然后适应，控制并且改造该环境，使其适合自己需要的能力。
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