如何通过精读提高雅思阅读分数

Many studies have shown that children harbor misconceptions about 'pure' curriculum science.These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted,

but organized, conceptual framework,making it and the

component ideas,some of which are erroneous, more robust

but also accessible to modification.

如果你不认识这一段中的multifaceted一词，那么我们可以联系上下文猜测它的意思，我们看到前面提到这些误解不是isolated ，再通过but这个转折，可以判断multifaceted应该是与isolated (单独的)相反的意思，并且multi-是一个前缀，表示 “多”的意思，所以可以猜出multifaceted是“多层面”的意思。

然而，并不是每个生词都需要记住：

如果因为不认识某个词就看不懂这句话，那一定要查并记住这个词;

如果一个生词并不影响你理解这句话，那就根据时间安排选择是否识别记忆这个词，不需要死记硬背。

2.中国考鸭习惯记生词只记其对应的中文意思，但如果你想真正地掌握这个词，就应该掌握它的具体用法包括搭配，尤其是动词，从而将来能灵活运用到写作中去。

3.除了记生词外，我们还要积累文中出现的同义词。同义替换是雅思阅读的考察重点和出题点，另外大家也可以借鉴到雅思写作中去，别忘了词语多样性是写作评分标准之一哦!

4.在精读几篇同类文章后，如生物类文章，将其中学科核心词汇整理到一起，以后再遇到生物类的文章，就能够快速读懂。

句子：雅思阅读中存在很多长难句，许多烤鸭经常是云里雾里，搞不清楚句子中谁是什么成分、谁在修饰谁，分分钟被绕晕。

但对于长难句，我们不需要抽丝剥茧，只需要简单粗暴地抓主干，切割主谓宾，即搞清楚：谁，做了什么。在三个成分中，谓语最好找，一般就是动词词组构成。

篇章：这是玩套路的Part!

我们要从宏观角度弄清文章段落逻辑，这个文章怎么就长成这个样子?

搞清楚每个段落的大意及主题句，文章段落间的逻辑关系(划出逻辑标志词)，文章整体结构是如何展开的，通过分析，你就会发现雅思阅读文章“套路”满满!

套路一：读头读尾，找出每段中心句!

以剑4,Test1,Passage1为例：

Many studies have shown that children harbor misconceptions about'pure' curriculum science. These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organized, conceptual framework, making it and the component ideas,some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to modification. These ideas may be developed by children absorbing ideas through the popular media. Sometimes this information may be erroneous. It seems schools may not be providing an opportunity for children to re-express their ideas and so have them tested and refined by teachers and their peers.

这一段的首句为主题句，下面的内容是具体展开的阐述。

套路二：雅思阅读一身学术范儿，文章也是有模板!

雅思阅读的学术性特点限制着文章结构必须符合一定的学术规范，所以文章层次结构相对固定。

根据剑桥真题系列，学术类阅读大致可分为两类：说明文和议论文。该表格对雅思阅读两种类型的文章结构做了简单分析(大家参考一下)：

我们以说明文为例，开头段一般是引出主题介绍现象、概念或陈述事实，所以多用叙述描写性语言;主体段对事物细节展开描述，各种话题可通过三种不同方式展开，包括时间顺序、并列或递进(从各个侧面来介绍)、逻辑发展顺序，最后结尾段说明问题接下来会怎么发展，进行总结。

掌握这两个套路，我们就能抓住每段的主旨，了解文章的段落布局，那么在解决雅思两大超难题型---list of headings和段落信息匹配就能较快地定位到答案处。

题目：一切不以做对题拿到分为目的的精读都是耍流氓!所以对于题目的精读是重中之重!

细读题目具体操作：

1.看清题目要求

如遇到判断题，考生要看清题目要求答案需要写的是true or false or not given还是yes or no or not given，如果该写TF却写成Yes或No,是会扣分的。

2.读懂题干指示

有的题目已经明确给出答案所在的范围或者相关提示语和关键词，所以大家要根据题干指示，快速地定位到文中答案处。

3.总结同义替换

将题目中的词汇与在文章中所对应的替换点全部找出来，并记在笔记本上，不断积累复习。

但你也不要忘了

雅思阅读注意事项

1.靠多刷题来提高阅读不如踏下心来好好精读分析剑桥真题，要善于总结，总结段落大意、文章结构的开展、答案出现的地方等。

2.真正的雅思考试中需要你快速地处理问题，所以在平时阅读练习中要快慢结合，详略得当，略读和扫读(skimming & scanning)以及精读配合使用，快准狠地找到关键信息。

3.一味地死背单词是没用的，对于生词要灵活掌握，因为阅读中的题目往往是文章内容的同义替换，并不是个别词的明显对应，所以你不仅要掌握一个生词的同义词，还要掌握同类词和相似表达等。

4、词法知识基本功要扎实，断句划分句子结构是需要掌握一定词法知识的，否则在读到复杂的句子抓主干时就会很吃力，想提高填空题正确率也更困难。

雅思阅读每日一练：科技和教育引领终身学习

It is easy to say that people need to keep learning throughout their careers. The practicalities are daunting

WHEN education fails to keep pace with technology, the result is inequality. Without the skills to stay useful as innovations arrive, workers suffer—and if enough of them fall behind, society starts to fall apart. That fundamental insight seized reformers in the Industrial revolution, heralding state-funded universal schooling. Later, automation in factories and offices called forth a surge in college graduates. The combination of education and innovation, spread over decades, led to a remarkable flowering of prosperity.

当教育跟不上技术进步时，就会造成不平等。在创新到来之际，工人如果没有技能使自己对雇主仍然“有用”，他们就会遭殃。而如果落后的工人太多，社会就开始崩塌。这一根本性的洞见极大影响了工业革命时期的改革者，推动了国家资助全民教育的普及。后来，工厂和办公室自动化又引发了大学生人数猛增。教育和创新相辅相成，历经数十年，令繁荣之花耀眼绽放。

雅思阅读高频词汇：

keep pace with 跟上

innovations 创新

fall behind 落后

Industrial Revolution 工业革命

surge 飙升

prosperity 繁荣

Today robotics and artificial intelligence call for another education revolution. This time, however, working lives are so lengthy and so fast-changing that simply cramming more schooling in at the start is not enough. People must also be able to acquire new skills throughout their careers.

Unfortunately, as our special report in this issue sets out, the lifelong learning that exists today mainly benefits high achievers—and is therefore more likely to exacerbate inequality than diminish it. If 21st-century economies are not to create a massive underclass, policymakers urgently need to work out how to help all their citizens learn while they earn. So far, their ambition has fallen pitifully short.

今天，机器人和人工智能呼唤又一场教育革命。而这一次，工作生涯如此漫长而又变化迅速，只在人生初期强加更多教育已经不足以应付。人们还必须能在整个职业生涯中获取新技能。

不幸的是，正如我们本期特别报道所述，目前的终身学习主要是令成功人士受益，因此更可能加剧而非减轻不平等。如果21世纪的经济体不想要产生一个庞大的底层阶级，政策制定者亟需制定措施，帮助国民在谋生的同时学习。而迄今为止，他们的抱负还小得可怜。

雅思阅读高频词汇：

artificial intelligence 人工智能

underclass 下层阶级

policymaker 政策制定者

Machines or learning 机器或学习

The classic model of education—a burst at the start and top-ups through company training—is breaking down. One reason is the need for new, and constantly updated, skills. Manufacturing increasingly calls for brain work rather than metal-bashing. The share of the American workforce employed in routine office jobs declined from 25.5% to 21% between 1996 and 2015. The single, stable career has gone the way of the Rolodex.

Pushing people into ever-higher levels of formal education at the start of their lives is not the way to cope. Just 16% of Americans think that a four-year college degree prepares students very well for a good job. Although a vocational education promises that vital first hire, those with specialised training tend to withdraw from the labor force earlier than those with general education—perhaps because they are less adaptable.

机器还是学习

在青少年时强化学习，之后通过公司培训加以补充，这种传统的教育模式正在失效。原因之一是需要新的技能，而且还要不断更新。制造业越来越多地需要脑力而非蛮力。从1996年到2015年，常规办公职位在美国劳动力中所占的比例从25.5%下降到21%。单一稳定的职业生涯已经像旋转式名片夹一样一去不返了。

在人生初期让人们接受更高程度的正规教育并非解决之道。仅有16%的美国人认为四年的大学教育足以让学生找到一份好工作。尽管职业教育能确保找到至关重要的第一份工作，但接受专门培训的人往往比接受普通教育的人更早退出劳动大军，可能是因为前者适应性较弱。

雅思阅读高频词汇：

top-ups 充值

brain work 大脑的工作

withdraw 撤回

general education 通识教育

At the same time on-the-job training is shrinking. In America and Britain it has fallen by roughly half in the past two decades. Self-employment is spreading, leaving more people to take responsibility for their own skills. Taking time out later in life to pursue a formal qualification is an option, but it costs money and most colleges are geared towards youngsters.

The market is innovating to enable workers to learn and earn in new ways. Providers from General Assembly to Pluralsight are building businesses on the promise of boosting and rebooting careers. Massive open online courses (MOOCs) have veered away from lectures on Plato or black holes in favor of courses that make their students more employable. At Udacity and Coursera self-improvers pay for cheap, short programs that bestow “microcredentials” and “nanodegrees” in, say, self-driving cars or the Android operating system. By offering degrees online, universities are making it easier for professionals to burnish their skills. A single master’s program from Georgia Tech could expand the annual output of computer-science master’s degrees in America by close to 10%.

Such efforts demonstrate how to interleave careers and learning. But left to its own devices, this nascent market will mainly serve those who already have advantages. It is easier to learn later in life if you enjoyed the classroom first time around: about 80% of the learners on Coursera already have degrees. Online learning requires some IT literacy, yet one in four adults in the OECD has no or limited experience of computers. Skills atrophy unless they are used, but many low-end jobs give workers little chance to practise them.

与此同时，在职培训也在萎缩。在美国和英国，在职培训在过去20年里下降了大概一半。自雇人群正在增多，令更多的人要为自己的技能负责。在年纪较大的时候抽出时间获得一个正规的资质是一种选择，但要投入成本，而且大多数院校是针对年轻人开设的。

市场正在创新以让工人能够有新的方法学习和赚钱。从General Assembly到Pluralsight，各类供应商纷纷以推动和重启职业生涯的承诺开创业务。大规模开放式在线课程(MOOC)不再讲授柏拉图或黑洞，而向帮助学生就业的课程倾斜。在优达学城(Udacity)和Coursera，进修者付费学习低价的短期课程，获得如自动驾驶汽车或安卓操作系统方面的“微证书”和“纳米学位”。

这些革新显示了如何交织工作和学习。但是，如果任其自行发展，这一新生市场将会主要服务那些已经具备优势的人。如果你在年轻时就享受课堂学习，那么日后学习起来也会更容易：在Coursera，大约80%的学生已经拥有学位。在线学习需要一些IT知识，而在经合组织国家里，四分之一的成年人没有或只有很少的计算机经验。技能不用则退，但在很多低端工作中，工人基本没有机会实践技能。

雅思阅读高频词汇：

geare 齿轮

boosting 提高

bestow 给

burnish 光泽

demonstrate 演示

Shampoo technician wanted

If new ways of learning are to help those who need them most, policymakers should be aiming for something far more radical. Because education is a public good whose benefits spill over to all of society, governments have a vital role to play—not just by spending more, but also by spending wisely.

Lifelong learning starts at school. As a rule, education should not be narrowly vocational. The curriculum needs to teach children how to study and think. A focus on “metacognition” will make them better at picking up skills later in life.

But the biggest change is to make adult learning routinely accessible to all. One way is for citizens to receive vouchers that they can use to pay for training. Singapore has such “individual learning accounts”; it has given money to everyone over 25 to spend on any of 500 approved courses. So far each citizen has only a few hundred dollars, but it is early days.

招募洗发师

如果新的学习方式是要帮助那些最需要帮助的人，那么政策制定者应该寻求远为根本性的举措。因为教育是一种公益事业，其益处会延及整个社会，各国政府要发挥重要作用——不仅要增加投入，还得把钱花得明智。

终身学习始于学校。一般来说，教育不应该有狭隘的职业性。学生需要从课程中学会如何学习和思考。注重“元认知”将帮助学生日后更好地学习技能。

但最大的改变是让所有人都能常态化地进行成人学习。一个方法是向国民发放抵用券，可用于支付培训费用。新加坡就有这样的“个人学习账户”。该国向所有25岁以上的国民提供资金，可用来选择学习500种经认可的课程。到目前为止，每个国民只领取了几百美元，但这才刚刚开始。

Courses paid for by taxpayers risk being wasteful. But industry can help by steering people towards the skills it wants and by working with MOOCs and colleges to design courses that are relevant. Companies can also encourage their staff to learn. AT&T, a telecoms firm which wants to equip its workforce with digital skills, spends $30m a year on reimbursing employees’ tuition costs. Trade unions can play a useful role as organizers of lifelong learning, particularly for those—workers in small firms or the self-employed—for whom company-provided training is unlikely. A union-run training program in Britain has support from political parties on the right and left.

由纳税人付费的课程有可能被浪费。但企业界可以提供帮助，引导人们学习业界所需的技能，并和MOOC及大学院校合作设计有用的课程。企业还可以鼓励员工学习。电信公司AT&T希望员工具备数字技能，它每年支出3000万美元报销员工的学费。工会也可以发挥作用，组织终身学习，尤其是帮助那些小公司的员工或自雇人士，因为这些人不大可能有公费培训的机会。在英国，一个工会组织的培训项目同时得到了左右两派政党的支持。

To make all this training worthwhile, governments need to slash the licensing requirements and other barriers that make it hard for newcomers to enter occupations. Rather than asking for 300 hours’ practice to qualify to wash hair, for instance, the state of Tennessee should let hairdressers decide for themselves who is the best person to hire.

Not everyone will successfully navigate the shifting jobs market. Those most at risk of technological disruption are men in blue-collar jobs, many of whom reject taking less “masculine” roles in fast-growing areas such as health care. But to keep the numbers of those left behind to a minimum, all adults must have access to flexible, affordable training. The 19th and 20th centuries saw stunning advances in education. That should be the scale of the ambition today.

要让所有这些培训有价值，政府需要大力降低执业资格要求以及其他阻碍新人入行的门槛。例如，与其要求有300小时的实习来获得做洗发工的资格，田纳西州应该让理发店自行决定雇谁最好。

并非每个人都能成功应付正在变化的就业市场。受技术颠覆威胁最大的是那些蓝领工人，其中很多人拒绝在医疗护理等快速发展的领域里承担不那么“男子汉”的工作。但是，若要尽量减少因时代改变而落伍的人数，那么所有成年人都必须能够获得灵活而又实惠的培训。在19和20世纪，教育有了令人震惊的进步。今天的抱负应当不逊当年。

2018年4月7日雅思阅读机经预测

雅思阅读文章题目：Living with uncertainty

重复年份：20160109A 20140515

雅思阅读雅思阅读题材：自然环境

雅思阅读雅思阅读题型：判断7+简答6

雅思阅读文章大意：澳洲的气候变化无常，所以那里的生物需要很强的应变能力。有一种P鸟可以知道什么地方什么时候下雨，可以提前飞去找水喝。当地人为了狩猎把森林烧掉，另一种要吃salt bush的鸟就因此灭绝了。欧洲人来了之后大量种植wheat，Emu喜欢吃，所以繁殖很快。

部分答案参考：

判断：

第一种鸟避开下雨的地方。N

简答：

1.Aboriginal做了什么来方便他们打猎 lit fire

2. G鸟灭绝的原因：salt bush

3. Emu吃wheat

雅思阅读文章题目：Trade

重复年份：20160109B 20120728

雅思阅读题材：发展史

雅思阅读题型：暂无

雅思阅读文章大意：贸易的发展史，讲了贸易的人的天性以及各地的贸易发展水平和状况。

Basically trade means exchange of goods, services, or both. Trade is also called commerce. The actual face of trade was barter, which was the direct exchange of goods and services. Today traders generally negotiate through a medium of exchange, like money, which then makes buying separate from selling, or earning. The invention of money has made trade simpler. Trade between two traders is called bilateral trade, while trade between more than two traders is called multilateral trade.

Trade exists for many reasons. It can be due to specialization and division of labor. Trade exists between regions because different regions have a comparative advantage in the production of some tradable commodity, or because different regions' size helps getting benefits of mass production.

History of Trade:

Trade originated in prehistoric times. It was the main facility of prehistoric people, who bartered goods and services from each other when modern money was never even thought of. Peter Watson dates the history of long-distance commerce from circa 150,000 years ago.

Trade is believed to have taken place throughout much of recorded human history. Materials used for the creation of jewelry were traded with Egypt since 3000 BC. Long-distance trade routes first appeared in the 3rd millennium BC, by the Sumerians in Mesopotamia when they traded with the Harappan civilization of the Indus Valley. Trading is greatly important to the global economy. From the very beginning of Greek civilization to the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century, a financially worthwhile trade brought valuable spice to Europe from the Far East, including China.

The fall of the Roman Empire, and the succeeding Dark Ages brought insecurity to Western Europe and a near end of the trade network. However some trade did occur, the Radhanites were a medieval group of Jewish merchants who traded between the Christians in Europe and the Muslims of the Near East.

The Sogdians ruled the East-West trade route known as the Silk Road from the end 4th century AD to the 8th century AD.

The Vikings and Varangians also traded from the 8th to the 11th century as they sailed from and to Scandinavia. Vikings sailed to Western Europe, while Varangians to Russia.

Vasco da Gama restarted the European Spice trade in 1498. Earlier to his sailing around Africa, the flow of spice into Europe was controlled by Islamic powers, especially Egypt. The spice trade was of major economic importance and helped encourage the Age of Exploration. Spices brought to Europe from distant lands were some of the most valuable commodities for their weight, sometimes rivaling gold.

In the 16th century, Holland was the centre of free trade, imposing no exchange controls, and advocating the free movement of goods.

In 1776, Adam Smith published the paper "An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations". This paper criticized Mercantilism, and argued that economic specialization could benefit nations just as much as firms. Since that time the division of labor was restricted by the size of the market, he said that countries having access to larger markets would be able to divide labor more efficiently and thereby become more productive.

The Great Depression was a major economic collapse that ran from 1929 to the late 1930s. There was a great setback in trade and other economic indicators during this period.

The lack of free trade was considered by many as a root cause of the depression. Only during the World War II the recession ended in United States.

雅思阅读文章题目：The history of Russian Ballet

重复年份：20160114 20150418 20121124

雅思阅读题材：发展史

雅思阅读题型：判断6+填空7

雅思阅读文章大意：芭蕾舞发源于意大利，从17世纪后传入俄国后一直欣欣向荣。出了很多优秀的艺术家和作品，外国舞派也对俄国芭蕾舞发展有着影响。后期以戏剧味发展主流，一直讲到本世纪70年代的发展。

参考阅读：

Until 1689, ballet in Russia was nonexistent. The Tsarist control and isolationism in Russia allowed for little influence from the West. It wasn't until the rise of Peter the Great that Russian society opened up to the West. St. Petersburg was erected to embrace the West and compete against Moscow’s isolationism. Peter the Great created a new Russia which rivaled the society of the West with magnificent courts and palaces. His vision was to challenge the west. Classical ballet entered the realm of Russia not as entertainment, but as a “standard of physical comportment to be emulated and internalized-an idealized way of behaving. The aim was not to entertain the masses of Russians, but to create a cultivated and new Russian people.

Empress Anna, (1730 – 1740) was devoted to ostentatious amusements (balls, fireworks, tableaux), and in the summer of 1734 ordered the appointment of Jean-Baptiste Landé as dancing-master in the military academy she had founded in 1731 for sons of the nobility. In 1738, he became ballet master and head of the new ballet school, launching the advanced study of ballet in Russia, and winning the patronage of elite families.

France provided many leaders such as Charles Didelot in St Petersburg (1801-1831), Jules Perrot(1848-1859) and Arthur Saint-Léon (1859-69).

In the early 19th century, the theaters were opened up to anyone who could afford a ticket. A seating section called a rayok, or 'paradise gallery', consisted of simple wooden benches. This allowed non-wealthy people access to the ballet, because tickets in this section were inexpensive.

One author describes the Imperial ballet as “unlike that of any other country in the world…the most prestigious of the ballet troupes were those attached to the state-supported theatres. The directors of these companies were personally appointed by the tsar, and all the dancers were, in a sense, Imperial servants. In the theatre, the men in the audience always remained standing until the tsar entered his box and, out of respect, after the performance they remained in their places until he had departed. Curtain calls were arranged according to a strict pattern: first, the ballerina bowed to the tsar’s box, then to that of the theater director, and finally to the general public.

雅思阅读文章题目：Aquaculture in New Zealand

重复年份：20160114 20151031 20121124 20110212

雅思阅读题材：农业

雅思阅读题型：小标题7+人名理论配对3+句子填空3

雅思阅读文章大意：新西兰水产养殖，介绍了新西兰一种新型保护海底动物多样性兼顾商业运作的方式一aquaculture , 其发展遇到的问题及前景。

部分参考答案：

小标题

14. vi (一个受益的村庄)

15. vii (company’s profit)

16. 选含 limitation 的那项

17. 选含 concerns to environment 的那项

18. 选含 alternative explanation 的那项

19. 选含 research 的那项

20. 选含 science and business 的那项

填空题

24. polyculture/aquaculture

25. commercial partner

26. market value/high price

雅思阅读文章题目：Children and robots

重复年份：20160305 20141002

雅思阅读题材：科技

雅思阅读题型：小标题5+配对5+填空3

雅思阅读文章大意：机器人对孩子学习的影响。主要讲到把机器人放在学校可以辅助老师还有陪学生玩，还可以让它们拥有表情促进交流，但是过度使用可能会造成伦理问题，此外还提到了几个科学家和他们的观点。

参考阅读：

Robotics is making inroads into society, not only in factories and industry but also in homes and schools, where social robots are helping children cope better with conditions such as diabetes and autism.

A robot and child

Studies show that interaction with a robot can benefit children with certain medical conditions such as diabetes, as well as autism and other developmental disorders. (Image: ALIZ-E project.)

This week, thousands of people – young and old – are exploring the weirdness and wonders of robotics technology during the European Robotics Week, which is taking place in labs, museums, public squares and schools all over Europe.

But robotics offers more than just show and tell. It can make a real difference in the lives of children who, for example, struggle with diabetes or autism, or need extra help in the classroom.

‘Nao’ the friendly (but not perfect) robot

Recently, scientists showed that social robots can help diabetic children accept the nature of their condition and become more confident about their futures. In the four-and-a-half year ALIZ-E project, a research team led by Plymouth University studied the interactions between hundreds of European children aged 7-11 and a robot prototype called ‘Nao’.

Standing around 60 centimetres tall and featuring specially designed speech recognition software, ‘Nao’ helped the youngsters in keeping a diary of food intake, insulin injections and blood sugar levels. Through quizzes and games it also helped the kids to better understand diabetes and the huge amount of information they are given.

According to ALIZ-E leader Tony Belpaeme, the robot is not just a novelty factor to catch the children’s attention but a tool to engage and motivate them. “In many cases where a child has diabetes, you notice their confidence has been knocked and the robot can help restore that. By personalising its responses and recognising the children it has met before, the robots can support and educate, and we have seen many times the positive impact this is having on children and their families,” Belpaeme says in a Plymouth University news release.

The European Commission-funded study has not only shed light on how children relate to social robots, but also how robots need to be designed to maximise their impact when used for educational or therapeutic purposes.

“The robot needs to personalise what it does. If it treats children on an individual level, they immediately relate to it – it taps into our primitive need to interact and communicate,” Belpaeme says in the release. “One of the things that does appeal to children is that the robot makes mistakes – if it never did so, it could become intimidating. It does make the child realise they too don’t have to be perfect all of the time.”

Robots to assist autistic children

The researchers also showed the robots have potential to act as classroom assistants helping pupils who may be in danger of falling behind their peers. The team is now exploring additional uses for the robots, for instance to help children on the autistic spectrum.

“Our initial work shows it could have an incredibly positive impact on those children, and given that autism can impact heavily on someone’s ability to communicate and build relationships, we now need to establish why it seems they can relate to a tiny robot. From that, we can explore how widely we can use the robot as a therapeutic tool and can we, in fact, use it to teach about wider social interactions,” Belpaeme says.

As shown in a number of recent reports by the BBC, there is indeed growing evidence that robots can help autistic children not only to learn but also to improve their communication skills.

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