托福阅读句子简化题如何做好

　　托福阅读句子简化题如何做好?3个实例讲解把握作者意图技巧。今天小编给大家带来托福阅读句子简化题如何做好,希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

　　托福阅读句子简化题如何做好?3个实例讲解把握作者意图技巧

　　托福阅读句子简化题解题思路实例分析

　　例1 [结果]These plants are termed opportunists because [原因]they rely on their seeds’ falling into settings where competing plants have been removed by natural processes, such as along an eroding riverbank, on landslips, or where a tree falls and creates a gap in the forest canopy.

　　A. Because [原因]their seeds grow in places where competing plants are no longer present, [结果]dandelions are classified as opportunists.

　　B. [结果]Dandelions are called opportunists because [原因]they contribute to the natural processes of erosion and the creation of gaps in the forest canopy.

　　C. The term opportunists apply to plants whose seeds fall in places where they can compete with the seeds of other plants.

　　D. The term opportunists apply to plants whose falling seeds are removed by natural processes.

　　你发现原句中有个because，就知道这句话是在解释，必定有因有果。我们先去找因和果。结果是这些植物被称为机会主义者，原因是它们依赖种子掉进一个环境，后面说这个环境里竞争性的植物已经被移除了，即没有竞争性的环境。对句子稍做整理后变成，因为它们依赖自己的种子掉进一个没有竞争性的环境，所以这些植物被称为机会主义者。

　　有同学会问，后面的such as要怎么处理。一般我们有个原则，在句子当中如果是补充的信息，那很重要;如果是重复的信息，应该是不重要的。所以看such as只要明白一点，它到底给前面的什么内容举例。看例子的内容，会发现说的都是地方，说明是给setting举例，那么就可以把它放在一边。

　　于是，我们明白作者原句的意图是在解释有因果的关系，那么四个选项中正确的答案必定在逻辑关系和讲话的意图上和原句是一样的。发现A、B、C、D中只有A和B是有因果的，再进一步看具体的内容，可知A的原因和结果都与原句一致，为正确选项。

　　例2 [转折前]Estimates indicate that the aquifer contains enough water to fill Lake Huron, but unfortunately, [转折后]under the semiarid climatic conditions that presently exist in the region, rates of addition to the aquifer are minimal, amounting to about half a centimeter a year.

　　A. Despite the current impressive size of the Ogallala aquifer, the region’s climate keeps the rates of water addition very small.

　　B. Although the aquifer has been adding water at the rate of only half a centimeter a year, it will eventually accumulate enough water of fill Lake Huron.

　　C. Because of the region’s present climatic conditions, water is being added each year to the aquifer.

　　D. Even when the region experiences unfortunate climatic conditions, the rates of addition of water continue to increase.

　　这个题目原句中有一个but unfortunately，说明这句话前后有一个转折，那么它最核心的意义是作者前后表示的不同。

　　看转折前：aquifer地下蓄水层还有足够的水来填满休伦湖。虽然我们不知道休伦湖有多大，但你明白作者的意图是说水很多。

　　转折后：在这个半干旱的条件下，补充率很小。Amounting to后面给出补充率的数字，是重复内容不重要。

　　所以明确转折前说水量大，转折后说补充率小。然后我们看四个选项，正确答案一定在逻辑关系的表达上是跟But属于同一个范畴。A有despite，表示转折、让步;B有although，让步;C有个因果，原文没有存在因果;D有even表示让步。所以在四个选项中我们会优先考虑A、B、D这三个选项。

　　仔细看A选项，despite后的内容表示水量大，和原句转折前相同;而逗号后的内容表示补充率小，和原句转折后相同。所以A是正确选项。

　　例3 Numerous insects occupy the marsh, feeding on living or dead cordgrass tissue, and redwing blackbirds, sparrows, rodents, rabbits, and deer feed directly on the cordgrass.

　　A. Insects feed only on dead cordgrass, while most other marsh inhabitants feed on live cordgrass.

　　B. The marsh is a good habitat for insects, but a relatively poor one for birds and animals.

　　C. Although cordgrass provides food for birds and animals, it gives insects both food and a place to live.

　　D.Cordgrass provides food for numerous insects, birds, and other animals.

　　这个题目中有一个and，表示并列的关系。那么我们需要考虑并列前和并列后两部分的内容。并列的内容我们往往会取同，打包处理。原文意思是，and前说很多昆虫占据沼泽地，它吃这样的一种植物，and后说这些鸟类去吃这种植物，两部分并列在一起。

　　看四个选项，A选项中有个while，表示对比，逻辑关系不对;B有个but表示转折，逻辑关系不对;C有个although表示让步，逻辑关系不对。所以在逻辑关系上唯一比较符合原句的就是D选项。具体来看D选项，意思是这种植物给昆虫、鸟类、其他的动物提供了食物。

　　如果仔细阅读，你会发现C选项其实说得也很有道理：尽管这种植物给鸟类和其他动物提供了食物，但它给昆虫既提供食物又提供住的地方。似乎这句话更能够表示原文的意思，但是大家不要忘记，虽然它翻译成中文在语义上与原句差不多，但在作者讲话的逻辑意图和句子表示的功能上有所不同。原文没有用任何的转折、让步、比较这样一种取反、表示不同的逻辑关系表达，所以你就不能考虑although。大家要注意，内容说起来差不多，但是作者讲话的逻辑关系、意图不对，我们自然不考虑。所以这道题的答案选D选项。

　　托福阅读长难句实战向分析演练：Unlike in the Americas...

　　托福阅读长难句实例

　　Unlike in the Americas, where metallurgy was a very late and limited development, Africans had iron from a relatively early date, developing ingenious furnaces to produce the high heat needed for production and to control the amount of air that reached the carbon and iron ore necessary for making iron.

　　句子分析

　　本句的主句是Africans had iron from a relatively early date，句首出现unlike...提示了比较关系，这里是美洲与非洲作比较，在Americas之后有where引导的定语从句作修饰。而主句之后的developing ingenious furnaces则是现在分词作状语。本句还有两个不定式结构，分别是to produce the high heat和to control the amount of air，它们是前面furnaces的补语。句末that引导的定语从句，修饰前面的the amount of air。

　　词汇总结

　　metallurgy指的是“冶金术”。

　　ingenious表示“巧妙的“，比如：an ingenious way of making money 赚钱的妙法，an ingenious gadget 巧妙的小玩意，本句ingenious furnaces指的是“精巧的熔炉”。大家还要记下它的名词ingenuity，表示“心灵手巧;足智多谋”。

　　句子翻译

　　美洲的冶金技术发展得非常晚，而且有限。而非洲人则完全不同，他们从相对较早的时期开始就有了铁，并制造出了精巧的熔炉来产生冶金所需要的高温，熔炉还能控制与碳和铁矿石接触的空气用量以满足冶金的需要。

　　托福阅读真题原题+题目

　　Butterflies are among the most extensively studied insects — it is estimated that 90 percent of the world's species have scientific names. As a consequence, they are perhaps the best group of insects for examining patterns of terrestrial biotic diversity and distribution. Butterflies also have a favorable image with the general public. Hence, they are an excellent group for communicating information on science and conservation issues such as diversity.

　　Perhaps the aspect of butterfly diversity that has received the most attention over the past century is the striking difference in species richness between tropical and temperate regions. For example, in 1875 one biologist pointed out the diversity of butterflies in the Amazon when he mentioned that about 700 species were found within an hour's walk, whereas the total number found on the British islands did not exceed 66, and the whole of Europe supported only 321. This early comparison of tropical and temperate butterfly richness has been well confirmed.

　　A general theory of diversity would have to predict not only this difference between temperate and tropical zones, but also patterns within each region, and how these patterns vary among different animal and plant groups. However, for butterflies, variation of species richness within temperate or tropical regions, rather man between them, is poorly understood. Indeed, comparisons of numbers of species among the Amazon basin, tropical Asia, and Africa are still mostly personal communication citations, even for vertebrates. In other words, unlike comparison between temperate and tropical areas, these patterns are still in the documentation phase.

　　In documenting geographical variation in butterfly diversity, some arbitrary, practical decisions are made. Diversity, number of species, and species richness are used synonymously; little is known about the evenness of butterfly distribution. The New World butterflies make up the preponderance of examples because they are the most familiar species. It is hoped that by focusing on them, the errors generated by imperfect and incomplete taxonomy will be minimized.

　　1. Which aspect of butterflies does the passage mainly discuss?

　　(A) Their physical characteristics

　　(B) Their names

　　(C) Their adaptation to different habitats

　　(D) Their variety

　　2. The word consequence in line 2 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) result

　　(B) explanation

　　(C) analysis

　　(D) requirement

　　3. Butterflies are a good example for communicating information about conservation issues

　　because they

　　(A) are simple in structure

　　(B) are viewed positively by people

　　(C) have been given scientific names

　　(D) are found mainly in temperate climates

　　4. The word striking in line 8 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) physical

　　(B) confusing

　　(C) noticeable

　　(D) successful

　　5. The word exceed in line 11 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) locate

　　(B) allow

　　(C) go beyond

　　(D) come close to

　　6. All of the following are mentioned as being important parts of a general theory of diversity

　　EXCEPT

　　(A) differences between temperate and tropical zones

　　(B) patterns of distribution of species in each region

　　(C) migration among temperate and tropical zones

　　(D) variation of patterns of distribution of species among different animals and plants

　　7. The author mentions tropical Asia in lines 19 as an example of a location where

　　(A) butterfly behavior varies with climate

　　(B) a general theory of butterfly diversity has not yet been firmly established

　　(C) butterflies are affected by human populations

　　(D) documenting plant species is more difficult than documenting butterfly species

　　8. Which of the following is NOT well understood by biologists?

　　(A) European butterfly habitats

　　(B) Differences in species richness between temperate and tropical regions

　　(C) Differences in species richness within a temperate or a tropical region

　　(D) Comparisons of behavior patterns of butterflies and certain animal groups

　　9. The word generated in line 26 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) requested

　　(B) caused

　　(C) assisted

　　(D) estimated

　　PASSAGE 30 DABCC CBCB