雅思阅读速度提升攻略
雅思阅读的高分从来都不是只来自于正确率，而应该是正确率与速度的结合。雅思阅读速度不提升是没有可能拿到高分的，只有正确率却做不完题目，肯定会在考试中因为时间关系而胡乱去蒙一些题，这样如何取得高分呢?
雅思阅读速度提升攻略 不提速何来阅读高分?
备考雅思阅读的时候，有的同学觉得速度提升其实并不重要，因为阅读题目是根据问题找答案，并不需要通篇读文章，可事实情况真的如此吗?雅思阅读虽然可以直接从题目入手做题，但是如果不能快速理解题目对应的文章内容依然无法快速将题目做出，由此可见，雅思阅读速度提升势在必行。
一. 雅思阅读速度提升必要性
雅思阅读题目类型有很多，比如选择题、判断题、填空题、段落标题类题目等等，一些考察细节的题目可以快速定位文章找答案，比如填空题和判断题，但是还有一些总结类的题目是要把握通篇文章或者段落的主旨大意，而且即便是细节题也需要大家提升阅读理解的速度，这样才确保在20分钟内完成所有题目，所以雅思阅读速度提升很有必要。
二. 雅思阅读速度提升攻略
1. 泛读时有意识地提速
雅思阅读练习的过程中，很多同学都会做泛读练习，如果大家做泛读练习的时候刻意提速，慢慢地阅读速度也会得到提升。同学们选择的泛读材料大部分是一些国外的报刊和杂志，读文章的时候不需要抠字眼，一字一句地读，只要能读懂内容，把握大意即可。
2. 做题时卡时间
没有参加过雅思考试的同学对于雅思阅读考试时间的紧张感并不了解，平时做阅读的时候多半只关注正确率，不看做题时间。建议大家在平时做阅读练习的时候严格按照考试时间要求自己，20分钟内必须完成一篇，培养阅读中紧迫感，也能锻炼提升大家的阅读和做题速度。
3. 不要纠结生词
雅思阅读本身难度较高，所以阅读中遇到生词也属正常，建议大家不要因为文章中一两个生词停滞不前，如果遇到不影响理解的生词直接略过，如果有影响，那就快速结合上下文去猜测词义，能猜则猜，猜不出来也不要纠结直接继续往下读。
4. 掌握做题技巧
雅思阅读速度提升也要提升做题的速度，阅读中包含了很多类题目，大家在平时备考中除了提升理解力和阅读速度外，也要掌握各类题目的做题技巧，学会找题目中关键词并能用关键词快速定位文章信息，这样才能确保在要求时间内完成所有题目。
雅思阅读速度不提升何来阅读高分?大家在备考雅思阅读的时候要有意识地去提升阅读速度，建议大家提升泛读速度，做练习题的时候注意卡时间，阅读文章遇到生词不要太过纠结，不影响理解的情况下直接略过，最后，还要注意掌握一些做题技巧，确保20分钟内能完成一篇阅读。
雅思考试阅读模拟练习及答案
How shops can exploit people's herd mentality to increase sales
1.A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is.Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended.Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors.Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (that is，how ants，bees or any social animal，including humans，behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy.
2.At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome，Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani，a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology，described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon.Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance，by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store，forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them.Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes，also of the Florida Institute of Technology，set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct.The idea is that，if a certain product is seen to be popular，shoppers are likely to choose it too.The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying.
3.Enter smart-cart technology.In Mr Usmani's supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag，a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information，and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer.As a customer walks past a shelf of goods，a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product.If the number is high，he is more likely to select it too.
4.Mr Usmani's “swarm-moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts.And it gives shoppers the satisfaction of knowing that they bought the “right” product—that is，the one everyone else bought.The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world，mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets.But Mr Usmani says that both Wal-Mart in America and Tesco in Britain are interested in his work，and testing will get under way in the spring.
5.Another recent study on the power of social influence indicates that sales could，indeed，be boosted in this way.Matthew Salganik of Columbia University in New York and his colleagues have described creating an artificial music market in which some 14,000 people downloaded previously unknown songs.The researchers found that when people could see the songs ranked by how many times they had been downloaded，they followed the crowd.When the songs were not ordered by rank，but the number of times they had been downloaded was displayed，the effect of social influence was still there but was less pronounced.People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so.
6.In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueen has been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and research companies.The shops sell only the most popular items in each product category，and the rankings are updated weekly.Icosystem，a company in Cambridge，Massachusetts，also aims to exploit knowledge of social networking to improve sales.
7.And the psychology that works in physical stores is just as potent on the internet.Online retailers such as Amazon are adept at telling shoppers which products are popular with like-minded consumers.Even in the privacy of your home，you can still be part of the swarm.
Questions 1-6
Complete the sentences below with words taken from the reading passage.Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
1.Shopowners realize that the smell of _______________ can increase sales of food products.
2.In shops，products shelved at a more visible level sell better even if they are more _______________.
3.According to Mr.Usmani，with the use of “swarm intelligence” phenomenon，a new method can be applied to encourage _______________.
4.On the way to everyday items at the back of the store，shoppers might be tempted to buy _______________.
5.If the number of buyers shown on the _______________ is high，other customers tend to follow them.
6.Using the “swarm-moves” model，shopowners do not have to give customers _______________ to increase sales.
Questions 7-12
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 7-12 write
YES if the statement agrees with the information
NO if the statement contraicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage
7.Radio frequency identification technology has been installed experimentally in big supermarkets like Wal-Mart.
8.People tend to download more unknown songs than songs they are familiar with.
9.Songs ranked high by the number of times being downloaded are favored by customers.
10.People follow the others to the same extent whether it is convenient or not.
11.Items sold in some Japanese stores are simply chosen according to the sales data of other shops.
12.Swarm intelligence can also be observed in everyday life.
Answer keys:
1.答案：(freshly baked) bread.(第1段第2行：Shoppers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they intended.)
2.答案：expensive.(第1段第4行： Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors.)
3.答案：impulse buying.(第2段第1句：At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome，Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani，a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology，described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon.)
4.答案：other (tempting) goods/things/products.(第2段第2句：Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance，by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store，forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them.)
5.答案：screen.(第3段第4行：As a customer walks past a shelf of goods，a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product.If the number is high，he is more likely to select it too.)
6.答案：discounts.(第4段第第1句：Mr Usmani's “swarm-moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts.)
7.答案：NO.(第4段第3、4句：The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world，mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets.But Mr Usmani says that both Wal-Mart in America an Tesco in Britain are interestd in his workd，and testing will get under way in the spring.短语 “get under way”的意思是“开始进行”，在Wal-Mart的试验要等到春天才开始)
8.答案：NOT GIVEN.(在文中没有提及该信息)
9.答案：YES。(第5段第3句：The reseachers found that when people could see the songs ranked by how many times they have been downloaded，they followed the crowd.)
10.答案：NO。(第5段最后两句：When the songs are not ordered by rank，but the number of times they had been downloaded was displayed，the effect of social influence was still there but was less pronounced.People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so.pronounced的词义是“显著的、明显的”)
11.答案：YES。(第6段第1句：In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueen has been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and research companies.)
12.答案：YES。(最后一段最后一句：Even in the privacy of your home，you can still be part of the swarm.home应该算是everyday life的一部分)
雅思考试阅读模拟练习及答案
The Triumph of Unreason
A.Neoclassical economics is built on the assumption that humans are rational beings who have a clear idea of their best interests and strive to extract maximum benefit (or “utility”, in economist-speak) from any situation.Neoclassical economics assumes that the process of decision-making is rational.But that contradicts growing evidence that decision-making draws on the emotions—even when reason is clearly involved.
B.The role of emotions in decisions makes perfect sense.For situations met frequently in the past, such as obtaining food and mates, and confronting or fleeing from threats, the neural mechanisms required to weigh up the pros and cons will have been honed by evolution to produce an optimal outcome.Since emotion is the mechanism by which animals are prodded towards such outcomes, evolutionary and economic theory predict the same practical consequences for utility in these cases.But does this still apply when the ancestral machinery has to respond to the stimuli of urban modernity?
C.One of the people who thinks that it does not is George Loewenstein, an economist at Carnegie Mellon University, in Pittsburgh.In particular, he suspects that modern shopping has subverted the decision-making machinery in a way that encourages people to run up debt.To prove the point he has teamed up with two psychologists, Brian Knutson of Stanford University and Drazen Prelec of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, to look at what happens in the brain when it is deciding what to buy.
D.In a study, the three researchers asked 26 volunteers to decide whether to buy a series of products such as a box of chocolates or a DVD of the television show that were flashed on a computer screen one after another.In each round of the task, the researchers first presented the product and then its price, with each step lasting four seconds.In the final stage, which also lasted four seconds, they asked the volunteers to make up their minds.While the volunteers were taking part in the experiment, the researchers scanned their brains using a technique called functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).This measures blood flow and oxygen consumption in the brain, as an indication of its activity.
E.The researchers found that different parts of the brain were involved at different stages of the test.The nucleus accumbens was the most active part when a product was being displayed.Moreover, the level of its activity correlated with the reported desirability of the product in question.
F.When the price appeared, however, fMRI reported more activity in other parts of the brain.Excessively high prices increased activity in the insular cortex, a brain region linked to expectations of pain, monetary loss and the viewing of upsetting pictures.The researchers also found greater activity in this region of the brain when the subject decided not to purchase an item.
G.Price information activated the medial prefrontal cortex, too.This part of the brain is involved in rational calculation.In the experiment its activity seemed to correlate with a volunteer's reaction to both product and price, rather than to price alone.Thus, the sense of a good bargain evoked higher activity levels in the medial prefrontal cortex, and this often preceded a decision to buy.
H.People's shopping behaviour therefore seems to have piggy-backed on old neural circuits evolved for anticipation of reward and the avoidance of hazards.What Dr Loewenstein found interesting was the separation of the assessment of the product (which seems to be associated with the nucleus accumbens) from the assessment of its price (associated with the insular cortex), even though the two are then synthesised in the prefrontal cortex.His hypothesis is that rather than weighing the present good against future alternatives, as orthodox economics suggests happens, people actually balance the immediate pleasure of the prospective possession of a product with the immediate pain of paying for it.
I.That makes perfect sense as an evolved mechanism for trading.If one useful object is being traded for another (hard cash in modern time), the future utility of what is being given up is embedded in the object being traded.Emotion is as capable of assigning such a value as reason.Buying on credit, though, may be different.The abstract nature of credit cards, coupled with the deferment of payment that they promise, may modulate the “con” side of the calculation in favour of the “pro”.
J.Whether it actually does so will be the subject of further experiments that the three researchers are now designing.These will test whether people with distinctly different spending behaviour, such as miserliness and extravagance, experience different amounts of pain in response to prices.They will also assess whether, in the same individuals, buying with credit cards eases the pain compared with paying by cash.If they find that it does, then credit cards may have to join the list of things such as fatty and sugary foods, and recreational drugs, that subvert human instincts in ways that seem pleasurable at the time but can have a long and malign aftertaste.
Questions 1-6
Do the following statemets reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1? Write your answer in Boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.
TRUE if the statement reflets the claims of the writer FALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer NOT GIVEN if it is possbile to say what the writer thinks about thisf1.The belief of neoclassical economics does not accord with the increasing evidence that humans make use of the emotions to make decisions.
2.Animals are urged by emotion to strive for an optimal outcomes or extract maximum utility from any situation.
3.George Loewenstein thinks that modern ways of shopping tend to allow people to accumulate their debts.
4.The more active the nucleus accumens was, the stronger the desire of people for the product in question became.
5.The prefrontal cortex of the human brain is linked to monetary loss and the viewing of upsetting pictures.
6.When the activity in nucleus accumbens was increased by the sense of a good bargain, people tended to purchase coffee.
Questions 7-9
Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 7-9 on your answe sheet.
7.Which of the following statements about orthodox economics is true?
A.The process which people make their decisions is rational.
B.People have a clear idea of their best interests in any situation.
C.Humans make judgement on the basis of reason rather then emotion.
D.People weigh the present good against future alternatives in shopping.
8.The word “miserliness” in line 3 of Paragraph J means__________.
A.people's behavior of buying luxurious goods
B.people's behavior of buying very special items
C.people's behavior of being very mean in shopping
D.people's behavior of being very generous in shopping
9.The three researchers are now designing the future experiments, which test
A.whether people with very different spending behaviour experience different amounts of pain in response to products.
B.whether buying an item with credit cards eases the pain of the same individuals compared with paying for it by cash.
C.whether the abstract nature of credit cards may modulate the “con” side of the calculation in favour of the “pro”.
D.whether the credit cards may subvert human instincts in ways that seem pleasurable but with a terrible effect.
Questions 10-13
Complete the notes below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage 1 for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet.
To find what happens in the brain of humans when it is deciding things to buy, George Loewenstein and his co-researchers did an experiment by using the technique of fMRI.They found that different parts of the brain were invloved in the process.The activity in ( 10 ) was greatly increased with the displaying of certain product.The great activity was found in the insular cortex when ( 11 )and the subject decided not to buy a product.The activity of the medial prefrontal cortex seemed to associate with both ( 12 )informaiton.What interested Dr Loewenstein was the ( 13 ) of the assessment of the product and its price in different parts of the brain.
Part II
Notes to Reading Passage 1
1.the nucleus accumbens, the insular cortex, and the medial prefrontal cortex:
大脑的不同部位 (皮层，皮质等)
e.g.cerebellar cortex 小脑皮层cerebral cortex 大脑皮层
2.hone:
珩磨，磨快，磨练，训练使。。。更完美或有效.
3.subvert:
毁灭，破坏;摧毁：
4.piggyback：
骑在肩上;在肩上骑
5.deferment:
推迟、延迟、分期付款
6.aftertaste:
余味，回味事情或经历结束后的感觉，特指令人不快的感觉
Part III
Keys and explanations to the Questions 1-13
1. TRUE
See the second and third sentence in Paragraph A “Neoclassical economics assumes that the process of decision-making is rational.But that contradicts growing evidence that decision-making draws on the emotions—even when reason is clearly involved.”
2. TRUE
See the third sentence in Paragrph B “ Since emotion is the mechanism by which animals are prodded towards such outcomes, evolutionary and economic theory predict the same practical consequences for utility in these cases.”
3.FALSE
See the second sentence in Paragrph C “In particular, he suspects that modern shopping has subverted the decision-making machinery in a way that encourages people to run up debt.”
4.TRUE
See the last sentence in Paragrph E “Moreover, the level of its activity correlated with the reported desirability of the product in question.”
5.FALSE
See the second sentence in Paragrph F and G respectively “Excessively high prices increased activity in the insular cortex, a brain region linked to expectations of pain, monetary loss and the view
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2.高考零分作文
雅思阅读速度提升攻略
