2016GRE阅读真题解析
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2016GRE阅读真题解析之PP2-4 Passage2
PP2-4
Passage 2
The dusky salamander lives only in slow-moving streams where organic debris settles and accumulates. In almost all places in New York State where ducky salamanders used to live, suburban development has cleared uplands and put down asphalt. As a result, rainwater now runs directly into streams, causing increased flow that slows the accumulation of organic sediments. Therefore, it is probably the increased flow caused by suburban development that is responsible for the dusky salamander’s virtual disappearance from New York State.
1. Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the argument?
A. Since 1980 the suburban population of New York State has grown ten times faster than its urban population.
B. Dusky salamanders have disappeared in the past ten years from some suburban areas of New York State that were originally developed more than a century ago and that have not experienced significant development for decades.
C. The two-line salamander, a species that lives in both slow- and swift-moving waters, continues to thrive in streams in New York State from which dusky salamanders have disappeared.
D. Suburban development in New York State contributes significantly to pollution of local streams with lawn fertilizers that are poisonous to most small aquatic animals.
E. Much of the suburban development in New York State has been occurring in areas that never provided prime habitat for dusky salamanders.
2016GRE阅读真题解析之PP2-4 Passage1
PP2-4
Passage 1
Music critics have consistently defined James P. Johnson as a great early jazz pianist, originator of the 1920s Harlem “stride” style, and an important blues and jazz composer. In addition, however, Johnson was an innovator in classical music, composing symphonic music that incorporated American, and especially African American, traditions.
Such a blend of musical elements was not entirely new: by 1924 both Milhaud and Gershwin had composed classical works that incorporated elements of jazz. Johnson, a serious musician more experienced than most classical composers with jazz, blues, spirituals, and popular music, was particularly suited to expand Milhaud’s and Gershwin’s experiments. In 1927 he completed his first large-scale work, the blues- and jazz-inspired Yamekraw, which included borrowings from spirituals and Johnson’s own popular songs. Yamekraw, premiered successfully in Carnegie Hall, was major achievement for Johnson, becoming his most frequently performed extended work. It demonstrated vividly the possibility of assimilating contemporary popular music into the symphonic tradition.
1. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?
A. A historical overview is presented, and a particular phenomenon is noted and analyzed.
B. A popular belief is challenged, and a rival interpretation is presented and supported.
C. A common viewpoint is presented and modified, and the modification is supported.
D. An observation is made and rejected, and evidence for that rejection is presented.
E. A common claim is investigated, and an alternative outlook is analyzed and criticized.
For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.
2. The author suggests which of the following about most classical composers of the early 1920s?
A. They were strongly influenced by the musical experiments of the Milhaud and Gershwin.
B. They had little working familiarity with such forms of American music as jazz, blues, and popular songs.
C. They made few attempts to introduce innovations into the classical symphonic tradition.
3. The passage states that Johnson composed all of the following EXCEPT:
A. jazz works
B. popular songs
C. symphonic music
D. spirituals
E. blues pieces
2016GRE阅读真题解析之PP2-3 Passage3
PP2-3
Passage 3
Electric washing machines, first introduced in the United States in 1925, significantly reduced the amount of time spent washing a given amount of clothes, yet the average amount of time households spent washing clothes increased after 1925. This increase is partially accounted for by the fact that many urban households had previously sent their clothes to professional laundries. But the average amount of time spent washing clothes also increased for rural households with no access to professional laundries.
1. Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain why the time spent washing clothes increased in rural areas?
A. People with access to an electric washing machine typically wore their clothes many fewer times before washing them than did people without access to electric washing machines.
B. Households that had sent their clothes to professional laundries before 1925 were more likely than other households to purchase an electric washing machine when they became available.
C. People living in urban households that had previously sent their clothes to professional laundries typically owned more clothes than did people living in rural households.
D. The earliest electric washing machines required the user to spend much more time beside the machine than do modern electric washing machines.
E. In the 1920s and 1930s the proportion of rural households with electricity was smaller than the proportion of urban households with electricity.
2016GRE阅读真题解析之PP2-3 Passage2
PP2-3
Passage 2
In 1996, scientists caused an experimental flood of the Colorado River by releasing water from Glen Canyon Dam above the Grand Canyon. Because an unintentional flood in 1983 had reduced the river’s introduced population of nonnative trout, biologists were concerned that the experimental flood would wash many fish, native and nonnative, downstream. To find out, biologists placed nets in the river. The nets captured a few more trout than they would have without the flood but did not show substantial flushing of native fish, whose ancestors had, after all, survived many larger natural floods. The biologists surmised that the native species (and most of the trout) must have quickly retreated to protected areas along the riverbank.
1. Which of the following, if true, would make the information presented in the passage compatible with the experimental flood’s in fact having caused substantial flushing of native fish?
A. Many of the native fish are too small to have been captured by the nets.
B. There had been and increase from normal levels in the native fish population prior to the flood.
C. The native fish in the Colorado are much stronger swimmers than taxonomically similar fish in other rivers in the region.
D. The unintentional flood of 1983 had not affected the river’s trout population as much as was originally thought.
E. The experimental flood raised the water level much less than a typical natural flood would have.
2. According to the passage, which of the flowing is true of the Colorado River flood of 1983?
A. The flood had a negative effect on the river’s trout population.
B. There was substantial flushing of the river’s native fish population during the flood.
C. Unlike the 1996 flood, it was not deliberately caused for scientific research purposes.
2016GRE阅读真题解析之PP2-3 Passage1
PP2-3
Passage 1
Some universities have created environmental studies programs that can be marketed to prospective students but that suffer from too little administrative support, limited faculty resources, and a lack of careful deliberation over the hard choices. In the short term, this institutional strategy can pay rich dividends: at minimal expense a university can lay claim to an environmental studies program and attract new students or accommodate the interest of existing ones, perhaps with the full intention of bringing additional resources to bear in later years. As the number of students in these skeleton programs grows, however, the flimsy administrative and curricular scaffolding begins to buckle, leading to an anything-goes strategy that degenerates into curricular incoherence.
1. The passage implies which of the following about the relationship between students and environmental studies programs?
A. Students new to a university are more likely to be aware of environmental studies programs than existing students are.
B. Students prefer curricular incoherence in environmental studies programs to rigid administrative decision making.
C. The curricular flexibility of an environmental studies program is an attraction for new students.
D. If a university offers an environmental studies program, then students will enroll in it.
E. New students will guarantee the success of an environmental studies program.
2. The passage suggests which of the following about “skeleton programs” in environmental studies?
A. They may fail to attract prospective students.
B. At some point they are likely to collapse into curricular confusion.
C. They may par rich dividends in short term.
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2016GRE阅读真题解析
