提升看文章效率GRE阅读技巧

若水1147由分享时间：2020-10-12 18:03:54

在GRE阅读中，有不少阅读文章的篇幅都比较长，内容也常让人觉得晦涩难懂，这往往会造成一些考生读完后面忘了前面。今天小编给大家带来了提升看文章效率GRE阅读技巧,希望能够帮助到大家，一起来学习吧。

提升看文章效率GRE阅读技巧

GRE阅读快速记忆能力价值分析

GRE考生之所以需要快速记忆能力，主要是因为其阅读部分。GRE阅读文章大多选自各类科学或者金融类杂志，篇幅较长，内容也比较深刻复杂，考生一遍看过往往难以留下足够的印象，之后解题如果还要返回再仔细看，往往会花费大量考试时间。众所周知GRE考试时间相当紧张，二次阅读可算是大忌。而如果考生能通过第一次阅读就把文章内容和结构大致记住，解题时就能更有针对性地找到问题涉及的文章内容，提升答题速度和正确率，而这种记忆能力，就是我们提到的快速记忆能力。

另外，快速记忆能力不止对阅读有用，对于一些题目较长的比如填空或者数学文字题来说也能起到很大作用。比如填空中的三空题，题目本身长度往往接近一篇短阅读，考生又需要同时兼顾三个空格中的选项保持整体意思的合理恰当，如果没有一定的记忆能力，填了这个空忘了前面或后面的一些关键要点，就很容易选错答案。数学中一些本身难度不高但文字表达特别复杂的WORD PROBLEM也是如此。总而言之，练好快速记忆能力，对于整场GRE考试的各类题型，都能起到一定的积极作用。

GRE阅读快速记忆能力训练方法介绍

那么，考生如何才能培养好GRE考试需要的快速记忆能力呢?下面小编就为大家介绍具体步骤。

GRE阅读快速记忆能力训练：通读训练(3.5分钟)

1. 用3.5分钟读完一篇文章。

2. 在文章每段结尾，一句话概括出该段主旨。

3. 读完全文后，浏览每段主旨，做好归纳总结。

4. 提炼并确定文章整体主旨。

上述步骤能帮助考生熟悉全文，加快解题速度。

GRE阅读快速记忆能力训练：整体记忆回顾检查(1.5分钟)

1. 把刚才看过的文章翻页，暂时不去看。

2. 在纸上写下刚才的每段主旨和文章整体主旨。

检查记忆的步骤是为了测试你实际记住了文章里的多少内容，这也真是GRE阅读理解考察的能力。如果你刚开始练习的时候什么都没记住也没关系，但这个阶段请不要直接去看文章。只要尽可能把你还记得的东西写下来即可。

GRE阅读快速记忆能力训练：强化细节记忆和标记能力(3.5分钟)

1. 现在可以把文章翻回来重新看了。

2. 如果题目涉及到具体细节，比如某段某行中有关于特定内容的描述说明等，就马上定位到文章当中的相关部分找寻答案。

3. 如果不是细节题，就直接答题。

4. 能够确定答案的情况下果断答题并继续做后面的题。

5. 不能确定答案的话再回到文章里找，但要求迅速完成。

6. 如果在上一步中无法解答题目，那么就做个标记，猜个答案然后继续做题。

GRE阅读的备考原则

2011年8月即将实施的新GRE中取消了类比反义的考查。新GRE的Verbal部分包括：Reading Comprehension，Text Completion以及Sentence Equivalence三个部分。其中与现行GRE考试的共同点就是阅读理解不但保留下来，其重要性得到了进一步的提升。

如果说Verbal Section是中国考生的噩梦，GRE阅读便是噩梦中噩梦。原因是中国学生由于长期以来在英语阅读理解的训练上一直强调词汇的理解和文本的翻译。所谓的“重翻译，轻思维”。此种训练理念与与的要求相去甚远。其实，GRE阅读是借助阅读考察申请者的逻辑思维和解决问题的能力。另外，中国考生对于GRE阅读考试中的文章特点和选项编制的原则了解甚微，也导致备考中存在较大的盲目性以及考试中表现不佳。

在此文中，笔者无意对GRE阅读的文章特点做过多的论述，倒是想就GRE阅读文章的“最后一击”---选项，尤其是选项编制的原则，做一些论述。并会结合笔者在近10年的教学经历跟读者朋友们分享所得。

作为一个标准化运作的出题机构多年以来在GRE阅读的出题方面已经沉淀下若干固定的规则，即用固定的原则来指导阅读试题的编撰者来编制正确和错误的选项。以下笔者将用一篇GRE阅读文章来剖析编制选项的规则，希望对广大的GRE考生有所裨益。

通过对GRE阅读的深入分析不难发现使用了以下原则来编制选项：

1. 正确选项：

(1)同义变换。即将原文中的某一句话用另一种说法表达，也就是英文中的paraphrase。如将文章中的"many wind-pollinated species fail to release pollen when wind speeds are low or when humid conditions prevail.”换成选项中的“Pollen is sometimes not released by plants when there is little wind"。

其中包括三种类型：变换同义词，变换句型，变化同根词的词性。以下分别论述，请注意表格中的斜体字。

2.错误选项：

对于GRE阅读文章中更大量的错误选项，也形成了一套固定的规则。以下笔者就用实例来说明错误选项编制的规则：

(1)混偏反无。

1)混: 此类选项的错误可以形象地概括为：“张冠李戴”。如下例：

文章："...unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses"

题目：The passage suggests that the failure of a large business to have its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might cause it to

(A) experience frustration but not serious financial harm

(B) face potentially crippling fixed expenses (本题问大公司如果没有使投标转化为订单将引起什么结果。而这恰恰是小公司的特点。)

(D) increase its spending with minority subcontractors

(E) revise its procedure for making bids for federal contracts and subcontracts

2)偏：意即选项中所包含的逻辑范畴与原文不符。包括”以偏概全“ 以及”以全概偏”。请看下文：

Paule Marshall’s Brown Girl, Brownstones (1959) was a landmark in the depiction of female characters in Black American literature. Marshall avoided the oppressed and tragic heroine in conflict with White society that had been typical of the protest novels of the early twentieth century. Like her immediate predecessors, Zora Neale Hurston and Gwendolyn Brooks, she focused her novel on an ordinary Black woman’s search for identity within the context of a Black community. But Marshall extended the analysis of Black female characters begun by Hurston and Brooks by depicting her heroine’s development in terms of the relationship between her Barbadian American parents, and by exploring how male and female roles were defined by their immigrant culture, which in turn was influenced by the materialism of White America. By placing characters within a wider cultural context, Marshall attacked racial and sexual stereotypes and paved the way for explorations of race, class, and gender in the novels of the 1970’s.

题目：The passage is primarily concerned with

(A) comparing the works of three Black American authors

(B) describing common themes in Black American literature

(D) providing insights about Black American literature in the early twentieth century

(E) providing historical information about the writing of Black American novels in the second half the twentieth century

分析：此文描述并评价了美国黑人文学史上一部优秀的著作。而其中的D，E选项中的“Black American literature”以及“the writing of Black American novels”无疑扩大了原文的逻辑涵盖的范围，即属于“以全概偏”。于是不予选择。

3)反：即选项中的内容与文章内容相反。

文章：“....Paule Marshall’s Brown Girl, Brownstones (1959) was a landmark in the depiction of female characters in Black American literature. Marshall avoided the oppressed and tragic heroine in conflict with White society that had been typical of the protest novels of the early twentieth century. Like her immediate predecessors, Zora Neale Hurston and Gwendolyn Brooks, she focused her novel on an ordinary Black woman’s search for identity within the context of a black community......”

题目：

According to the passage, Hurston, Brooks, and Marshall are alike in that they

(A) did not examine the effects of White culture on their characters’ lives

(B) were heavily influenced by the protest novels of the early twentieth century

(D) wrote primarily about the difficulties their characters encountered in White culture

(E) wrote exclusively about female characters and the experiences of women

分析：从文章中得知：“马歇尔已经摆脱了抗议小说所一贯描绘的受压迫并且带有悲剧色彩的女主人公形象”。但是B选项却说道：“马歇尔深深地受到二十世纪早期抗议小说的影响”，明显与原文意思相反。

再如：

It can be inferred that the author of the passage would describe Brown Girl, Brownstones as being

(A) completely different from novels written before 1959

(B) highly influenced by novels written in the early twentieth century

(D) important in the late 1950’s but dated today

(E) an important influence on novels written in the 1970’s

分析：C选项“与之前的抗议小说类似” 与原文意思相反。而B选项的“深受二十世纪早期小说的影响”从文章无法推测出。

4)无：即提到文章中未涉及的内容。由于此种选项编制容易，并且一厢情愿地认为此种迷惑手段非常高明。因此，此类错误选项在GRE阅读的错误选项中数量众多。请各位考生紧记：凡基于文章内容无法推测出的选项必然错误。

还是上文：

题目：

According to the passage, Hurston, Brooks, and Marshall are alike in that they

(A) did not examine the effects of White culture on their characters’ lives

(B) were heavily influenced by the protest novels of the early twentieth century

(D) wrote primarily about the difficulties their characters encountered in White culture

(E) wrote exclusively about female characters and the experiences of women

分析：从文章中得知：“马歇尔与另外两位的的共同点在于他们都把小说聚焦于一位普通的黑人女性对自己身份的追求，当然故事是以一个黑人社会为背景”。其中的A选项“未研究百人文化对角色生活所带来的影响”文章从未涉及。

再如：

It can be inferred that the author of the passage would describe Brown Girl, Brownstones as being

(A) completely different from novels written before 1959

(B) highly influenced by novels written in the early twentieth century

(D) important in the late 1950’s but dated today

(E) an important influence on novels written in the 1970’s

分析：D选项“二十世纪50年代末期重要，但是今天过时了”文章从未涉及。

(3) 含有强调性语言(最高级、唯一性和比较级)的选项

会随意地在选项中加入一些极端语言来编制错误选项。集中表现为含有最高级，唯一性以及比较级的词汇。换句话说，含有这三类词汇的选项错误的几率很高。具体说：

1)最高级词汇：best , the most important, the least useful, uttermost, foremost, uppermost, always ,never, often, usually，primarily，primary，exact(ly)，complete(ly) . entire(ly) absolute(ly) extremely, unmitigated . unrestrained . unchecked. first等

2)唯一性词汇：only, alone, exclusively, sole(ly), unique(ly)

3)比较级词汇：more useful than, less beneficial than, better , worse than ，as ..as, the same with, similar to 等等。

还是以上两例：

According to the passage, Hurston, Brooks, and Marshall are alike in that they

(A) did not examine the effects of White culture on their characters’ lives

(B) were heavily influenced by the protest novels of the early twentieth century

(D) wrote primarily about the difficulties their characters encountered in White culture

(E) wrote exclusively about female characters and the experiences of women

分析：此处的D选项和E选项中的“primarily”以及“exclusively”都属于比较极端的词汇。

It can be inferred that the author of the passage would describe Brown Girl, Brownstones as being

(A) completely different from novels written before 1959

(B) highly influenced by novels written in the early twentieth century

(D) important in the late 1950’s but dated today

(E) an important influence on novels written in the 1970’s

分析：此处的A选项中的“completely” 也属于比较极端的词汇。

(4) 违反“论据集中”原则：

即此类选项试图使用非定位处的信息回答问题。此类选项极具迷惑性，因为这些错误的选项在文章中确实被提及过，可是由于与问题回答无关因此不予选择。

请看下例：

“No very satisfactory account of the mechanism that caused the formation of the ocean basins has yet been given. The traditional view supposes that the upper mantle of the earth behaves as a liquid when it is subjected to small forces for long periods and that differences in temperature under oceans and continents are sufficient to produce convection in the mantle of the earth with rising convection currents under the(E) mid-ocean ridges and sinking currents under the continents. Theoretically, this convection would carry the continental plates along as though they were on a conveyor belt and would provide the forces needed to produce the split that occurs along the ridge. This view may be correct: it has the advantage that the currents are driven by(B) temperature differences that themselves depend on the position of the continents. Such a (D)back-coupling, in which the position of the moving plate has an impact on the forces that move it, could produce complicated and varying motions.

On the other hand, the theory is implausible because convection does not normally occur along lines, and it certainly does not occur along lines broken by frequent offs or changes in direction, as the ridge is. Also it is difficult to see how the theory applies to the plate between the (C)Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the ridge in the Indian Ocean. ”

【题】The author refers to a “conveyor belt” in order to

(A)illustrate the effects of convection in the mantle

(B)show how temperature differences depend on the positions of the continents

(C)demonstrate the linear nature of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

(D)describe the complicated motions made possible by back coupling

(E)account for the rising currents under certain mid-ocean ridges

分析：此题为一道举例作用题。其定位为文章中加粗和划线的句子。但是这四个错误的选项都无一例外地通过利用其它的句子编制而成，即出题机构分别使用文章中标号为 A，B，C和D的内容编制出四个错误的选项。因此，不予选择。考生切忌因为文章别的地方曾经出现过类似的内容而犹豫不决。

GRE阅读容易忽视的词汇

GRE阅读词汇举例：

perspective 透视画法;观点，方法;前景，远景

prospect 前景，景色;前途;勘探，寻找

appreciate 理解，认识，意识到;欣赏;感激