往年托福阅读真题及答案
托福(TOEFL)历年真题的重要性不言而喻，这是目前托福考试出题思路的唯一参考资料，因此现今每场托福考试中都会出现大量的旧题，那么能拿到最高效的真题资料就尤为关键了。下面给大家带来托福阅读真题，希望对你们有所帮助。
往年托福阅读真题及答案
In discussing the growth of cities in the United States in the nineteenth century, one cannot really use the term “urban planning,” as it suggests modern concerns for spatial and service organization which, in most instances, did not exist before the planning revolution called the City Beautiful Movement that began in the 1890s.While there certainly were urban areas that were “planned” in the comprehensive contemporary sense of the word before that date, most notably Washington, D.C., these were the exception. Most “planned” in the nineteenth century was limited to areas much smaller than a city and was closely associated with developers trying to make a profit from a piece of land. Even when these small-scale plans were well designed, the developers made only those improvements that were absolutely necessary to attract the wealthy segment of the market. Indeed, it was the absence of true urban planning that allowed other factors to play such an important role in shaping the nineteenth-century American city.
1. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A.Understanding the growth of cities in nineteenth-century America requires recognizing how the City Beautiful Movement of the 1890s changed “urban planning.”
B.For the most part, there was no “urban planning,” as that term is understood today, before the beginning of the City Beautiful Movement in the 1890s.
C.oncerns for spatial and service organization had little impact on the growth of cities before the 1890s when the City Beautiful Movement began.
D.The growth of cities in nineteenth-century America resulted in the creation of the City Beautiful Movement in the 1890s and the rise of the term “urban planning.”
首先我们先明确题目的要求，其实题目中一共应该是3个核心重点要求：
(1)best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage
(2)Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways
(3)or leave out essential information.
通过对题目的分析我们不难发现，essential这个单词出现了2次，换言之，题目要求大家做的是“找出句子的核心含义”，那么什么算是“核心含义”呢?要明白这个问题就要深刻理解一个概念：英语句内逻辑结构
比如
although A, B 中 AB两部分为让步转折关系，核心点是转折后的B句，because A, B中 AB两部分为因果关系，核心点是结论B句。根据这样的理论我们来对之前的句子进行以下处理：
(1)找到逻辑关系词：
In discussing the growth of cities in the United States in the nineteenth century, one cannot really use the term “urban planning,” as it suggests modern concerns for spatial and service organization which, in most instances, did not exist before the planning revolution called the City Beautiful Movement that began in the 1890s.
A, as B 因果关系，核心是结论A
(2)找到从句/分句链接词和从句/分句
(分句)In discussingthe growth of cities in the United States in the nineteenth century,one cannot really use the term “urban planning,” as it suggests modern concerns for spatial and service organization which,(从句)in most instances, did not exist before the planning revolution called the City Beautiful Movement that began in the 1890s.
(3)剔除次要成分，从句，分句，仅保留句子主干
one cannot really use the term “urban planning,”
(4)根据句子逻辑按照重要级进行排列
①one cannot really use the term “urban planning,”
②as it suggests modern concerns for spatial and service organization
③which, in most instances, did not exist before the planning revolution called the City Beautiful Movement that began in the 1890s.
④In discussing the growth of cities in the United States in the nineteenth century,
到此为止，我们已经顺利完成了对这句话的拆分，也明白了整句话中那部分是最重要的，那部分是次要的，下一步就应该考虑选项的选择了。
因为题目的要求是：Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
所以正确选项的逻辑应该是：在保证有重点①的情况下，越详细越好，但只要没有重点①，那就一定是错误选项。
到此，其实正确答案已经顺利浮出水面，就是B选项：For the most part, there was no “urban planning,” as that term is understood today, before the beginning of the City Beautiful Movement in the 1890s.
给备考TOEFL的同学们提几点建议
从2016年3月份开始TOEFL考试出现了以下几点特点：
(1)多套题目并行考试
特点：同一场考试会有4-5套题同时在考，这就相当于是10几篇阅读，10几篇听力等
应对措施：坚持面授集训真题课程长线作战，上考场前尽可能熟悉2014年-2017年全盘TOEFL考场原题，上课+自习室刷题，在提高实力的同时，增强考运。
(2)阅读加试频繁
特点：之前甚至很多同学不知“阅读加试”为何物，很简单，当你看到你的阅读倒计时为“79:59”的时候，就是表示你需要完成4篇阅读，其中1篇为加试。
应对措施：从容!淡定!其实你要知道阅读加试总比听力加试爽一些吧?
(3)听力难度加大
特点：从2016年开始TOEFL就有难度提升的趋势，尤其是在听力方面体现的更加突出，非常喜欢在很细节的小点上出题
应对措施：“以听为主，以记为辅”，需要明白的是听力考试的本质还是在于“听懂”，很多同学花了大把大把的时间去记笔记，但最后发现记的都没考，考的都没记，需要明白的是，在听力考试过程中最重要的依然是“听懂”，笔记很大程度上来说只是一个辅助!而不是听力考试的全部!
(4)旧题频繁
特点：尤其是在听力和阅读部分几乎每场考试都有大量之前考过的旧题出现，目前TOEFL考试中复现概率最高的是2014年-2016年题目
应对措施：多做多练，而且请不要再只关注TPO(那是早就被ETS所废弃的题目，坚决不会出现在实际考试中!)
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