托福阅读细节题分析

Paragraph 3: ……Even if they hugged theAfrican coastline, they had little chance of surviving a crossing of the IndianOcean Shortly after 1400. Shipbuilders began developing a new type of vesselproperly designed to operate in rough, open water: the caravel. It had a widerand deeper hull than the galley and hence could carry more cargo: increasedstability made it possible to add multiple masts and sails. In the largestcaravels, two main masts held large square sails that provided the bulk of thethrust driving the ship forward, while a smaller forward mast held atriangular-shaped sail, called a lateen sail, which could be moved into avariety of positions to maneuver the ship.

8. According to paragraph 3, what did thelateen sail contribute to the caravel as a sailing ship?

○It provided stability for the front partof the ship.

○It made it possible for the hull to bewider and deeper.

○It added considerably to the speed of thewind-driven ship.

○It improved the capacity of the ship to beguided.

这道题题干中的关键词是lateen sail. 带着它回文中找到相关信息：while a smaller forward mast held a triangular-shaped sail, called alateen sail, which could be moved into a variety of positions to maneuver the ship.这个句子比较长而且还出现了定语从句，开头还有一个托福阅读常考的词while，并不是一下子就可以顺译出来的，如果考托er们读不懂这个句子，大概会有如下两种情况：

第一种，如果TOEFLer们在这个句子中发现百分之五十以上的单词都不认识，那么同学们得赶紧回去背诵高中词汇，后期的学习计划就应该着重在大量时间花在单词背诵计划的制定上：高中词汇结束后再紧跟着背诵四级和托福词汇。而且TOEFLer再做题目的时候就不能一味地想要学习解题技巧，而应该着重基础的提升，无论是单词还是长难句。英文阅读和中文阅读一样，没有单词量的阅读就好像文盲读报纸，只能靠脑洞。

第二种，如果发现单词基本没问题，但是连which这个从句都不知道起什么作用，那么句法部分应该还有很大欠缺，尤其是从句部分知识。这种情况经常会出现在大学生群体中，他们的单词量经过四六级的洗礼已经比较拿的出手了，但是对于句法反倒没有高中生掌握的好，甚至遗忘比较严重，以至于读句子的时候多是把单词的意思往一起拼凑。这种学生通常会在做题时在迷惑性选项中一再栽跟头，因为无论原文还是选项他都是读得似懂非懂，就无法保证做题的正确率了。

综上所述，细节题是一种看起来简单实际上很考察阅读基本功的题型，通过一道细节题就可以考察出自己的问题在哪里，以及以后学习中需要加以注意的地方。各位TOEFLer平时在做题的时候也要多加以总结和思考哦。

托福阅读长难句：英国电视广告

The Independent Television Commission, regulator of television advertising in the United Kingdom, has criticized advertisers for "misleadingness"—creating a wrong impression either intentionally orunintentionally—in an effort to control advertisers' use of techniques that make it difficult for children to judge the true size, action, performance, or construction of a toy. (TPO14, 52)

我是分界线，大家先测试一遍速读是否理解

The Independent Television Commission, (regulator of television advertising in the United Kingdom), has criticized advertisers for "misleadingness"(—creating a wrong impression either intentionally or unintentionally—)(in an effort)(to control advertisers' use of techniques)(that make it difficult for children to judge the true size, action, performance, or construction of a toy.)

分析：

修饰一：(regulator of television advertising in the United Kingdom) ，同位语

中文：英国电视广告的管理者

修饰二：(—creating a wrong impression either intentionally or unintentionally—)，破折号和非谓语动词

中文：他们有意或无意营造了一个错误的印象

修饰三：(in an effort) ，介词短语

中文：努力

修饰四：(to control advertisers' use oftechniques)，非谓语动词

中文：控制广告商对技术的使用

修饰五：(that make it difficult forchildren to judge the true size, action, performance, or construction of a toy.) ，从句，修饰techniques

中文：这些技术使孩子很难去判断玩具的真实大小、动作、性能以及构造

参考翻译：

英国电视广告的管理者即独立电视委员会批评广告商的“误导”(他们有意或无意营造了一个错误的印象)，他们努力控制广告商对技术的使用，这些技术使孩子很难去判断玩具的真实大小、动作、性能以及构造。

这个句子的主要修饰成分就是从句、非谓语动词、同位语、介词短语，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。

托福阅读长难句：逆流交换系统

In a countercurrent exchange system, the blood vessels carrying cooled blood from the flippers run close enough to the blood vessels carrying warm blood from the body to pick up some heat from the warmer blood vessels; thus, the heat is transferred from the outgoing to the ingoing vessels before it reaches the flipper itself. (TPO15, 55)

(In a countercurrent exchange system), the blood vessels (carrying cooled blood from the flippers) run close enough to the blood vessels (carrying warm blood from the body) (to pick up some heat from the warmer blood vessels); thus, the heat is transferred (from the outgoing to the ingoing vessels) (before it reaches the flipper itself). (TPO15, 55)

分析：

修饰一：(In a countercurrent exchange system)，介词短语

中文：在逆流交换系统中

修饰二：(carrying cooled blood from the flippers)，非谓语动词，修饰the blood vessels

中文：携带来自鳍部的冷血

修饰三：(carrying warm blood from the body) ，非谓语动词，修饰the blood vessels

中文：携带来自身体的温血

修饰四：(to pick up some heat from the warmer blood vessels) ，非谓语动词

中文：以便从带有温血的血管中获取热量

修饰五：(from the outgoing to the ingoing vessels) ，介词短语

中文：由流出的血管到流进的血管

修饰六：(before it reaches the flipper itself)，从句