托福阅读“六选三”题型技巧

若水1147由分享时间：2020-09-11 11:29:58

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“六选三”的主旨题是托福阅读最后一道大题最常出现的题型之一，即从六个选项中选取三个，下面小编就和大家分享　托福阅读“六选三”题型，希望能够帮助到你们，快来一起学习吧。

托福阅读“六选三”题型技巧

例题1：MINERALS AND PLANTS

下面分别是文章每段段首的信息：

Paragraph 1 Research has shown that certain minerals are required by plants for normal growth and development.

Paragraph 2 Mineral deficiencies can often be detected by specific symptoms such as chlorosis (loss of chlorophyll resulting in yellow or white leaf issue), necrosis (isolated dead patches), anthocyanin formation (development of deep red pigmentation of leaves or stem), stunted growth, and development of woody tissue in an herbaceous plant.

Paragraph 3 Much of the research on nutrient deficiencies is based on growing plants hydroponically, that is, in soilless liquid nutrient solutions.

Paragraph 4 While mineral deficiencies can limit the growth of plants, an overabundance of certain minerals can be toxic and can also limit growth.

Paragraph 5 Scientists have known for some time that certain plants, called hyper accumulators, can concentrate minerals at levels a hundredfold or greater than normal.

Paragraph 6 Only recently have investigators considered using these plants to clean up soil and waste sites that have been contaminated by toxic levels of heavy metals - an environmentally friendly approach known as phytoremediation.

题目：

Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.

Plants need to absorb certain minerals from the soil in adequate quantities for normal growth and development.

1. Some plants are able to accumulate extremely high levels of certain minerals and thus can be used to clean up soils contaminated with toxic levels of these minerals.

2. Though beneficial with lower levels, high levels of salts, other minerals, and heavy metals can be harmful to plants.

3. When plants do not absorb sufficient amounts of essential minerals, characteristic abnormalities result.

4. Because high concentrations of sodium chloride and other salts limit growth in most plants, much research has been done in an effort to develop salt-tolerant agricultural crops.

5. Some plants can tolerate comparatively low levels of certain minerals, but such plants are of little use for recycling nutrients back into depleted soils.

6. Mineral deficiencies in many plants can be cured by misting their roots with a nutrient solution or by transferring the plants to a soilless nutrient solution.

正确选项是123。不难发现，选项1对应第5和6段;选项2对应第4段;选项3对应第2段。这是因为，所谓的文章主要信息，其实就是某一段或几段的主旨信息。因此，如果有的选项不确定，可以回到文中把每段的主旨信息找到，作为判断的依据。

除了选出正确选项外，还要擅长排除错误选项。常见的错误选项是文章提到的细节信息。那么细节信息的特征是什么?先看例子。

例题2：APPLIED ARTS AND FINE ARTS

题目：

An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.

This passage discusses fundamental differences between applied-art objects and fine-art objects.

Answer Choices

○Applied-art objects fulfill functions, such as containing or sheltering, and objects with the same function have similar characteristics because they are constrained by their purpose.

○It is easy to recognize that Shang Dynasty vases are different from Inca vases.

○Fine-art objects are not functional, so they are limited only by the properties of the materials used.

○Renaissance sculptors learned to use iron braces to strengthen the internal structures of bronze statues.

○In the twentieth century, fine artists and applied artists became more similar to one another in their attitudes toward their materials.

○In all periods, fine artists tend to challenge the physical limitations of their materials while applied artists tend to cooperate with the physical properties of their materials.

错误选项为245.它们共同的特点是：细节信息，具体体现在：选项2里的Shang Dynasty vases, 选项4的Renaissance sculptors, 选项5里的in the twentieth century和similar。这些细节信息的具体特征是：人名、地名、数字、年代等等。尤其当这些信息出现在句子主干处时，要格外当心!

托福阅读长难句：动物活动

Normally, the constantly changing levels of an animal's activity——sleeping, feeding,moving, reproducing, metabolizing, and producing enzymes and hormones, for example——are well coordinated with environmental rhythms, but the key question is whether the animal's schedule is driven by external cues, such as sunrise or sunset, or is instead dependent somehow on internal timers that themselves generate the observed biological rhythms. (TPO13, 61)

metabolize /mɪ'tæbəlaɪz/ v. 新陈代谢

enzyme /'enzaɪm/ n.酵

hormone /'hɔːməʊn/ n. 荷尔蒙，激素

rhythm /'rɪð(ə)m/ n.节奏;节律，循环

internal /ɪn'tɜːn(ə)l/ adj.内在的，内部的

我是分界线，大家先自己一遍速读哦。

Normally, the constantly changing levels of an animal's activity(——sleeping, feeding, moving,reproducing, metabolizing, and producing enzymes and hormones, for example——)are well coordinated with environmental rhythms, but the key question is whether the animal's schedule is driven by external cues, such as sunrise or sunset, or is instead dependent somehow on internal timers (that themselves generate the observed biological rhythms). (TPO13, 61)

长难句分析：

这个句子主干部分:

Normally, the constantly changing levels of an animal's activity are well coordinated with environmental rhythms, but the key question is whether the animal's schedule is driven by external cues, such as sunrise or sunset, or is insteaddependent somehow on internal timers.

大家要在读的时候要注意忽略那些细节，尤其是破折号后面的。

比较难理解的是the key question is whether the animal's schedule is driven by external cues, such as sunrise or sunset, or is instead dependent somehow on internal timers.

这里就是A or B的结构：

A= isdriven by external cues, such as sunrise or sunset

B= isinstead dependent somehow on internal timers

中文：关键问题是，动物的作息是否是由外界条件比如日出日落驱使，或者相反，是以某种方式依赖于。

修饰一：(——sleeping, feeding, moving,reproducing, metabolizing, and producing enzymes and hormones, for example——)，破折号，解释说明

中文：例如，睡觉、喂食、活动、繁殖、新陈代谢以及产生酶与荷尔蒙

修饰二：(that themselves generate the observed biological rhythms) ，从句，修饰internal timers

中文：自身产生并遵循的生物循环

参考翻译：

一般来说，动物活动的不断变化的程度——例如，睡觉、喂食、活动、繁殖、新陈代谢以及产生酶与荷尔蒙——与环境的循环十分同步，但关键问题是，动物的作息是否是由外界条件比如日出日落驱使，或者相反，是以某种方式依赖于自身产生并遵循的生物循环。

这个句子的主要修饰成分就是从句，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。

托福阅读长难句：性别不平等

Inequalities of gender have also existed in pastoralist societies, but they seem to have been softened by the absence of steep hierarchies of wealth in most communities, and also by the requirement that women acquire most of the skills of men, including, often, their military skills. (TPO14, 46)

inequality n. 不平等

pastoralist /'pæstərəlist/ n. 田园诗的作者，畜牧者

steep /stiːp/ adj. 陡峭的;(价格或要求)过高的，不合理的

hierarchy /'haɪərɑːkɪ/ n. 等级制度

我是分界线哦，大家先一遍速读

Inequalities of gender have also existed in pastoralist societies, but they seem to have been softened (by the absence of steep hierarchies of wealth) (in most communities),and (also by the requirement) (that women acquire most of the skills of men),(including, often, their military skills). (TPO14, 46)

分析：

这句话的重点其实就是：they seem to have been softened

修饰一：(by the absence of steep hierarchies of wealth) ，介词短语

中文：没有严格的财富等级制度

修饰二：(in most communities) ，介词短语

中文：在大多数群落中

修饰三：(also by the requirement) ，介词短语，注意这里的also by the requirement和by the absence of steep hierarchies of wealth是并列的

中文：也需要

修饰四：(that women acquire most of the skills of men)，从句

中文：女性获得大多数男人的技能

修饰物：( including, often, their military skills)，介词短语

中文：包括常用军事技能