托福阅读读题技巧

若水1147由分享时间：2020-09-11 10:57:37

读题的时候，我们需要做的都不仅仅是搞清楚题目的类型、找出定位的关键词以及找到定位句，下面小编就和大家分享托福阅读读题技巧，希望能够帮助到你们，快来一起学习吧。

托福阅读读题技巧

读题的时候，我们需要做的都不仅仅是搞清楚题目的类型、找出定位的关键词以及找到定位句，我们还需要在最开始就清楚地明白，题目到底是在问什么。

这样做会带来两个好处：

1.方便我们在之后的做题步骤中，有效地筛选出回答题目的信息，快速排除无效信息，减少纠结上浪费的时间;

2.能够帮助我们避开出题人故意设置的干扰选项

大家先来做一下下面这道题，

选自官方真题Official11的Ancient Egyptian Sculpture

Paragraph 1: In order to understand ancient Egyptian art, it is vital to know as much as possible of the elite Egyptians' view of the world and the functions and contexts of the art produced for them. Without this knowledge we can appreciate only the formal content of Egyptian art, and we will fail to understand why it was produced or the concepts that shaped it and caused it to adopt its distinctive forms. In fact, a lack of understanding concerning the purposes of Egyptian art has often led it to be compared unfavorably with the art of other cultures: Why did the Egyptians not develop sculpture in which the body turned and twisted through space like classical Greek statuary? Why do the artists seem to get left and right confused? And why did they not discover the geometric perspective as European artists did in the Renaissance? The answer to such questions has nothing to do with a lack of skill or imagination on the part of Egyptian artists and everything to do with the purposes for which they were producing their art.

问题1：Paragraph 1 suggests that one reason Egyptian art is viewed less favorably than other art is that Egyptian art lacks

A. a realistic sense of human body proportion

B. a focus on distinctive forms of varying sizes

C. the originality of European art

D. the capacity to show the human body in motion

这道题目的答案是D，小伙伴们检查检查，看看做没做对。

1.如果做对了，那么请尝试着给其他同学讲讲你是咋选的，如果能够讲清楚，那么代表你已经是阅读的大神级人物了。

2.如果没做对，且听我娓娓道来。

这道题目通常会犯的一个问题就是根据定位的句子：In fact, a lack of understanding concerning the purposes of Egyptian art has often led it to be compared unfavorably with the art of other cultures. 直接进行答案的选择。但实际上，如果你只定位或读到这个句子，那说明你根本没有看清楚题目，做题的时候根本没有动脑筋。

题目问的是：埃及艺术缺乏了一个什么东西，使得它不被人们喜欢?

这个句子虽然存在一个表示因果关系的led to，但总结一下就会发现，尽管结果“compared unfavorably with the art of other cultures”和题目一毛一样，这个句子给我们的原因却是“不理解埃及艺术”，也就是说“因为人们没有足够的理解埃及艺术的目的，才导致他们觉得埃及艺术很挫”呢!

只有欣赏者才会不理解埃及艺术，怎么可能是埃及艺术自身无法理解自己???

所以，只有读懂了题目的意思才能知道，原来找到了一个完全无用的信息啊。并且，我们也不会反复纠结“为什么没有一个选项能够对的上原文的信息”这个问题了。

接下来，我们需要做的事情就是继续寻找相关信息。

我们把冒号前后的两个完整句子连在一起看一下：

In fact, a lack of understanding concerning the purposes of Egyptian art has often led it to be compared unfavorably with the art of other cultures: Why did the Egyptians not develop sculpture in which the body turned and twisted through space like classical Greek statuary?

事实上，不理解埃及艺术的目的通常会导致大家不像喜欢其他文化一样喜欢埃及艺术：为什么埃及人创造的雕塑没有像古典希腊雕塑那样带有身体的转动和扭动呢?

绕来绕去，其实就是在说：

不清楚埃及艺术的目的——看到埃及雕塑缺乏body turned和twisted——认为埃及雕塑特别挫

看到这儿，我们已经能够妥妥的得出能够回答题目的答案了，那就是埃及艺术缺乏对肢体动作的描绘，答案很自然就是D!

看到这不禁感叹一句，艺术家也挺不容易的，作品搞得太大众吧，被人认为屌丝，搞得太阳春白雪，又会被诟病太装逼，为之奈何且为之奈何啊。。。

我们再来做一道题，选自官方真题Official20的Westward Migration

Paragraph 2: Why were these hundreds of thousands of settlers—most of them farmers, some of them artisans—drawn away from the cleared fields and established cities and villages of the East? Certain characteristics of American society help to explain this remarkable migration. The European ancestors of some Americans had for centuries lived rooted to the same village or piece of land until some religious, political, or economic crisis uprooted them and drove them across the Atlantic. Many of those who experienced this sharp break thereafter lacked the ties that had bound them and their ancestors to a single place. Moreover, European society was relatively stratified; occupation and social status were inherited. In American society, however, the class structure was less rigid; some people changed occupations easily and believed it was their duty to improve their social and economic position. As a result, many Americans were an inveterately restless, rootless, and ambitious people. Therefore, these social traits helped to produce the nomadic and daring settlers who kept pushing westward beyond the fringes of settlement. In addition, there were other immigrants who migrated west in search of new homes, material success, and better lives.

问题：According to paragraph 2, all of the following are reasons why Americans migrated westward EXCEPT

A. the desire to move from one place to the next

B. the hope of improving their socioeconomic status

C. the opportunity to change jobs

D. the need to escape religious or political crises

如果你选的是A、B、C其中一个，那么请你仔细阅读并思考下面的问题：

1.题目问的是啥?

2.这个句子啥意思?The European ancestors of some Americans had for centuries lived rooted to the same village or piece of land until some religious, political, or economic crisis uprooted them and drove them across the Atlantic.

3.The European ancestors of some Americans是美国人还是欧洲人?

答案：

1.下列哪一个原因不是美国人向西迁移的原因?

2.某些美国人的欧洲祖先几个世纪以来生活地点没有发生改变，直到某些宗教、政治或经济危机把他们赶出家园，迫使他们穿越了大西洋(来到美洲)。

3.米国人的欧洲祖先当然是欧洲人咯

所以，D选项的逃离宗教、政治危机，其实和米国人一点关系都没有，而是欧洲人最开始向西穿越大西洋、来到美洲的根本原因，那么D也就是这道题目的答案了(问题回顾：下列哪一个原因不是美国人向西迁移的原因?)

托福阅读：经典十周复习建议

第一周-第二周：完成OG剩余阅读题，开始做TPO 1-5(其中有和OG重复的题目，可跳过)

1. 把上课遗留下来或作为作业的题目都做完;

2. 核对答案，分析对错，错的题目一定要搞明白;

3. 精读错误率高的文章。

精读要求：摘录每篇生词，标注词性、中文、同义词，着重记忆词性为动词、形容词的单词;

分析和做错题目有关的定位句，如果是长句，用课上的办法作分析，能翻译一下;

划出每段的段落大意。

第三周-第四周：开始做TPO 6-10，刚开始不宜追求速度，要保证质量

1. 可以每天安排做一篇TPO阅读，可以不记时;

2. 核对答案，分析对错，错误率高的文章同样要做精读，精读要求同上;

3. 开始整理学科单词，如果这篇是关于地质学，自动把文章中和这个学科有关的单词摘录下来，归为一类。

第五周-第六周：继续做TPO 11-20，慢慢加大做题量，寻找自己薄弱题型

1. 每天不计时至少做一篇TPO阅读;

2. 对比近几周做题情况，找出自己薄弱的题型，比如：推断题，那就先把上课笔记再好好看下，以及往后的日子里，每天单独挑3-5题推断题作专项训练;

3. 整理学科单词，同上。

第七周-第八周：开始进入模拟考试环节，完成TPO 21-25

1. 每天必须做两篇TPO阅读，必须计时，如果说前面几周大多在纸面上做阅读，那从这时开始必须转为上机，渐渐适应考试状态;

2. 核对答案，开始计算分值，并和OG上的参考评分作对比，看看和自己所期待的分值之间的差距为多少;

3. 开始快速复习之前背过的单词(红宝书)，这里指的复习不是统统重新背一遍，指的是复习自己当初背觉得很难或者容易忘记的单词，所以如果事先有记录，那这时背起来就比较有方向;

4. 还可以选用《托福核心词汇21天突破》，把高频词再扫看一到两遍。

第九周-第十周：后冲刺的两周，积极做题，调整心态

1. 依然不需要做其他额外的材料，还是做TPO，完成剩下的TPO 26-30;

2. 每次练习尽可能连贯地做三篇，计时，上机做，基本还原考试真实情况;

3. 核对答案，计算分值，估计自己终分值的区间;

4. 单词照背，同上，在考前把之前自己整理的所有学科单词复习一篇。

托福阅读备考：题型及主题的确定

1、题型——注重解题方法

托福阅读10种题型，除后的小结题外大都属于考查文章细节的题目。根据题干中的关键词定位是至关重要的一步，然后就是理解。此时如果词汇量太小怎么办?事实上做阅读我们永远要牢记的就是找句子主干，考查的信息基本都在主干中体现了，

比如：

The deer which once picturesquely dotted the meadows around the fort were gone [in 1832], hunted to extermination in order to protect the crops。

这个句子较长，其中有which引导的定语从句，还有hunted… 这个状语，而解题时我们只需要句子的主干The deer were gone。多数同学在做题时有个习惯就是看到一句话后就开始逐词阅读，甚至试图把它翻译成中文，这可谓“兵家大忌”。

遇到一句话先抓主干，遇到整段记得扫描段落有无显眼的连词，举例信号词等，浏览每段的主题句。

再说一下小结题，大多数考生的切肤之痛。一是做到后一题时时间已所剩无几，二是后一题是对全文的主要内容的总结，相对复杂。

在课堂中，我一再向学生强调把握全文结构及大意的重要性，而如何去把握?

一是做题之前可大概浏览文章的标题及每段首句。作为学术性的阅读文章，首句基本都是主题句。尤其是总分结构的文章，比如TPO6中的Infantile Amnesia, 虽然文章较难理解，但是文中明确提出了三种观点first，second，third… 那么此类文章小结题的选项太显而易见了。再者，文章的每段会对应出2-3道题，那么题目中对应的部分基本都是段落的核心所在。从这两点就可以很快了解文章的主要内容。所以在进行TPO练习时，做题虽不可或缺，但还要注意多加练习快速阅读文章的能力。

2、主题——增加背景知识

有部分学生反映做阅读时很难投入进去，有一点原因就是对于文章所述内容太过陌生，如果你对其略知一二，相信定会有所不同。比如TPO中有篇文章讲到化学元素周期表，对于高中生来说再熟悉不过了，阅读的时候半读半猜，估计也可以理解的89不离十了。

若考试准备时间充足，可以多加涉猎，扩充自己的知识背景;若时间紧张，则需搞定TPO套题。根据文章记忆单词，并不是文章中出现的每一个“陌生的面孔”都要去熟悉，比如一些繁琐的专有名词跳过即可。主要记忆的当然是一些动词、名词及形容词，尤其是出现在句子主干中，与解题有关的词汇。

除了词汇，应学会分析题干及题目，比如题干中出现了effect，conclusion之类的词，其实已经界定了我们寻找的范围——段落靠后的部分，还有就是观点性和总结性的句子永远会是考察的重点所在。做题的时候学会分析原文和选项，进行对比，比如句子简化题，做一题需要看五个长句，似乎很花费时间，但并不需要每个句子都要细看，而是先明确原句的逻辑及主干，抓住选项中的关键点与原句进行比较。

例如：As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting, the Strait of Gibraltar, where the Mediterranean now connects to the Atlantic, opened, and water cascaded spectacularly back into the Mediterranean.A. The strait of Gibraltar reopened when the Mediterranean and the Atlantic became connected and the cascades of water from one sea to the other caused crustal adjustments and faulting.B. The Mediterranean was dramatically refilled by water from the Atlantic when crustal adjustments and faulting opened the Strait of Gibraltar, the place where the two seas are joined.C. The cascades of water from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean were not as spectacular as the crustal adjustments and faulting that occurred when the Strait of Gibraltar was connected to those seas.D. As a result of crustal adjustments and faultin;g and the creation of the Strait of Gibraltar, the Atlantic and Mediterranean were connected and became a single sea with spectacular cascades of water between them。

原句是因果逻辑的句子，先找出其因： crustal adjustments and faulting，果：the Strait opened, and water cascaded spectacularly back into the Mediterranean。接着来看选项：A…. caused crustal adjustments and faulting 显然是因果倒置了，毫不犹豫地灭掉;C. 因为此选项中出现比较not as spectacular as, 非常惹眼的一个核心词，而原文中是修饰动词的副词spectacularly，并未进行比较，二话不说也排除掉;D. As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting and the creation of the Strait of Gibraltar,… 这原因里怎么多出来一项啊，掳袖子撵人吧!

管中窥豹，可见一斑。由此例可见找关键，作分析可帮助我们快速并且准确的找出选项。值得注意的一点是：无论解题方法多么巧妙，离开了大量的练习就是“无本之源”。

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