雅思阅读必备技巧

6.先做需要通读全文才能做得题目，这样能节省时间，免得重复阅读。比如，首先看有没有list headings，有就先做这类题。Matching里面的信息对段落题如果出现也是要先做的。再次就是summary需要全局阅读。再次就是Multiple choice。T/F/NG最后做。时间不够就只能使用技巧了。到30分钟的时候看看还剩下什么，然后决定是继续做还是先去做第3题。

然后下面是针对每种类型的的题目的一些技巧：

T/F/NG tips:

1.时间不够的话全true(对应的对于multiple choice全C法)

2.对于出现every和only等比较绝对的词汇时很大可能是false

3.题目肯定是按照段落的顺序设置的

4. 使用参照物的方法将题干在文章中定位(比如人名，地名，时间，百分比，大写字母)

5.如何区分No和NG:明显抵触的才是No(比如，文中说部分保护，结论是全部保护，这就是冲突等)，推不出来的就是NG(文中较抽象)

6. 类题只可能对于细节题，不可能需要阅读全文信息才能做决定，所以定位以后就能做题，不需要读完全文

7. NG的形式：a,并不存在比较的基础，或者没有比较的意义。所以一旦出现比较，就可以选NG，特别是金钱，男女生的智商的比较等。b,隐形的比较，这些词比如similar，another，the same as, identical, next隐含比较意义，也可以选NG，还有比较级也是可以选NG的。另外，the latter也是可以选NG的。c,终极比较，比如形容词最高级很可能选NG

8.7道题出现NG的数目最多为2道。True的数目为2-3.

9.还有一种选False的，比如，文章说还还处于试验阶段，题目说已经投入使用。文章说还是理论，题目说已经实践。

10.人们对于负面信息的关注度远远高于正面信息的关注度，所以不可能出现文章中说impossible而题目中说可能，但是如果题目中真的出现表示可能的词的时候，该题肯定选Ture(真理是模棱两可的)，类似的，出现下列词也是can, could, possible, probable, not all, not always，not necessarily, some，这就是真理性truth。

11.偷换概念型的NG。题目说选择清华是因为高质量的教学，题目说是因为清华的名气，这种就属于偷换概念。

Heading tips:

1.观察各个heading的关键词(通常是形容词后面的名词，但不能是文章的主题;或者动词)

2.Heading里面没有名词时，缺失的名词是文章的主题词

3. 只要能够原词对上的越不可能是对的，越找不到的词越可能要选上

4.双胞胎型选项中间肯定有一个是要选的，看起来不像的(找不到关键词)的可能性会大一些，错误的那个一般会跟文章很像

5.段落短的时候需要全读，读不懂就看例子。

6.做选项的时候可以依据下面的clue。比如时间关系：past，present，future。科技发明发展史七段论：introduction，definition，history，mechanism，application，drawback，future

7.首末段对应，特别是时间关系的。

8.数字对数字，如果heading里面出现statistics和statistical等词的时候找很多数字的段，时间对时间，heading里面出现时间就去找时间段(比如past对应出现1982的段落)，百分比对百分比(都出现了百分比)，金钱对金钱。Commercial，financial，funding，business，subsidies，pension等词就是在谈金钱(老外一般不直接谈钱)，heading谈钱了(出现上述词)，则在文章找出现金钱数字的段落。(ps, multiple choice里面谈钱的选项一般可以直接去掉，因为老外不谈钱)

Multiple choice tips:

1. 时间不够全C法

2. D选项一般是混淆项

Completion tips:

1.雅思填空题的风格是文中有这个词才能填出来，如果文中没有这个词，不能生创词填写。

Matching 之人物+理论matching tips:

1.在人名第一次出现的地方画上横线，并在旁边写下首字母的缩写

2.出现频率越高，理论越多

3.如果某一段没有名字，但有引号，那就是上一段的人的理论

4.先看题，并提取关键字，然后去文章中在人物周围找关键词，锁定理论

5.一个人最多只能有3个理论

6.人物出现的顺序肯定是按照文章的段落顺序来的，要相信这一点。

Summary tips：

1.对于比较简单的出题(带词库的)，利用语法，根据词性就可以进行选择。但是如果语法不行的话(比如一个空该填名词，但是有三个名词，该填那个?)这时候需要用到逻辑，因为有的单词填出来不合逻辑。

2.有的题目中题库里面的词可能可以使用一次以上。

3.如果词库全部是形容词，则站队—即选择态度即可解决。全部是名词的词库比较难做，几乎不可能通过语法做出来。

4.超级无敌括号法：不带词库型的summary一般要求字数不能超，这时候如果多了一个the，但去掉又会损伤语法的话，可以将the用括号括起来，这就是超级无敌括号法。

雅思考试阅读模拟试题及答案解析

Time to cool it

1 REFRIGERATORS are the epitome of clunky technology: solid, reliable and just a little bit dull. They have not changed much over the past century, but then they have not needed to. They are based on a robust and effective idea--draw heat from the thing you want to cool by evaporating a liquid next to it, and then dump that heat by pumping the vapour elsewhere and condensing it. This method of pumping heat from one place to another served mankind well when refrigerators' main jobs were preserving food and, as air conditioners, cooling buildings. Today's high-tech world, however, demands high-tech refrigeration. Heat pumps are no longer up to the job. The search is on for something to replace them.

2 One set of candidates are known as paraelectric materials. These act like batteries when they undergo a temperature change: attach electrodes to them and they generate a current. This effect is used in infra-red cameras. An array of tiny pieces of paraelectric material can sense the heat radiated by, for example, a person, and the pattern of the array's electrical outputs can then be used to construct an image. But until recently no one had bothered much with the inverse of this process. That inverse exists, however. Apply an appropriate current to a paraelectric material and it will cool down.

3 Someone who is looking at this inverse effect is Alex Mischenko, of Cambridge University. Using commercially available paraelectric film, he and his colleagues have generated temperature drops five times bigger than any previously recorded. That may be enough to change the phenomenon from a laboratory curiosity to something with commercial applications.

4 As to what those applications might be, Dr Mischenko is still a little hazy. He has, nevertheless, set up a company to pursue them. He foresees putting his discovery to use in more efficient domestic fridges and air conditioners. The real money, though, may be in cooling computers.

5 Gadgets containing microprocessors have been getting hotter for a long time. One consequence of Moore's Law, which describes the doubling of the number of transistors on a chip every 18 months, is that the amount of heat produced doubles as well. In fact, it more than doubles, because besides increasing in number, the components are getting faster. Heat is released every time a logical operation is performed inside a microprocessor, so the faster the processor is, the more heat it generates. Doubling the frequency quadruples the heat output. And the frequency has doubled a lot. The first Pentium chips sold by Dr Moore's company, Intel, in 1993, ran at 60m cycles a second. The Pentium 4--the last "single-core" desktop processor--clocked up 3.2 billion cycles a second.

6 Disposing of this heat is a big obstruction to further miniaturisation and higher speeds. The innards of a desktop computer commonly hit 80℃. At 85℃, they stop working. Tweaking the processor's heat sinks (copper or aluminium boxes designed to radiate heat away) has reached its limit. So has tweaking the fans that circulate air over those heat sinks. And the idea of shifting from single-core processors to systems that divided processing power between first two, and then four, subunits, in order to spread the thermal load, also seems to have the end of the road in sight.

7 One way out of this may be a second curious physical phenomenon, the thermoelectric effect. Like paraelectric materials, this generates electricity from a heat source and produces cooling from an electrical source. Unlike paraelectrics, a significant body of researchers is already working on it.

8 The trick to a good thermoelectric material is a crystal structure in which electrons can flow freely, but the path of phonons--heat-carrying vibrations that are larger than electrons--is constantly interrupted. In practice, this trick is hard to pull off, and thermoelectric materials are thus less efficient than paraelectric ones (or, at least, than those examined by Dr Mischenko). Nevertheless, Rama Venkatasubramanian, of Nextreme Thermal Solutions in North Carolina, claims to have made thermoelectric refrigerators that can sit on the back of computer chips and cool hotspots by 10℃. Ali Shakouri, of the University of California, Santa Cruz, says his are even smaller--so small that they can go inside the chip.

9 The last word in computer cooling, though, may go to a system even less techy than a heat pump--a miniature version of a car radiator. Last year Apple launched a personal computer that is cooled by liquid that is pumped through little channels in the processor, and thence to a radiator, where it gives up its heat to the atmosphere. To improve on this, IBM's research laboratory in Zurich is experimenting with tiny jets that stir the liquid up and thus make sure all of it eventually touches the outside of the channel--the part where the heat exchange takes place. In the future, therefore, a combination of microchannels and either thermoelectrics or paraelectrics might cool computers. The old, as it were, hand in hand with the new.

雅思考试阅读模拟试题及答案

Questions 1-5　　Complete each of the following statements with the scientist or company name from the box below.

Write the appropriate letters A-F in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.

A. Apple

B. IBM

C. Intel

D. Alex Mischenko

E. Ali Shakouri

F. Rama Venkatasubramanian

1. ...and his research group use paraelectric film available from the market to produce cooling.

2. ...sold microprocessors running at 60m cycles a second in 1993.

3. ...says that he has made refrigerators which can cool the hotspots of computer chips by 10℃.

4. ...claims to have made a refrigerator small enough to be built into a computer chip.

5. ...attempts to produce better cooling in personal computers by stirring up liquid with tiny jets to make sure maximum heat exchange.

Questions 6-9　　Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage?

In boxes 6-9 on your answer sheet write

TRUE if the statement is true according to the passage

FALSE if the statement is false according to the passage

NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage

6. Paraelectric materials can generate a current when electrodes are attached to them.

7. Dr. Mischenko has successfully applied his laboratory discovery to manufacturing more efficient referigerators.

8. Doubling the frequency of logical operations inside a microprocessor doubles the heat output.

9. IBM will achieve better computer cooling by combining microchannels with paraelectrics.

Question 10　　Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in box 10 on your answer sheet.

10. Which method of disposing heat in computers may have a bright prospect?

A. Tweaking the processors?heat sinks.

B. Tweaking the fans that circulate air over the processor抯 heat sinks.

C. Shifting from single-core processors to systems of subunits.

D. None of the above.

Questions 11-14　　Complete the notes below.

Choose one suitable word from the Reading Passage above for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.

Traditional refrigerators use...11...pumps to drop temperature. At present, scientists are searching for other methods to produce refrigeration, especially in computer microprocessors....12...materials have been tried to generate temperature drops five times bigger than any previously recorded. ...13...effect has also been adopted by many researchers to cool hotspots in computers. A miniature version of a car ...14... may also be a system to realize ideal computer cooling in the future.

Key and Explanations:

1. D

See Paragraph 3: ...Alex Mischenko, of Cambridge University. Using commercially available paraelectric film, he and his colleagues have generated temperature drops...

2. C

See Paragraph 5: The first Pentium chips sold by Dr Moore's company, Intel, in 1993, ran at 60m cycles a second.

3. F

See Paragraph 8: ...Rama Venkatasubramanian, of Nextreme Thermal Solutions in North Carolina, claims to have made thermoelectric refrigerators that can sit on the back of computer chips and cool hotspots by 10℃.

4. E

See Paragraph 8: Ali Shakouri, of the University of California, Santa Cruz, says his are even smaller梥o small that they can go inside the chip.

5. B

See Paragraph 9: To improve on this, IBM's research laboratory in Zurich is experimenting with tiny jets that stir the liquid up and thus make sure all of it eventually touches the outside of the channel--the part where the heat exchange takes place.

6. TRUE

See Paragraph 2: ...paraelectric materials. These act like batteries when they undergo a temperature change: attach electrodes to them and they generate a current.

7. FALSE

See Paragraph 3 (That may be enough to change the phenomenon from a laboratory curiosity to something with commercial applications. ) and Paragraph 4 (As to what those applications might be, Dr Mischenko is still a little hazy. He has, nevertheless, set up a company to pursue them. He foresees putting his discovery to use in more efficient domestic fridges?

8. FALSE

See Paragraph 5: Heat is released every time a logical operation is performed inside a microprocessor, so the faster the processor is, the more heat it generates. Doubling the frequency quadruples the heat output.

9. NOT GIVEN

See Paragraph 9: In the future, therefore, a combination of microchannels and either thermoelectrics or paraelectrics might cool computers.

10. D

See Paragraph 6: Tweaking the processor's heat sinks ?has reached its limit. So has tweaking the fans that circulate air over those heat sinks. And the idea of shifting from single-core processors to systems?also seems to have the end of the road in sight.

11. heat

See Paragraph 1: Today's high-tech world, however, demands high-tech refrigeration. Heat pumps are no longer up to the job. The search is on for something to replace them.

12. paraelectric

See Paragraph 3: Using commercially available paraelectric film, he and his colleagues have generated temperature drops five times bigger than any previously recorded.

13. thermoelectric

See Paragraph 7: ...the thermoelectric effect. Like paraelectric materials, this generates electricity from a heat source and produces cooling from an electrical source. Unlike paraelectrics, a significant body of researchers is already working on it.

14. radiator

See Paragraph 9: The last word in computer cooling, though, may go to a system even less techy than a heat pump--a miniature version of a car radiator.

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