雅思写作5.5&6.5分深度分析
推荐文章
在很多学生和家长看来,雅思写作似乎是听说读写四项里面最让孩子感到痛苦和无力的一部分。下面小编就和大家分享雅思写作5.5&6.5分深度分析,希望能够帮助到大家,来欣赏一下吧。
雅思写作5.5&6.5分深度分析
5.5分学生的“尴尬”
对于考了无数次却仍无法上6的学生而言,我猜想他们已经身心俱疲。5.5分是一个很尴尬的分数,可以证明学生已经具备了基本的语言能力,但同时也证明语言能力掌握的还只是一般。阻碍他们达到6分的因素很多,总的来说是各方面的基础都不够扎实和牢固。
对于四项评分标准:Task Achievement(写作任务回应情况),Coherence and Cohesion(连贯与衔接),Lexical Resource(语言资源)和 Grammatical Range and Accuracy(语法多样性及准确性),学生似乎都有意识地去靠近,但仍需要很大程度的完善。
1 较弱的词汇和语法这一类的学生往往基础较弱,学习的自主性比较差,相对惰性较强,不喜欢背单词。所以词汇基本停留在初高中水平,语言相对口语化,缺少书面化的词汇和语言。
语法错误也较多,比如:动名词做主语,主谓一致,连接词的使用等等,都是他们明明知道,却总出问题的地方。我曾经问过学生,为什么讲过不止一次的语法点,还是记不住会再次犯错,他们给我的答案总结成四个字就是:顾此失彼。
可以理解,因为人的注意力和精力是有限的,而当他对需要完成一件事的各个方面都不很熟悉和熟练的时候,他当然分身乏术。所以,对于5.5分段的学生在词汇和语法的建议是,夯实基础,做到相关词汇烂熟于胸,基本语法信手拈来,才能为内容打好基础。
2“无话可说”说到内容,就涉及到第一项评分标准:题目回应,这也是5.5分学生致命的弱点。回应题目不仅包括对题目内容本身的回应,也包括论据对论点的回应,论据要能充分证明论点。我发现这类的学生在论据展开比较困难,典型的特征就是“车轱辘话来回说”,绞尽脑汁却只停留在重复论点,缺少解释性的语言。
对于这种情况,学生可以尝试使用多种论证方法,比如因果论证,举例论证和对比论证,都是有效的扩展内容的方法。
比如,远程教育的好处,论点是It is time and energy saving.(它是省时省力的)。论证的部分,可以先解释其原因:Because students do not need to leave home, it can save much time on commuting from home to school. (因为学生不需要出门,省掉了从家到学 校的交通上的时间)。
接下来可以举例子:Especially for those students who live far from school,it can save massive time in rush hour. (尤其对于那些住的离学校 比较远的学生来说, 在交通高峰期的时候可以节省大量时间)。
最后可以用一个对比论证的方法,拿对方的缺点来进一步证明其本身的优点,就像“别人家孩子”的道理:By contrast, personally attending a school tends to cost students valuable time which should be used to have more rest or study. (相反,亲自去学校上学会花费学生很多宝贵的时间,那 些时间本应该用来休息或者学习的)。这样一来的话,内容就有了,文章就不会显得那么干枯了。
3跳跃的逻辑5.5分的学生在逻辑性也是存在很大问题的。文章往往是内容过于跳跃,想当然的以为考官可以理解自己所说的话,而减少了必要的解释。在这里要提醒大家,每个人之间都存在文化差异和思维差异,你没说到的,考官未必可以联想到。所以一定要句句衔接,解释清楚,切忌一概而论,内容跳跃。
第二种情况就是,学生不习惯使用逻辑连接词,使得文章读起来断断续续,缺乏流畅性。这就要求学生能适当使用连接词,这不仅能使文章读起来少了些障碍,也会使你在使用的过程中有意识的去注意两句话之间的内在逻辑,进一步保障的文章的逻辑性。
6.5分学生的难
关对于6.5的学生而言, 7分一直是他们的困扰。与5.5分学生稀松的基本功不同,他们已经是实际意义上的“学霸”,拥有足够的甚至惊人的词汇储备,并且可以游刃有余地使用各种复杂句。但最终还是败给了0.5分的差距。同样从雅思写作评分标准入手, 看看到底问题出在哪里,哪里需要提高。
这一类学生的主要问题反映在第一、三、四项。即“任务反馈”、“语言资源”、和“语法范围准确度”三个方面。
1词汇或语法影响了文章流畅性
这一类的学生最喜欢堆砌较难的词汇来提升文章的水平,但有些时候学生并没有理解某些词汇的真正用法和恰当语境导致使用的不准确,或者过多地使用连续的形容词或者副词,导致了文章阅读上的障碍,这都是大忌。句式过于复杂和繁琐影响考官阅读也是非常不可取的。一句话不要太长,有一到两个逗号就可以了。过多的断句无法很好的保证内容的完整性,同时连贯性一项评分也受到影响。
2论证不够充分
第二个误区就是忽视了内容本身。评分标准里Task Achievement这一项中对于7分的要求是这样的:“presents, extends and supports main ideas”(呈现、发展主要论点并就其进行论证),要有充分有力的论证过程来支撑你的论点。
也就是说读完你的文章之后考官确实觉得你的论点 profound and reasonable(深刻且有道理)。论据部分学生应大量阐述得出论点的原因,并呈现表述原因的语言,而不是仅对现象进行陈述。
例如,题目Some people think governments should focus on reducing environmental pollution and housing problems to help people prevent illness and disease. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2015.10.10) (一些人认为政府应该集中解决环境和住房问题来防止人们生病,你同意还是不同意?)
先来看看看学生的呈现:
Contaminants in air and water have directly influenced the health of individuals. This is especially the case for developing countries whose governments give priorities to economic development at the cost of deterioration of natural environment, and even children have formed the habit to wear masks in a smog-filled day before stepping out the doors.空气和水污染对人们的健康有直接的影响。这在发展中国家是尤其严重的,他们优先发展经济而以自然环境的恶化为代价,孩子们都养成了在雾霾天出门之前戴口罩的习惯。
这一段没有解释清楚为什么解决了环境问题人们就不会生病。相关的语言只有第一句,而后面都在陈述如今的环境是怎么被污染的和污染的严重程度,可是和疾病之间的联系去哪里了呢?很显然,论点不能很好的被证明。这是很多高分学生做的不够充分的地方,单看学生的词汇和语法已经达到了7分的水平,可是却败给了内容。
针对正面:政府应该解决环境问题和住房问题来防止人们生病。我们要解释原因,也就是说为什么解决了住房问题和环境问题就能使人不生病了。首先必须建立“环境问题和住房问题”与“生病”之前的联系,比如空气污染和水污染会产生有毒气体和有害物质,人们吸入或者喝入会导致人们生病。之后再扣到论点上,如果这个问题被解决了,疾病就不会产生了。这样解释,这个论点才能被证明是成立的。
根据以上分析,虽然最终得分为四项评分标准取平均分,但是作为输出类考试,沟通表意是语言最基本的作用。一篇文章如果在与考官思想互动上失败,反而过于追求词藻和形式的华丽是得不偿失的。对于这类学生,我建议一定要改变之前的思维定式,不一定难词难句用的越多越好,一定要回归内容本身。考官更希望看到的是一个观点明确,论点主流,论证深刻,逻辑清晰的文章。
想对每一个在被写作折磨的“烤鸭”说,写作看似深奥无规律可循,实际上也是由一个个“套路”组成的。建议同学们都能去研究一下官方的评分标准,做到知己知彼才能更好的备战和应战。
雅思作文开头九大方法
雅思作文开头方法1、通过媒体报道把问题呈现在读者面前,引发思考
例如在写关于该不该禁烟的话题时,可以这样开头:
A recent study conducted by Zhongshan University has found that the number of smokers has been increasing sharply over the pastfive years. Research findings also reveal that the incidence of smoking-related conditions has soared. As a result, the ban on smoking has been in the spotlight.
中山大学最近做的一个研究表明,在过去五年里,吸烟人数急剧上升。研究结果同时显示,吸烟导致的疾病发病率也急剧增长。因此,禁烟成为一个热点话题。这个开头通过媒体报道把问题呈现在读者面前,从而引出吸烟比例急剧上升造成的危害,引发读者思考。
雅思作文开头方法2、提出有争议性的问题,激发读者兴趣,使其积极参与讨论
例如在写到警察是否应该持枪这篇文章时作者说:
If police in the U.K. are able to go without guns and not have crime getting completely out of control then they have already set a fine example that other countries should follow. The fact that they are able to do this is an indication of their ability to control the flow of guns to the general populace and this makes citizens safer than anything else. To a civilian, taking guns away from criminals is more important than giving them to police.
提出这个有争议的话题,激发读者的兴趣,使读者积极参与到讨论中来,让大家各抒己见进行讨论。
雅思作文开头方法3、引起读者兴趣的话题
例如在写关于体罚的话题文章时,采用这样一个开头:
It is reported that a boy in Zhuhai was beaten to death by his father on Father' Day. Ample evidence also shows that children who are frequently abused by their parents or teachers tend to be introverted, pessimistic, indifferent and even world-weary. Recently, there has arisen a fierce argument on whether corporal punishment should be abolished. Teachers, parents and experts take diverse attitudes towards this issue.
据报道,在父亲节那天,珠海有个小男孩被爸爸打死了。充分的证据也显示,经常遭父母或老师虐待的小孩往往比较内向、悲观、冷漠甚至厌世。近来,关于是否应该废除体罚出现了一场激烈的争论,老师、家长和专家各执一词。
当读者看到这个话题时产生了浓厚的兴趣进而引起了对这件事情的思考。
雅思作文开头方法4、呈现该话题正反方的观点
例如在写到男性和女性谁可以做更好的父母时可以这样开头:
At the mere mention of women governing the world, most of us may naturally form an unrealistic picture of a more peaceful world where the sun always shines. The other side of the picture, however, is just to the opposite.
在开头提出两种不同的观点,不同的读者可以根据自己对问题的看法进行思考,从而引发读者的探究心理,进一步思考这个问题从而得出结论。
雅思作文开头方法5、引用名人名言、谚语等作为文章的开头
例如在写到先天跟后天哪一个更重要时,“Genius is two percent inspiration and ninety-eight percent perspiration” is the opinion held by Edison. This remark has been confirmed time and again by more and more people.
“天才是百分之二的灵感,百分之九十八的汗水”是爱迪生的观点,而且反复被越来越多的人所证实,通过引用名人名言揭示了文章的主题,为下文很好地做了铺垫。
雅思作文开头方法6、对将要讨论的话题进行定义
例如在写到Globalization时:
Globalization-the international spread of products, ideas and information-is bringing the world closer together. But globalization is not a new concept. For thousands of years, nations have roamed the earth in search of new markets and new sources of raw materials for their own industries.
关于"全球化"这个名词,考生并不陌生,但是如何用合理的语言来赋予它一个含义,这并非易事,上述的引言段就很好地做到了这一点,先是从字面上诠释了"全球化"的定义,进而又从实际生活角度赋予了它另外一层含义。
雅思作文开头方法7、追根溯源法
即从题目给出的话题中找出这个现象产生的原因来扩展背景句。这种方法适合大多数的话题。例如There are social, medical and technical problems associated with the use of mobile phones. What forms do they take? Do you agree that the problems outweigh the benefits of mobilephone?
这个题目中给出的话题是mobile phone, 所以考生可以从它产生的原因来考虑,就是科技的繁荣,而科技的繁荣,手机的广泛使用是在20世纪末,这样背景句就有内容可写了。当然要通过相应的句型来写,这个背景句就可以写成:
The late 20th century witnessed the boom of science and technology, which gave rise to a series of technological innovations, including the mobile phone.
再比如另外一道题目:
Nowadays, some universities offer students skills that assist them to find employment, but some people believe that the main function of a university should be to provide students with access to knowledge for its sake. What is your opinion?
这题要求大家讨论大学是提供职业技能还是传授知识。从传统观点来看,大学是传授知识的地方,为什么会提出要传授技能呢?所以这里考生也可以用追根溯源法思考一下,大家肯定可以想到是由于找工作已经成为当今教育的目的之一了,所以很多大学就转移到以传授技能为主了。
As job-hunting has become one of the main purposes of university education,the majority of the universities tend to offer vocational trainings to prepare the students for their future career.
雅思作文开头方法8、重述法
即对关于这个话题的当前现状的重述。
请看一例:
Nowadays, people are facing more and more work-related stress. State the possible reasons for this phenomenon and make some recommendations about how to combat it.
本题的话题关于压力,那考生可从当前社会现象来考虑这个问题,考生不难想出当下对压力这一现象的情况,即很多人都在承受着或多或少的压力。可用it is generally believed that … 形式主语的句型。
参考: It is generally believed that white-collar as well as blue-collars workers are suffering from psychological and physical stress stemming from work.
再看一例:
Environmental problem is too big for individual countries and individual people to address. In other words, we have reached the stage where the only way to protect the environment is at an international level. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
本题话题为环境问题,考生也可用重述法对当前环境问题进行重述,这时,可以用In modern society/ At present, 等表时间的介词短语来引导一个叙述句型。
参考:In modern society, environment related issues have confronted ecological scientists, government agencies and the general public.
雅思作文开头方法9、定义法
即通过对话题词的定义的介绍,这种方法有一定难度,考生需要有渊博的知识,才能做到对名词的解释,但对特别明显的词语,考生可借鉴这种方法。
请看一例:
The main purpose of public libraries is to provide books and they should not waste their limited resources and space on providing expensive hi-tech media such as computer software, videos and DVDs. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
本题中的话题词为图书馆,可以解释的词也是图书馆比较方便容易。那么到底如何解释呢,比如说图书馆在传统意义上来看,是收藏书的地方,而现在因为科技发展,使得图书馆的意义发生改变,从而引出话题。这里同样可以用形式主语:
It is generally believed that public libraries are places with a large collection of books; however, the digital time has given .it a new means of storing and retrieving information.
雅思写作常用黄金总结句
雅思写作黄金总结句之1.表示原因
1)There are three reasons for this.
2)The reasons for this are as follows.
3)The reason for this is obvious.
4)The reason for this is not far to seek.
5)The reason for this is that...
雅思写作黄金总结句之2.表示好处
1)It has the following advantages.
2)It does us a lot of good.
3)It benefits us quite a lot.
4)It is of great benefit to us.
雅思写作黄金总结句之3.表示坏处
1)It has more disadvantages than advantages.
2)It does us much harm.
3)It is harmful to us.
雅思写作黄金总结句之4.表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能
1)It is important(necessary,difficult,convenient,possible)for sb.to do sth.
2)We think it necessary to do sth.
3)It plays an important role in our life.
雅思写作黄金总结句之5.表示措施
1)We should take some effective measures.
2)We should try our best to overcome(conquer)the difficulties.
3)We should do our utmost in doing sth.
4)We should solve the problems that we are confronted(faced)with.
雅思写作黄金总结句之6.表示变化
1)Some changes have taken place in the past five years.
2)A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications.
3)The computer has brought about many changes in education.
雅思写作黄金总结句之7.表示事实、现状
1)No one can deny the fact that...
2)There is no denying the fact that...
3)This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.
4)However,that’s not the case.
雅思写作黄金总结句之8.表示比较
1)There is a striking contrast between them.
雅思写作黄金总结句之9.表示数量
1)It has increased(decreased)from...to...
2)The population in this city has now increased(decreased)to 800,000.
3)The output of July in this factory increased by 15%compared with that of January.
雅思写作黄金总结句之10.表示看法
1)People have(take,adopt,assume)different attitudes towards sth.
2)People have different opinions on this problem.
3)People take different views of(on)the question.
4)Some people believe that...Others argue that...