托福阅读说明文题材详细解析实例分析

托福阅读文章题材众多，而其中说明文是比较高频的一种文章题材。由于说明文大多涉及到一些对大部分考生来说比较枯燥的内容，下面小编就和大家分享托福阅读说明文题材详细解析实例分析,希望能够帮助到大家，来欣赏一下吧。

托福阅读说明文题材详细解析实例分析 从结构开始学习解题思路

托福阅读说明文结构讲解

一般而言，托福阅读中的说明文会说明某个现象，文章的第一段是：介绍背景及引出下文;之后的主体段，结构也很清晰：主旨句Topic sentence + 解释句Explain + 举例子Examples + 总结句Summary。 其实跟我们高考语文有异曲同工之妙。下面来看实例解析：

官方真题Official-19 The Roman Army's Impact on Britain

In the wake of the Roman Empire's conquest of Britain in the first century A.D., a large number of troops stayed in the new province, and these troops had a considerable impact on Britain with their camps, fortifications, and participation in the local economy. Assessing the impact of the army on the civilian population starts from the realization that the soldiers were always unevenly distributed across the country. Areas rapidly incorporated into the empire were not long affected by the military. Where the army remained stationed, its presence was much more influential. The imposition of a military base involved the requisition of native lands for both the fort and the territory needed to feed and exercise the soldiers' animals. The imposition of military rule also robbed local leaders of opportunities to participate in local government, so social development was stunted and the seeds of disaffection sown. This then meant that the military had to remain to suppress rebellion and organize government.

留下 these troops had a considerable impact on Britain;也就是第一句说的是罗马军队对英国有影响。这句话相当于对题目的阐述，交代了文章的整个大背景。 之后2～4句其实交代前提，开始具体的说开，要估算军队对平民的影响首先要了解一个事实：士兵不是平均分布的。那既然不是平均分布，肯定是有多有少的。所以，第三句接着说了有些地方士兵少：很快融入帝国的区域;第四句说有些地方士兵多影响大：军队驻扎的地方。第5～7句说回重点，也就是what，到底有哪些影响：军营先要征地;然后会抢走当地领导参与政府的机会;之后社会发展受阻，人民不满而反抗，最后军事镇压。

首段的第一句话，虽然句子很长，但其实只需要抓住结构层次进行分析就能找到阅读重点。

所以总共7句话的段落，分层三个层次，主旨句+前提说明+重点阐述。事实上，段落第一句就完成了background+introduction双重目的：英国被罗马帝国征服+ 士兵的营地/防御工事以及参与当地经济所造成的影响。

Economic exchange was clearly very important as the Roman army brought with it very substantial spending power. …… Such activities had a major effect on the local area, in particular with the construction of infrastructure such as roads, which improved access to remote areas.

第二段一开始就交代了经济交换的影响：强大的购买力，以及帮助修建基础设施。

Each soldier received his pay, but in regions without a developed economy there was initially little on which it could be spent. …… These settlements acted like small towns, becoming centers for the artisan and trading populations.

第三段还是在讲经济：刚来的时候士兵有钱没地方花;最后军队驻扎地变成了小镇。

The army also provided a mean of personal advancement for auxiliary soldiers recruited from the native peoples, as a man obtained hereditary Roman citizenship on retirement after service in an auxiliary regiment. …… By the later Roman period, frontier garrisons (groups of soldiers) were only rarely transferred, service in units became effectively hereditary, and forts were no longer populated or maintained at full strength.

第四段开始讲另一个重大影响：当地人通过当兵获得可继承的罗马公民地位。

This process of settling in as a community over several generations, combined with local recruitment, presumably accounts for the apparent stability of the British northern frontier in the later Roman period. It also explains why some of the forts continued in occupation long after Rome ceased to have any formal authority in Britain, at the beginning of the fifth century A.D. The circumstances that had allowed natives to become Romanized also led the self-sustaining military community of the frontier area to become effectively British.

第五段，做了个小总结，讲这种融合过程及当地招募促进了北部边境的稳定。

通过上文实例讲解，相信大家对于托福阅读说明文的基本结构和解题思路也有了一定了解。之后大家在通过一些练习加深对说明文的认识和解题方法，以后面对这类高频阅读文章类型就能顺利解答确保得分了。

托福阅读：词汇题分析整理

例题1 Passage:

“In the animal world the task of moving about is fulfilled in many ways. For some animals locomotion isaccomplished by changes in body shape…” The word locomotion in the passage is closest in meaning to

A.evolution

B.movement

C.survival

D.escape

正确答案是B。

例题2 Passage:

“Some poisonous snake bites need to be treated immediately or the victim will suffer paralysis…” In stating that the victim will suffer paralysis the author means that the victim will

A.lose the ability to move

B.become unconscious

C.undergo shock

D.feel great pain

正确答案是A。

托福阅读：易混淆的词组

1) quite 相当 quiet 安静地

2) affect v 影响, 假装 effect n 结果, 影响

3) adapt 适应 adopt 采用 adept 内行

4) angel 天使 angle 角度

5) dairy 牛奶厂 diary 日记

6) contend 奋斗, 斗争 content 内容, 满足的 context 上下文 contest 竞争, 比赛

7) principal 校长, 主要的 principle 原则

8) implicit 含蓄的 explicit 明白的

9) dessert 甜食 desert 沙漠 v 放弃 dissert 写论文

10) pat 轻拍 tap 轻打 slap 掌击 rap 敲，打

11) decent 正经的 descent n 向下, 血统 descend v 向下

12) sweet 甜的 sweat 汗水

13) later 后来 latter 后者 latest 最近的 lately adv 最近

14) costume 服装 custom 习惯

15) extensive 广泛的 intensive 深刻的

16) aural 耳的 oral 口头的

17) abroad 国外 aboard 上(船，飞机)

18) altar 祭坛 alter 改变

19) assent 同意 ascent 上升 accent 口音

20) champion 冠军 champagne 香槟酒 campaign 战役

21) baron 男爵 barren 不毛之地的 barn 古仓

22) beam 梁， 光束 bean 豆 been have 过去式

23) precede 领先 proceed 进行，继续

24) pray 祈祷 prey 猎物

25) chicken 鸡 kitchen 厨房

26) monkey 猴子 donkey 驴

27) chore 家务活 chord 和弦 cord 细绳

28) cite 引用 site 场所 sight 视觉

29) clash (金属)幢击声 crash 碰幢，坠落 crush 压坏

30) compliment 赞美 complement 附加物

31) confirm 确认 conform 使顺从

32) contact 接触 contract 合同 contrast 对照

33) council 议会 counsel 忠告 consul 领事

34) crow 乌鸦 crown 王冠 clown 小丑 cow 牛

35) dose 一剂药 doze 打盹

36) drawn draw 过去分词 drown 溺水