托福阅读备考从词汇到文章全方位学习攻略分享

备考托福阅读除了进行足够的实际练习外，考生还需要结合阅读解题的各个细节环节进行针对性地训练，今天小编给大家来托福阅读备考从词汇到文章全方位学习攻略分享，希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

托福阅读备考从词汇到文章全方位学习攻略分享

托福阅读全方位备考攻略：积累陌生单词词组

看似很简单，其实落实起来比较困难，这是因为很多句子在通过从句的叠加之后会变得较为复杂，再联合起生词词组一起上阵，往往会迷惑住不少考生，查完生词再查词组，有时一个段落就能够整理总结出不少内容，比较耗时，也很需要体力的支撑，更需要有毅力作为辅助条件。不同于泛读或针对答题的迅速扫读，精读需要大家达到的是对特定字眼、特定语句的精细化理解，根据每个同学的强迫症程度不同，精细化的整理也会有所不同。

托福阅读全方位备考攻略：抄写并背诵长难句

分析语句中的主干及逻辑，熟悉句型。大家不要觉得抄写就一定要抄特别难的句子。只要是考生自己喜欢的句子就可以抄，比如地质学相关的文章中就有不少长难句，大家看到就可以抄写一下：Glaciers are slowly moving massesof ice that have accumulated on land in areas where more snowfalls during ayear than melts. Snow falls as hexagonal crystals, but once on the ground, snowis soon transformed into a compacted mass of smaller, rounded grains. As theair space around them is lessened by compaction and melting, the grains becomedenser. With further melting, refreezing, and increased weight from newer snowfallabove, the snow reaches a granular recrystallized stage intermediate betweenflakes and ice known as firn. With additional time, pressure, and refrozenmeltwater from above, the small firn granules become larger, interlockedcrystals of blue glacial ice. When the ice is thick enough, usually over 30meters, the weight of the snow and firn will cause the ice crystals toward thebottom to become plastic and to flow outward or downward from the area of snowaccumulation.

这样的句子抄多了积累多了大家就会发现，跟过程相关的信息是有自己的一定特点的，比如总有一大串动词出现(transform, lessen, melt, refreeze,reach, interlock, cause… )，比如总有很多的顺承连接词等等，小编就不在这里赘述了，大家自己自己去发掘总结。

托福阅读全方位备考攻略：通读全段分析概括大意

相信这一步对于大家来讲并非难事，我们只需要知道段落的首句通常是主题句，而在掌握了倒三角式的段落总分结构之后，基本上某个语段要说啥我们是能够提炼出来的;值得注意的事情是，如果段首句之后出现了明显的特指链接词，又或者出现了强转折词，那么段落的主旨很有可能已经后置;这个时候就需要我们对于文本中的句子具备更强的耐心，找到作者真正要传达的东西了。

比如，The contribution of geothermal energyto the world's energy future is difficult to estimate. Geothermal energy is ina sense not renewable, because in most cases the heat would be drawn out of areservoir much more rapidly than it would be replaced by the very slowgeological processes by which heat flows through solid rock into a heatreservoir. However, in many places (for example, California, Hawaii, thePhilippines, Japan, Mexico, the rift valleys of Africa)the resource ispotentially so large that its future will depend on the economics ofproduction. At present, we can make efficient use of only naturally occurringhot water or steam deposits. Although the potential is enormous, it is likelythat in the near future geothermal energy can make important localcontributions only where the resource is close to the user and the economicsare favorable, as they are in California, New Zealand, and Iceland. Geothermalenergy probably will not make large-scale contributions to the world energybudget until well into the twenty-first century, if ever.

作者究竟想强调什么信息?是想重点说地热能量很难评估吗?还是想说虽然潜能很大但最终取决于其经济效益?相信大家都能够分析出是后者。转折词未必出现在第二句的开头，这才是我们在分析段落主旨的时候需要注意的，如果不够敏感，很有可能将其遗漏掉，那么无论是在答修辞目的题还是在答主旨题方面，都会受到影响。

托福阅读备考之长难句分析：生物多样化

Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity，the number of species in a particular ecosystem，to the health of the Earth and human well-being.

(倒装coincident with concerns…has been…=…has been coincident with concerns…)

【译句】在对物种和动物栖息地加速消失表示关注的同时，人们也越来越认识到生物多样化，即一个特定生态系统中物种的数量对地球的健康以及人类幸福的重要性。

此句是完全倒装句，谓语动词是 has been，真正的主语是has been 后面的内容。Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats是表语。

原来的正常语序是： A growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity，the number of species in a particular ecosystem，to the health of the Earth and human well-being has been coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats

其中 the number of species in a particular ecosystem 是插入语，作为同位语出现，用来解释说明biological diversity。

在这句话真正的主语中有一个 " the importance of A to B" 的结构，应该翻译为“A对B的重要性”。 原句中就是 "the importance of biological diversity to the health of the Earth and human well-being " 叫做“生物多样性对于地球和人类幸福健康的重要性"。

托福阅读备考之长难句分析：天然维生素

托福阅读长难句：怀孕鱼龙群

There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones，that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs，that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like.

(并列同位语从句reports that…，that…，that…)

关于天然维生素优于人造维生素，受精蛋比未受精蛋的营养价值更高，未经熏蒸消毒处理的谷物比经过处理的好等等报道屡见不鲜，但都没有得到证实。

分句1：There are numerous unsubstantiated reports

分句2：that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones

分句3：that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs

分句4：that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like

分句1是整个长句的主句，分句2、分句3和分句4是并列关系，共同构成分句1的同位语从句。本句的意思是有很多没有经过证实的报道，然后并列了三个未经过证实的报道的从句。

托福阅读备考之长难句分析：举行集会

The focus of life was the agora, the open marketplace where assemblies could be held and where issues of the day, as well as more fundamental topics such as the purpose of government or the relationship between law and freedom, could be discussed and decisions made by individuals in person. ( TPO43, 50)

assembly /ə'semblɪ/ n. 集合，集会;装配，安装

大家自己先读，不回读，看一遍是否能理解

The focus of life was the agora, (the open marketplace) (where assemblies could be held) and (where issues of the day, as well as more fundamental topics such as the purpose of government or the relationship between law and freedom, could be discussed and decisions made by individuals in person). ( TPO43, 50)

托福阅读长难句解析：

这个句子的主干就是：

The focus of life was the agora

修饰一：(the open marketplace) ，同位语

中文：开发的市场

修饰二：(where assemblies could be held) ，从句

中文：在那里可以举行集会

修饰三：(where issues of the day, as well as more fundamental topics such as the purpose of government or the relationship between law and freedom, could be discussed and decisions made by individuals in person) ，从句

其中还有一个插入语：

as well as more fundamental topics such as the purpose of government or the relationship between law and freedom

中文：在那里讨论当天的问题，以及像政府的目的或法律与自由的关系这样的基本问题，并且每个人都做出自己的决定。

托福阅读长难句参考翻译：

生活的焦点是集会，集会是一个开放的市场，在那里可以举行集会，在那里讨论当天的问题，以及像政府的目的或法律与自由的关系这样的基本问题，并且每个人都做出自己的决定。

这个句子的主要修饰成分就是从句、同位语和插入语，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。

托福阅读备考之长难句分析：城区土地扩展

托福阅读长难句：城区土地扩展

The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl.

(宾语从句what we now know as)

现在可以获得这些环绕几乎每个大城市边缘地区的土地，这一可能性激发了一场房地产开发的热潮并造成了我们现在称为城区无计划扩展的现象。

分句1：The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled

分句2：what we now know as urban sprawl

分句2嵌套在分句1里，即分句1是主句，分句2是宾语从句，主句结构经过精简应该是The new accessibility of land sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled urban sprawl.

整句话的谓语动词是 sparked 和 fueled, 两个并列的动词。

本句的理解困难还来自于抽象词fuel，它作为名词的含义广为人知，是能源、燃料，作为动词的时候的意思就可以引申为(供给燃料)激发，促使、造成。