托福阅读备考如何针对性准备词汇
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托福阅读备考如何针对性准备词汇?3大类常见话题汇总分析,今天小编给大家带来了托福阅读备考如何针对性准备词汇，希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
托福阅读备考如何针对性准备词汇?3大类常见话题汇总分析
提升托福阅读词汇要按照话题频率
虽然托福阅读文章选材类型众多，但其中大部分文章的阅读难度还是比较低的，而生词出现较为集中的文章也有迹可循。考生只要重点准备一些应对这类话题的词汇，在小编看来就能较为有效地解决阅读考试中遇到生词的问题。当然，对于学术性很强的专业词汇，一方面大家在记忆时也不用像记住其他核心词汇那样深度背诵，只要能够确保基本的辨识就可以了;另一方面如果词汇专业性太强，托福文章本身也会给出解释，一般以同位语形式直接紧跟在生词之后，或者以比较明显的方式在同段落的其它位置提供说明。所以，大家只需要适当记忆一些常见生词话题的术语词汇就可以了。
托福阅读3大话题常见词汇汇总分析
那么，托福阅读哪些话题的文章比较容易出现较多生词需要考生记忆呢?小编总结下来主要有这3类：
1. 气候生态环境类话题
这类话题因为如今见诸报端较多，涉及到濒危动物保护或者环境问题，所以是托福阅读话题中的常客，考生经常可以在做各类练习真题以及考试中遇到。而这个话题对应的词汇，比如unpredictable无法预测的，range幅度，extinction灭绝，endangered濒危，tropical热带，jungle丛林，equatorial赤道等等，大家都需要有所了解，收集好相关词汇。
2. 人类历史及考古学话题
这个话题最近几年也颇为受到托福考试的话题，选取自这个话题的托福阅读文章层出不穷。特别是涉及到历史的话题，具体文章内容实在太多，比如人类文化变迁，古代人类生活习惯等等。而一旦出现这种话题，很多相关词汇也常会让考生觉得头疼，毕竟对这类话题感兴趣的同学实在算不上多。这些词汇请大家适当了解一下：relics遗迹，remains遗迹，mausoleum陵墓，handicraft工艺品，territorial领土，civilization文明。
3. 地理天文学话题
这个话题因为比较生僻，一直以来都被托福考试拿来作为为难考生性质的文章。这类文章即使是看中文也往往很难理解，因此考生的答题正确率和完成度都是明显比较低的。有鉴于此，小编希望大家能够重点积累话题相关的词汇，以提升对文章的理解能力。常见词汇有：volcano火山，layer岩层，karst喀斯特地形，permeable可渗透，meteo陨石，asteroid小行星等等。
对于以上这些话题相关的词汇，小编建议大家能够重点准备。假如在备考中遇到涉及这些话题的文章，也希望大家能够认真研究看懂，特别是其中出现的一些词汇需要收集以后做简单记忆，如此才能确保在托福考试中不会因为遇到陌生话题的文章而影响理解和解题。
托福阅读素材：星巴克在中国的经典运营方法
Starbucks is planning a massive expansion in China over the next couple years that will nearly double its locations in the country. It might seem risky for a coffee company to expand so aggressively in a culture of tea-drinkers. But Starbucks has altered its stores and products to adapt to local tastes and the strategy appears to be working.
星巴克计划在接下来的几年里在中国大规模的扩张，店面的数量将会是之前的两倍。在拥有饮茶文化的国家有如此大的扩张野心，对于一家咖啡公司而言似乎是在冒险。但是星巴克已经改变它的店面和饮品，用来迎合当地居民的口味，这个战略好像开始奏效。
The company’s same-store sales grew 7% in the region for the most recent quarter and it’s planning to open 500 new locations in China by the end of the year, which would make China Starbucks’ second largest market outside the U.S.
最近一个季度，在一个区域，公司的同等店面销售额上涨了7%。星巴克计划年底在中国新开500家店，这将使中国的星巴克店面数量是低于美国的第二大市场。
Here’s a few ways that Starbucks is doing things differently in China:
这里有几点事星巴克在中国的不同运营方法：
1.The stores are bigger with more seating space. “Unlike Americans, who can’t cope without a morning cup of joe, most Chinese customers don’t just grab and go,” writes Violet Law in the Global Post. “Instead, coffee shops here are a destination. People sit back and chat with friends and family. Some come to meet with clients or do business.”
1.店面扩大有更多的座位。维奥莱特·劳在国际杂志上写道“大多数中国客人不需要急忙拿着咖啡然后离开，不像美国人不能早上没有一杯咖啡。”相反，咖啡店在中国是目的地。人们坐这里同朋友和家人聊天，一些人也会在这里跟客户见面或者处理商业事务。
While most Starbucks stores in the U.S. are hectic and bustling, Chinese consumers seek out Starbucks to “nurse their drinks and lose themselves in their laptops… enjoying tranquility that’s usually elusive in teeming China,” Law writes.
虽然美国大部分的星巴克店都是繁忙和熙熙攘攘的，而在中国顾客寻找星巴克是为了“在人数如织的中国这种安静通常是难以找到的，他们享受这种宁静，喝咖啡和沉浸在网络上…”劳写道。
2.The coffee is more expensive. Starbucks charges up to 20% more for its coffee products in China compared to other markets. The Chinese state media has attacked Starbucks for this practice, but the company says the prices are due to the higher costs of doing business in the country.
2.咖啡会更贵。星巴克在中国咖啡的收费相比于其它市场要高出20%。中国媒体曾攻击过星巴克的价格，但是星巴克公司却说价格归因于在中国开店的高成本。
3.Starbucks stores in China offer a menu of Chinese teas and treats like mooncakes. But one of the best-selling item in the region right now is actually a Strawberry Cheesecake Frappucino, which is topped with a cream cheese whipped cream, graham cracker crumbles, and strawberry syrup. The frappuccino “set instant records for the top-selling limited-time Frappuccino offering ever,” Starbucks chief operating office Troy Alstead said on a recent earnings call.
3.星巴克店在中国提供中国茶菜单和推出像月饼之类的甜点。但在这个地区，目前销量最好的产品实际上冰草莓乳酪刨冰，在刨冰的上面覆盖一层搅拌乳酪，碎薄饼还有草莓糖浆。刨冰“在有限的时间里，刨冰的销售量瞬间突破以往的纪录，”星巴克首席运营官特洛伊·奥尔斯得特在近期的收入来电说。
4. The food is labeled with the country where it was imported from to address Chinese consumers’ concerns about food safety.
4.出于中国消费者对食品安全的担忧，所有的食物都会贴上从哪个国家进口的标签。
5. Starbucks management makes an effort to get to know employees’ families.“Starbucks has … factored in family dynamics and expectations in China, where success can be judged by the title on one’s business card,” the company said in a statement. “Family forums have been held for parents of store partners to hear managers discuss gratifying career paths at Starbucks.”
5.星巴克的管理方式会努力知道员工的家庭。公司在一次声明中说“在中国，星巴克有家庭动态因素，一个人商务名片的头衔可以评判他的成功。”“家庭讨论已经为合作伙伴的家人举办了很多次，让他们去听经理们讨论感谢在星巴克的职业生涯。”
托福阅读素材：美国大学生求职前需要准备什么
04-21 14:45来源：新东方网整理分享到 对于美国大学生来说，大学不是只有图书馆、学分和GPA，即使成绩很好也不见得就为工作做好了准备。在美国的大学，课外活动常常和功课一样重要。一起来看看美国大学生为求职会做什么准备工作呢?
1.Get out of the library. You can have a degree and a huge GPA and not be ready for the workplace. A student should plan that college is four years of experience rather than 120 credits," says William Coplin, professor at Syracuse University and author of the book, 10 Things Employers Want You to Learn in College."
第一，走出图书馆。就算有了学位和很高的GPA你也不见得就为工作做好了准备。大学是四年人生经验，不是高学分。在美国的大学，课外活动常常和功课一样重要。
2. Start a business in your dorm room. It's cheap, Google and Yahoo are dying to buy your website, and it's better than washing dishes in the cafeteria. Note to those who play poker online until 4 a.m.: Gambling isn't a business. It's an addiction.
第二，从宿舍开始做生意。这很便宜，雅虎、都会争先恐后地买你弄出来的网站，这比餐馆里洗盘子好多了。至于那些通宵在线玩扑克的人，记住赌博不是生意，赌博是瘾。
3. Don't take on debt that is too limiting. This is not a reference to online gambling, although it could be. This is about choosing a state school over a pricey private school. Almost everyone agrees you can get a great education at an inexpensive school. So in many cases the debt from a private school is more career-limiting than the lack of brand name on your diploma.
第三，别债务缠身。这和在线赌博关系不大，虽然可能有关系。这是关于应该选择一所州立大学而不是昂贵的私立学校的问题。几乎所有人都同意在不那么贵的学校里也能得到良好的教育。所以从个人前途上看，无债一身轻比花钱买个名牌要有利得多。
4. Get involved on campus. When it comes to career success, emotional intelligence -- social skills to read and lead others -- get you farther than knowledge or job competence, according to Tiziana Casciaro, professor at Harvard Business School. Julie Albert, a junior at Brandeis University, is the director of her a capella group and head of orientation this year. She hones her leadership skills outside the classroom, which is exactly where to do it.
第四，积极参加校园的活动。通过这种活动，可以学会怎么理解、帮助别人，满足别人的需要和别人沟通。这在美国文化中，是所谓"领袖素质"的基础。找工作时会被别人另眼相看。千万不要认为自己的生活只有校园而已。
5. Avoid grad school in the liberal arts. One in five English Phd's find stable university jobs, and the degree won't help outside the university: "Schooling only gives you the capacity to stand behind a cash register," says Thomas Benton, a columnist at the Chronicle of Higher Education (who has an English degree from Yale and a tenure-track teaching job.)
第五，不要读文科博士，五分之一的英语(课程)博士能找到大学里的稳定的工作，如果走出校门，学位没什么用处。除非你离了学术不能活。读博士对实际工作毫无帮助。
6. Skip the law-school track. Lawyers are the most depressed of all professionals. Stress itself does not make a job bad, says Alan Kreuger, economist at Princeton University. Not having control over one's work does make a bad job, though, and lawyers are always acting on behalf of someone else. Suicide is among the leading causes of premature death among lawyers.
第六，别上法学院。律师是所有职业中最压抑的。律师总是代表别人去争利，压力奇大。自杀是律师中第一号非正常死亡的原因。
7. Play a sport. People who play sports earn more money than couch potatoes, and women executives who played sports attribute much of their career success to their athletic experience, says Jennifer Cripsen of Sweet Briar College in Virginia. You don't need to be great at sports, you just need to be part of a team.
第七，参加体育运动。调查表明，大学从事体育的人，毕业后比那些不沾体育的同学明显收入高。美国人从事体育不仅是锻炼身体，而且是培养竞争的才能和领袖素质。一个大动队的队长到华尔街找工作，优势不可限量。
8. Separate your expectations from those of your parents. "Otherwise you wake up and realize you're not living your own life," says Alexandra Robbins, author of the popular new book "The Overachievers." (Note to parents: If you cringe as you read this list, then you need to read this book.)
第八，别按着父母的期待生活，"否则你醒来后会发现你过的不是自己的日子。"
9. Try new things that you're not good at. "Ditch the superstar mentality that if you don't reach the top, president, A+, editor in chief, then the efforts were worthless. It's important to learn to enjoy things without getting recognition," says Robbins.
第九，干一些你并不擅长的新事物。你对自己未必了解，这是苏格拉底给人类的教诲。所以，请给自己一个机会。
10. Define success for yourself. "Society defines success very narrowly. Rather than defining success as financial gain or accolades, define it in terms of individual interests and personal happiness," says Robbins.
第十，以自己为中心来定义成功，别以外在的东西(比如金钱)来定义成功。
11. Make your job search a priority. Jobs do not fall in your lap, you have to chase them. Especially a good one. It's a job to look for a job. Use spreadsheets to track your progress. And plan early. Goldman Sachs, for example, starts its information sessions in September.
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托福阅读备考如何针对性准备词汇
