雅思阅读14类题型解题技巧之简答题
如何提高阅读速度以及答题准确度，今天小编给大家带来了雅思阅读14类题型解题技巧--Short Answer Questions (简答题)，希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
雅思阅读14类题型解题技巧--Short Answer Questions (简答题)
Short Answer Questions (简答题)
1. 题型要求：每个题目都是一个特殊问句，要求根据原文作出回答。
绝大部分的题目要求有字数限制，一般有如下几种表达方式：
(1) NO MORE THAN TWO/THREE/FOUR WORDS(不超过2/3/4个字);
(1) ONE OR TWO WORDS(一个或两个字);
(1) Use a maximum of TWO words(最多两个字)。
有字数限制的，一定要严格按照题目要求去做。少部分的题目要求中没有字数限制，这时，请注意，答案字数也不会很长，一般不会超过四个字。
总之，这种题型的答案都是词或短语，很少是句子，所以又叫“短问答”。
考试中，A类和G类一般都是每次必考，考一组，共三题左右。
2. 解题步骤
(1) 找出题目中的关键词，最好先定位到原文中的一个段落。题目中如果包含年代、人名、地名、数字，这些词肯定是关键词，因为原文中不会对这些词做改变，而且这些词特别好找，所以依据这些词在原文中确定答案比较快。
(2) 从头到尾快速阅读该段落，根据题目中的其他关键词，确定正确答案。
(3) 答案要对应题目中的特殊疑问词。绝大部分的答案是名词或名词短语，也有少部分是动词或形容词短语。详件下文：
特殊疑问词：when, where, what, who
答案词性：名词(时间，地点，人或单位等)
答案例子：8:00am, classroom, calcium deposit, Australian taxpayer
注意事项：不需要时间名词前面的介词及冠词，钟点后面要有am或pm。
特殊疑问词：how many, what proportion, what is the cost
答案词性：数词(比例，钱币等)
答案例子：6, 20-30%, $25million
注意事项：最好写阿拉伯数字。
特殊疑问词：what do
答案词性：动词
答案例子：evacuate the building
特殊疑问词：what happen
答案词性：短的句子
答案例子：The license may be cancelled.
特殊疑问词：how
答案词性：介词短语
答案例子：by bike
(4) 要注意顺序性，即题目的顺序与原文的顺序基本一致。第一题的答案应在文章的前部，第二题的答案应在第一题的答案之后。这个规律也有助于同学确定答案的位置。
NOTICE
1. 所有的答案都不用大写，专有名词除外。
一句话的第一个字母需要大写，我们的答案大部分都是词或短语，都不是一句话，所以不用大写。但答案中的专有名词，如人名和地名需要大写。例如：Australian taxpayer，不能答为：australian taxpayer。
2. 绝大部分的答案来自原文原词，极少一部分需要自己写答案。
大部分的答案来自原文原词，而且是原文中连续的几个词。只有极少一部分需要自己写答案。所以，在考试中，如果发现有很多都需要自己写答案，应首先怀疑自己找错答案的位置。需要自己写答案的例子：
原文：… if your iron produces droplets of water instead of giving off steam, your temperature control is set too low.
题目：What should you do if our iron starts to drip water?
答案及解释：原文说：如果你的熨斗产生水滴而不是放出水蒸气，是以为你把温度设置的过低。题目问：如果你的熨斗开始滴水，你应该做什么?答案应该是升高温度的意思，但原文中并没有相应的原词，需要自己写出来。最好的答案是根据your temperature control is set too low改为set temperature high/higher。同样正确的答案为:increase the temperature或turn up temperature。
3.答案涉及数字的，最好写阿拉伯数字，以免发生拼写错误。
题目问how many/how much/what proportion时，答案一般是数词，这时最好写阿拉伯数字，这样一来最保险，不用拼写成英文。
4. 答案涉及数字的，一般要有简单的四则运算。
题目问how many/how much/what proportion/what is the cost时，答案一般不会直接是原文中出现的数字，而要涉及到简单的四则运算，通常是加减法。
原文：All major cities there have high car ownership, but well developed bus and rail systems are available, and overall public
transport typically accounts for between 20 and 30 percent of passenger-kilometers.
题目：What proportion of passenger kilometer is undertaken by private automobile in Western Europe.
答案及解释：很多同学误答20-30%。原文说：公共交通占20-30%。题目问：私人小轿车所占的比例。答案应为：70-80%。
5. 答案涉及钱币的，在数字前一定要有货币符号，在数字后可能会有单位。
原文：There may have been some consolation in the fact that the bid came in $1 million below the revised budget and $5 million below
the original budget of $29 million formulated in mid-1991.
题目：What was the cost of the revised budget for the Sydney bid?
答案及解释：根据注意事项4，会有简单的四则运算，此题应该是考过的题目中运算最复杂的。费用比修改后的预算少1 million，比最初的预算少5 million，最初的预算是29 million，所以，修改后的预算应为$25 million。注意，这三个词，25、$25、25 million都是错误的答案。
6.找到答案后，要向后看一、两句，看有无重大的改变。
原文中常用转折词修改前面说过的话或作补充。因此，对有些陷阱性题目，找到答案后，要向后看一、两句，看有没有转折词。一般只向后看一、两句即可，不用看得太远。
原文：You iron is designed to function using tap water. However, it will last longer if you use distilled water.
题目：What sort of water are you advised to use?
答案及解释：题目问：建议你使用什么样的水?有的同学从原文的第一句中的出答案：tap water(自来水)，但原文中马上就有一个转折词however，正确答案为：distilled water(蒸馏水)。
7. 满足字数限制的方法。
大多数简单题有字数的限制，找到答案后，如果答案超过了字数要求，就需要去掉一些词。基本原则是：保留核心词，去掉修饰词。可依此去掉：
(1) 冠词：a /an /the
(2) 副词：副词用来修饰动词，保留动词，去掉副词。
(3) 形容词或分词：常用来修饰名词，保留名词，去掉形容词或分词。
(4) 如果有必要，将A of B改为BA：这里A和B都是名词，如type of fabric，可改为fabric type，省掉一个字。
大家注意，在去掉多余的字的时候，不要去得太厉害。在满足字数要求的前提下，应尽可能多保留一些原文中的词句。有时去得太厉害，会造成错误。例如正确答案为：Australian taxpayer，如果答成taxpayer，是不对的。
原文：… the amount of steam being given off depending upon the type of fabric being ironed.
题目：What factor makes you decide on the quantity of steam to use?
答案及解释：如果没有字数限制，可以答为：the type of fabric或the type of fabric being ironed。现在，字数限制为NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS，答案应先去掉冠词the，再去掉分词短语being ironed，正确答案为type of fabric。
雅思阅读机经真题解析-Wealth in a cold climate
A
Dr William Masters was reading a book about mosquitoes when inspiration struck. “There was this anecdote about the great yellow fever epidemic that hit Philadelphia in 1793,” Masters recalls. “This epidemic decimated the city until the first frost came.” The inclement weather froze out the insects, allowing Philadephia to recover.
B
If weather could be the key to a city's fortunes. Masters thought, then why not to the historical fortunes of nations? And could frost lie at the heart of one of the most enduring economic mysteries of all - why are almost all the wealthy, industrialised nations to be found at latitudes above 40 degrees? After two years of research, he thinks that he has found a piece of the puzzle. Masters, an agricultural economist from Purdue University in Indiana, and Margaret McMillan at Tufts University, Boston, show that annual frosts are among the factors that distinguish rich nations from poor ones. Their study is published this month in the Journal of Economic Growth. The pair speculates that cold snaps have two main benefits — they freeze pests that would otherwise destroy crops, and also freeze organisms, such as mosquitoes, that carry disease. The result is agricultural abundance and a big workforce.
C
The academics took two sets of information. The first was average income for countries, the second climate data from the University of East Anglia. They found a curious tally between the sets. Countries having five or more frosty days a month are uniformly rich; those with fewer than five are impoverished. The authors speculate that the five-day figure is important; it could be the minimum time needed to kill pests in the soil. Masters says: "For example, Finland is a small country that is growing quickly, but Bolivia is a small country that isn't growing at all. Perhaps climate has something to do with that." In fact, limited frosts bring huge benefits to farmers. The chills kill insects or render them inactive; cold weather slows the break-up of plant and animal material in the soil, allowing it to become richer; and frosts ensure a build-up of moisture in the ground for spring, reducing dependence on seasonal rains. There are exceptions to the "cold equals rich" argument. There are well-heeled tropical countries such as Hong Kong and Singapore (both city-states, Masters notes), a result of their superior trading positions. Likewise, not all European countries are moneyed — in the former communist colonies, economic potential was crushed by politics.
D
Masters stresses that climate will never be the overriding factor — the wealth of nations is too complicated to be attributable to just one factor. Climate, he feels, somehow combines with other factors - such as the presence of institutions, including governments, and access to trading routes - to determine whether a country will do well. Traditionally, Masters says, economists thought that institutions had the biggest effect on the economy, because they brought order to a country in the form of, for example, laws and property rights. With order, so the thinking went, came affluence. "But there are some problems that even countries with institutions have not been able to get around," he says. "My feeling is that, as countries get richer, they get better institutions. And the accumulation of wealth and improvement in governing institutions are both helped by a favourable environment, including climate."
E
This does not mean, he insists, that tropical countries are beyond economic help and destined to remain penniless. Instead, richer countries should change the way in which foreign aid is given. Instead of aid being geared towards improving governance, it should be spent on technology to improve agriculture and to combat disease. Masters cites one example: "There are regions in India that have been provided with irrigation - agricultural productivity has gone up and there has been an improvement in health." Supplying vaccines against tropical diseases and developing crop varieties that can grow in the tropics would break the poverty cycle.
F
Other minds have applied themselves to the split between poor and rich nations, citing anthropological, climatic and zoological reasons for why temperate nations are the most affluent. In 350BC, Aristotle observed that "those who live in a cold climate ... are full of spirit". Jared Diamond, from the University of California at Los Angeles, pointed out in his book Guns, Genus and Steel that Eurasia is broadly aligned east-west, while Africa and the Americas are aligned north-south. So, in Europe, crops can spread quickly across latitudes because climates are similar. One of the first domesticated crops, einkorn wheat, spread quickly from the Middle East into Europe; it took twice as long for corn to spread from Mexico to what is now the eastern United States. This easy movement along similar latitudes in Eurasia would also have meant a faster dissemination of other technologies such as the wheel and writing, Diamond speculates. The region also boasted domesticated livestock, which could provide meat, wool and motive power in the fields. Blessed with such natural advantages, Eurasia was bound to take off economically.
G
John Gallup and Jeffrey Sachs, two US economists, have also pointed out striking correlations between the geographical location of countries and their wealth. They note that tropical countries between 23.45 degrees north and south of the equator are nearly all poor. In an article for the Harvard International Review, they concluded that “development surely seems to favour the temperate-zone economies, especially those in the northern hemisphere, and those that have managed to avoid both socialism and the ravages of war". But Masters cautions against geographical determinism, the idea that tropical countries are beyond hope: "Human health and agriculture can be made better through scientific and technological research," he says, "so we shouldn't be writing off these countries. Take Singapore: without air conditioning, it wouldn't be rich."
Questions 14-20
The reading passage has seven paragraphs, A-G
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-G from the list below.
Write the correct number, i-xi, in boxes 14-20 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
i. The positive correlation between climate and country
ii. The wealth influenced by other factors besides climate
iii. The inspiration from reading a book
iv. Other researcher results still do not rule out exceptional cases.
v. Eruasia has different attributes with Africa
vi. Low temperature may benefit people and crop
vii. The traditional view reflecting the importance of institution.
viii. The best result to use aid which makes a difference
ix. The spread of crop in European and other courtiers
x. confusions and exceptional cases such as Singapore
14. Paragraph A
15. Paragraph B
16. Paragraph C
17. Paragraph D
18. Paragraph E
19. Paragraph F
20. Paragraph G
Questions 21-26
Summary
Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using no more than two words from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 21-26 on your answer sheet.
Dr William Master read a book saying that a (an) 21 which struck an American city of Philadelphia hundreds years ago, had been terminated by a cold frost. And academics found that there is a positive contribution of a certain period of cold days to economic success as in the small country of 22 ;Yet besides excellent surroundings and climate, one country need to improve both their economy and 23 to achieve long prosperity.
Thanks to resembling weather condition across latitude, the whole continent of 24 enjoys faster spread of its uniformity in many economic factors. Also the crop such as 25 is bound to spread faster than those countries aligned from South America to the North. William Master finally pointed out though geographical factors are important but tropical country such as 26 still become rich due to scientific advancement.
文章题目：Wealth in a cold climate
篇章结构
体裁
议论文
题目
寒冷气候里的财富
结构
（一句话概括每段大意）
A． 一本书所启发的灵感
B． 寒流可能会给人类和作物带来好处
C． 国家收入和气候之间的关系
D． 除了气候，其他因素也会影响财富
E． 改变援助的方式
F． 欧洲和其他一些国家的作物推广
G． 其他研究者对于财富和气候之间联系的理论存疑
试题分析
Question 14-20
题目类型：List of heading
Question 21-26
题目类型：Summary
题号
定位词
文中对应点
题目解析
14
Inspiration，
Reading book
第一句话
A段第一句话已经表明威廉博士在读一本关于蚊子的书时突然有了灵感，“Dr William Masters was reading a book about mosquitoes when inspiration struck.”所以选择iii
15
Low temperature, benefit
倒数第二句
“The pair speculates that cold snaps have two main benefits…”第二段【B段】此句之前都是在提出问题，在倒数第二句话真正给出了理由和结论，且cold snaps对应low temperature，所以选择vi
16
Correlation，climate, country
第一、二、三句
第三段【C段】第一句话总起该段内容，说明有两层相关的信息需要交代，第二句就第一句所给的“two sets”进行解释，”the first was average income for countries, the second climate…”第三句说明研究者发现两者之间有联系“curious tally”， 所以选i
17
Wealth influenced,
Other factors, beside climate
第一、二句
第四段【D段】首句就提出气候不是一个最主要的因素，never be the overriding factor对应所选答案中的“beside climate”，第二句话中给出了other factors，所以选ii
18
Use aid, make a difference
第二、三句
第二句第一个单词Instead表示转折，一些经济发达的国家改变国外援助的方法；第三句中给到了改变方式以后的结果，improving governance，improve agriculture, combat disease,所以选viii
19
Spread，European and other countries
第三、四句话
第三句提到了欧亚大陆的地理情况，第四句话首字So表示小结，下结论，“So, in Europe, crops can spread quickly across latitudes because climates are similar”所以选ix
20
Other researchers，not rule out
第四句话
第四句，but表示转折，表明Masters和之前学者的观点不同，且该句中提到“Masters cautions against geographical determinism…”,并且给出了理由，所以选iv
21
a/an, Philadelphia
第一段第一、二句话
第一段第一句话给出了背景，威廉博士读了一本书，第二句引号中的内容就是对书中的回忆，a/an之后可以确定所填应是一个名词，空格之后的which引导的是一个定语从句，对空格所填写的内容进行修饰，且在从句中出现了Philadelphia双重定位，所以填写yellow fever epidemic
22
Economic success，Small country
第三段第六句
of 之后同样可以确定所填词性应为名词，第六句中，Masters在for example 中提到“Finland is a small country that is growing quickly”, growing quickly 对应economic success， 所以填Finland
23
Yet,
Beside，improve both economy and
第四段一、二句话
首先从填空的词性判断，and前后表并列，理应填写名词。其次，填空中，该句的第一个单词是Yet,表转折，且有beside…这样的内容，所以可以判断答案应该的第四段，首句就提出气候不是一个最主要的因素，never be the overriding factor对应所选答案中的“beside climate”，第二句话中给出了combines with other factors，对应both…and，所以应该填写government/governing institutions
24
Latitude，faster spread
第六段第三、四句
首先从所填内容的词性来看依然是名词，其次，空格之前出现了latitude这个定位词，所以可以确定出现的内容应该在第六段【F段】的第三句，且空格后又出现了faster spread，所以定位到第六段的第四句话， “So, in Europe, crops can spread quickly across latitudes because climates are similar.” 根据of 之前的whole continent判断，所以所填答案应该是Eurasia
25
Also, faster，south America
第六段第五句
填空中，also一词表示内容上的递进，从south America可以定位到第六段第五句“Mexico”与之相对应，第五句的前半句有提到Einkorn wheat很快的从中东进入欧洲，所以应该填写Einkorn wheat
26
Finally，tropical country
第七段最后两句
填空中的finally一词可以定位到文章最后一段，且是Masters所给出的观点，所以直接看到文章的最后两句话，根据填空所提示这里需要填写一个tropical country，且最后一句用新加坡举例，for example对应such as, 所以应该填Singapore
参考范文：
雅思阅读14类题型解题技巧之简答题相关文章：
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雅思阅读14类题型解题技巧之简答题
