雅思阅读归纳填空题解题技巧

若水1147由分享时间：2020-09-02 01:09:09

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备考雅思阅读的5大问题

热度：

归纳填空题是雅思考试阅读理解部分的一线题型，几乎每场考试必有。今天小编给大家带来了雅思阅读归纳填空题解题技巧，希望可以帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

雅思阅读归纳填空题解题技巧

一. 短文全文大意的帮助

首先把短文的全文迅速通读一遍，掌握大意。不要在没有掌握全文大意的情况下立即做题，看一句填一句。虽然短文的词数不多，但作为一篇文章，总有一定的主体思想，句与句之间意思上是相连的，整篇短文就是一个有机的整体。通读全文，有利于掌握文章的逻辑思维，顺着思路选词来填，就比较容易做对了。许多考生往往不先通读短文全文，上来就匆忙去找词填空。看似快，实际上选词时看来看去，思前想后，犹豫不决，不知选哪个才对，反而大大减慢了速度。

二. 利用信号词来定位和定词

归纳填空题的形式为一篇短文，文中有若干个空，要求考生在其中填词。空格前后往往会有信号词，我们可以借助之在原文中定位，再在所定位部位的附近范围内找出该采用的原文原词(对于1)或断定该填的单词表中的同义词(对于2)。不少情况下，在空格前和后的信号词，相对应地也是出现在原文中正确的词的前和后的，前后信号词的“夹击”下，更方便我们选对词了。所以信号词技巧也仍然是这种题的重要技巧。

三. 空格前后的上下文的帮助

空格肯定是处于句子中的，亦即所谓空格无非是一个句子抽掉了其中的某个词(语)所形成的。因此，在整篇短文大意的大背景下，再考虑空格前后的上下文意思，然后将在1或2中备选的数个词(语)进行比对，就不难确定该填入哪个了。空格前后上下文的意义与全篇短文主体思想的结合分析，在决定选词上尤为重要，注意运用这点，能使我们做题快许多。

四. 语法知识的帮助

一些基本的语法知识对于我们确定词性范围甚或选定具体的词都有直截了当的决定作用，又简单又快。空格前后的词往往都提示了空格中的词是何种词性，是否比较级，谓语或非谓语，单数还是复数，及物动词或不及物动词，等等。例如，空格之前是a的话，表明空格该填的是个可数名词的单数形式，而且该名词的发音是以辅音音标开头的(否则，空格前的a就该是an了)。

上面的几种方法技巧若能够熟练掌握，并能在做题时灵活机动地运用，一般都可以收到满意的效果。尤其是对于2，往往就用一、三、四的方法，而不用去看原文，都能填对相当数量的空格，甚至全部空格。因为2是题目提供了一个单词表让你从中选，表中的单词范围毕竟比原文的小多了，加上一、三两法篇章和句子意义逻辑上的筛选，以及方法四语法逻辑上的筛选，三重过滤之下，很容易就能断定某些空格该有的词。试看下面的例子：

Summary

Homeopathy differs from conventional medicine in a number of ways. Conventional medicine views symptoms as an indication of something wrong in the body, whereas homeopathy sees them as signs that the body is attempting to (1) ______________. The uses of medication differ also. Many types of conventional medication (2) ______________ but if the medicine is taken away, the illness returns. The intention of homeopathy is to bring about a complete cure. Homeopathic remedies are (3) ___________ than conventional medicine and have fewer (4) ________________.

List of Words/Phrases

cheapercureheal itself

illnesstreatmentsgetting better

control symptomsmore expensiveside effects

higherhealthypatients

(1)的空格从语法上判断必是动词原形，表中只有三个，cure、heal itself、control symptoms，而cure可以排除，因其如作及物动词，后面缺宾语;如作不及物动词，意思不通。control symptoms放在这里同样意思不对，因为之前的那个them就是指symptoms，这样句子的逻辑意义不对，因此只有heal itself才对。(2)的空格前是一名词性短语，很明显是作主语的，那么空格(2)就是谓语了，刚才三个动词已去掉两个，只剩下control symptoms，结合后面的but连接的句子来看，意思也对，所以空格(2)就填control symptoms了。空格(3)该是形容词比较级，从上下文来看，只有cheaper合适。最后(4)空格前面是fewer，说明这里肯定是个复数名词，表中只有side effects是正确的。

可见，遇到类似的情况，熟练利用上述技巧，就能快速选对答案，而不用去原文找，节省了不少时间。当然，如果光靠一、三、四法不能解决的，那再动用二法，起码能够快速确定地先解决了，这样也能够赢得更多时间。

雅思阅读原来是这么考的，不看不知道

如果要问雅思阅读中难度最大的题型是哪种题型，相信99%的烤鸭都会说是选择题。的确，选择题是最考查学生能力的题型，因为考生必须要读懂句子，正确理解识并识别同义替换，才能选出正确的选项。所以，这个题目就成了让无数烤鸭在考场上尽折腰的题目，也是想考阅读8+高分的烤鸭们必须要突破的题目。

如果选择题是这样的:

出题模式一：

句子1：It seems that the viewer can sense the artists’ vision in paintings, even if they can’t explain why.

题目：下面哪个选项与上句意思一致?

A. mostly favour works of art which they know well.

B.hold fixed ideas about what makes a good work of art.

C.are often misled by their initial expectations of a work of art.

D.have the ability to perceive the intention behind works of art.

那么应该90%的同学可以做对，正确答案是D。如果做不对的同学，请你踏踏实实去背背核心2000词或是学术核心词汇566吧。

但是，选择题的实际出题模式是这样的：

出题模式二：

这篇文章的标题是：Neuroaesthetics

题目：Angelina Hawley-Dolan’s findings indicate that people

A mostly favour works of art which they know well.

Bhold fixed ideas about what makes a good work of art.

Care often misled by their initial expectations of a work of art.

Dhave the ability to perceive the intention behind works of art.

原文出题点：Angelina Hawley-Dolan, of Boston College, Massachusettes, responded to this debate by asking volunteers to view pairs of paintings - either the creations of famous abstract artists or the doodles of infants, chimps and elephant. They then had to judge which they preferred. A third of the paintings were given no captions, while many were labelled incorrectly-volunteers might think they were viewing a chimp’s messy brushstrokes when they were actually seeing an acclaimed masterpiece. In each set of trials, volunteers generally preferred the work of renowned artists, even when they believed it was by an animal or a child. It seems that the viewer can sense the artist’s vision in paintings, even if they can’t explain why.

出题模式一，其实就是雅思选择题的本质所在。出题模式二是正常的雅思考试的出题模式，配上抽象的主题和很多看似简单又读不懂的无关信息，以此来加大考试的难度，这就是雅思考官出题的套路。

出题模式一和二一对比，大家就明白了，其实选择题，真正的难点在于：同学们往往不能准确定位出考官的出题点到底是哪一句子。烤鸭们一般可以大概定位到题目出题“面”--- 段落，但是，却不能准确定位“点”--出题的句子。所以，很多同学常常有需要读一整段或是两个段落来解一个选择题的错觉。

简言之，雅思阅读选择题的解题关键是：一定要能够准确点位出题点!这样，就可以有效排除很多干扰信息了。而在仅有的一个句子中，去读懂，再去识别选项的同义替换，这样选择题的难度就大大减小了。

那么，问题来了?如何锁定出题点呢?如何做到从“面”到“点”的准确定位呢?

定位选择题的出题点，可以根据题目的提问方式，来进行分类，每类题目的出题点和出题规律一般都是比较固定。雅思选择题的提问方式和出题点位置，一般可以分为以下几大类：

出题规律1：实验看结果

考查实验相关的题目，一般重点都是考实验的结果，重点直接去文中快速锁定实验的结果，一般表结果的关键词是：findings, ...found that..., It seems that..., it would seem that....

正常来说：当讲到某个实验的时候，文中的行文顺序：WHY该实验的背景/目的--HOW该实验如何进行--WHAT实验对象在实验做了什么或是如何表现的---Results/Findings。所以，当提到某个实验时，一般会有2-3句来讲实验的why, how和what，结果往往放在最后。解题时，直接快速跳到实验后边去看实验的结果。

如上题所示：题目问Angelina Hawley-Dolan’s findings indicate...(他的实验结果表明....), 文中，段落前几句描述的都是跟实验相关的内容，到最后一句It seems that..., 才是结果。考生们在做题前，如果能够非常清晰的了解这个特点的话，就可以高效准确的解题了。

出题规律2：例子看观点

题目考查具体例子的，一般都是问例子说明或支持的观点，重点看原文例子的前后句。举例都是为了说明观点的。如果段落开头就是例子的，则需要看例子所在段落的前段的主要观点，观点的位置一般在上段的最后部分，提出一个观点，然后下段用例子证明。一般例子讲完后，在例子后边会再次总结一下观点。简言之，出现例子的重点看例子前后的句子。

出题规律3：主旨细节要分清

如果题目提问中出现段落的，如果是问段落大意，就看段落主题句，快速把握段落主旨。出现段落，但不问主旨的，一定要先定好段落中具体细节，再解题。如: According to the eighth paragraph, how was the geography of the region significant? 题目中提到第8段，但是不能看一整个段落解题，还要定位到关键词geography 所在的句子，理解后再做题。

雅思阅读模拟题：Hormones in the Body

Hormones in the Body

Up to the beginning of the twentieth century, the nervous system was thought to control all communication within the body and the resulting integration of behavior. Scientists had determined that nerves ran, essentially, on electrical impulses. These impulses were thought to be the engine for thought, emotion, movement, and internal processes such as digestion. However, experiments by William Bayliss and Ernest Starling on the chemical secretin, which is produced in the small intestine when food enters the stomach, eventually challenged that view. From the small intestine, secretin travels through the bloodstream to the pancreas. There, it stimulates the release of digestive chemicals. In this fashion, the intestinal cells that produce secretin ultimately regulate the production of different chemicals in a different organ, the pancreas.

Such a coordination of processes had been thought to require control by the nervous system; Bayliss and Starling showed that it could occur through chemicals alone. This discovery spurred Starling to coin the term hormone to refer to secretin, taking it from the Greek word hormon, meaning “to excite” or “to set in motion.” A hormone is a chemical produced by one tissue to make things happen elsewhere.

As more hormones were discovered, they were categorized, primarily according to the process by which they operated on the body. Some glands (which make up the endocrine system) secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Such glands include the thyroid and the pituitary. The exocrine system consists of organs and glands that produce substances that are used outside the bloodstream, primarily for digestion. The pancreas is one such organ, although it secretes some chemicals into the blood and thus is also part of the endocrine system.

Much has been learned about hormones since their discovery. Some play such key roles in regulating bodily processes or behavior that their absence would cause immediate death. The most abundant hormones have effects that are less obviously urgent but can be more far-reaching and difficult to track: They modify moods and affect human behavior, even some behavior we normally think of as voluntary. Hormonal systems are very intricate. Even minute amounts of the right chemicals can suppress appetite, calm aggression, and change the attitude of a parent toward a child. Certain hormones accelerate the development of the body, regulating growth and form; others may even define an individual’s personality characteristics. The quantities and proportions of hormones produced change with age, so scientists have given a great deal of study to shifts in the endocrine system over time in the hopes of alleviating ailments associated with aging.

In fact, some hormone therapies are already very common. A combination of estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades to women who want to reduce mood swings, sudden changes in body temperature, and other discomforts caused by lower natural levels of those hormones as they enter middle age. Known as hormone replacement therapy (HRT), the treatment was also believed to prevent weakening of the bones. At least one study has linked HRT with a heightened risk of heart disease and certain types of cancer. HRT may also increase the likelihood that blood clots—dangerous because they could travel through the bloodstream and block major blood vessels—will form. Some proponents of HRT have tempered their enthusiasm in the face of this new evidence, recommending it only to patients whose symptoms interfere with their abilities to live normal lives.

Human growth hormone may also be given to patients who are secreting abnormally low amounts on their own. Because of the complicated effects growth hormone has on the body, such treatments are generally restricted to children who would be pathologically small in stature without it. Growth hormone affects not just physical size but also the digestion of food and the aging process. Researchers and family physicians tend to agree that it is foolhardy to dispense it in cases in which the risks are not clearly outweighed by the benefits.

雅思阅读练习题：Is life miserable without passion?

The problem with following your passion

满怀激情带来的问题

In a recent biography of Elon Musk, Bloomberg technology writer Ashlee Vance documents how the entrepreneur(企业家) transformed the electric car industry, launched rockets into space, developed solar technology and devised plans to colonize Mars. Vance emphasizes Musk’s diligence and unwavering(不动摇的) zeal(热情), not just his intelligence and eccentricities(奇思妙想，怪异). Like Steve Jobs, Musk is a mercurial(反复无常的)perfectionist, prone to moments of rage, spurred by passion. (与Steve Jobs一样，Musk也是一个追求完美的人，性格反复无常，容易着急上火，激情四溢。)

It’s tempting to read about someone like Elon Musk and conclude that passion is a prerequisite(前提)for success. And months from now, it’s likely that a suite of commencement(毕业典礼)speakers will stand in front of class after class of new graduates, remarking that “the only way to do great work is to love what you do,” as Steve Jobs told the Stanford class of 2005.

But is passion really an essential condition for leading a successful life? That idea has come under attack in the last few years. Passion is increasingly labeled as mere post hoc(事后的) storytelling, an empty cliché(老生常谈)that makes for a good narrative(激情越来越被标签为事后归因的故事，是为了讲出好故事而说的空洞套话。). Cal Newport, an assistant professor at Georgetown University and author of So Good They Can’t Ignore You, insists the passion mantra(颂歌) is not just unoriginal but misleading. The goal shouldn’t be to find your passion—as if it has been there, undiscovered, from the beginning—but to create one.

Recently, a team of psychologists led by Patricia Chen, a graduate student at the University of Michigan, published research that gives us new insights into the relationship between passion and work. The team polled 794 people and found that about 70 percent believed passion is about matching an intrinsically(内在地)rewarding skill with a certain line of work—what Chen calls the fit theory.(该研究团队调查了794个人后发现，大约70%的人都相信，所谓激情就是一种内在的激励技能与某种工作相匹配了——陈将其称为“匹配理论”。Under this paradigm(模式), it’s easy to explain people like Musk and Jobs: They persevered because their work tapped(开发)into a fundamental joy of theirs.

The other 30 percent of participants in the study indicated that passion for work is developed and cultivated over time—what Chen calls the develop theory.(另外30%的受调查者认为，工作激情是在时间中培养出来的——陈将其称为“培养理论”。)According to this view, which is similar to what Newport endorses, we should think of our skills and proclivities(倾向)as malleable(可以塑造的)instead of fixed. Passion is the result of persistent and deliberate practice.

Across four studies, the psychologists found that those who think passion can be developed were just as likely to be satisfied with their job in the long run as those who searched for a perfect fit. (在所有4项研究中，心理学家们发现，那些认为激情是可以培养的人与那些寻求匹配的人，从长远看，同样可能从工作中获得满足。)These findings suggest, Chen and her team note, that people can “achieve similar levels of well-being at work by endorsing(赞同)either the fit or develop theory.”

This piece of research helps psychologists better understand the nature of passion, yet it still pivots off a very narrow definition, in which to be passionate about something is essentially to enjoy particular challenges that would otherwise be grueling(痛苦的). (这项研究帮助心理学家们更好地理解激情的性质，然而该研究仍基于一个非常狭窄的定义，即，对某事充满激情本质上就是喜欢某些原本令人痛苦的挑战。)Moreover, it assumes such passion is the basis for a rewarding professional life.

We’d like to introduce two more concepts to broaden what we mean when we talk about passion. Psychological research shows that life satisfaction correlates with the ability to assess something from multiple viewpoints. (心理学研究表明，人生的满足感与多角度评价事物的能力相关。)And so by widening the meaning of passion, we also allow ourselves more opportunities to find meaning and satisfaction in the lives we lead.

In German, the word for passion is Leidenschaft, which literally means the ability to endure adversity(不利情况，逆境). It is a much less rosy word, not the graduation bromide(溴化物;老套的安慰话) its English counterpart(对等物;对应物)has become. If you’re passionate about something in Germanic cultures, you don’t necessarily enjoy it. Leidenschaft is about knowing the pursuit will be unpleasant but tolerating it because the outcome is worth the cost. Critically, Germans can be passionate about an activity without feeling the need to pursue it as a profession or worry about higher ideals. From this view, work is a means to an end, enabling the pursuit of passion during non-work time.

In Eastern Europe, passion can also be understood as cierpienie (which roughly translates to “suffering” in Polish). It’s a word that describes having a calling, but without any implications of deriving pleasure. You have no choice but to endure it, even when the outcome is not necessarily positive.

A good example is Phil Hansen, an artist who developed permanent nerve damage in his hand from spending years practicing pointillism(点画派)—a drawing and painting technique in which small dots are used to create a larger image. Because of his jittery hand, Hansen could no longer draw straight lines; his previously round dots began to look like “tadpoles.” He eventually dropped out of art school and gave up art completely.

When his doctor suggested that he “embrace the shake,” Hansen decided to develop a new approach to art that relied on his handicap. The result was a new genre of creative work. Hansen made portraits out of matches, grease and food. He still used his hands to draw, but instead of creating images from perfect dots, he drew pictures composed entirely of squiggles.

In the American sense of the word, art is Hansen’s passion. But it’s more accurate to describe his life with cierpienie. He still experiences joint pain and he still can’t draw straight, so he has no choice but to endure his limitation. Despite his glowing TED Talk, the outcome is usually negative, as is the case with all creative work. The final product invariably results from dozens of failed ones.

Although it’s important to value work that is intrinsically fulfilling, let’s stop advertising the myopic(短视的)idea that life without passion—whether it is something to be found or created—is not worth living. Working adults aren’t either passionate and fulfilled or lifeless and miserable. That’s an overly simplified worldview, in which the dreary desk workers of the world are constantly pitted against the Elon Musks. (工作中的成年人并非只有“要么充满激情和成就，要么没有生机和痛苦”两种选择。那种世界观过于简单，这种观点长期让世界上那些枯燥的案头工作人员与Elon Musk们处于对立状态。)

Instead, we should recast our own American concept of passion to include other definitions that embrace a broader sense of what a meaningful life could look like. “Having too few constructs or insufficiently validated ones can create problems, particularly when life is moving quickly and you are trying to make sense of it,” Cambridge University psychologist Brian Little writes in his book Me, Myself and Us. “Your constructs can cage you in.” (“建构太少，或者你的建构得不到充分证实，这都会带来问题，尤其是当生命匆匆，你想从中找到意义的时候，”剑桥大学心理学家Brian Little在其《我，我自己和我们》中写道。“你的种.种建构可能将你自己困住。”)

Vocabulary

Entrepreneur 企业家

Unwavering 不动摇的

Zeal 热情

Eccentricity 怪异性

Mercurial 水性杨花的;易变的

Prerequisite 前提

Commencement 毕业典礼;开始

Post hoc 事后的

Cliché 陈词滥调

Mantra 颂歌

Intrinsically 内在地