雅思阅读提分秘笈：2大雅思阅读速读技巧

很多考生都在抱怨雅思阅读题量太大，来不及做。今天小编给大家带来了雅思阅读提分秘笈之2大雅思阅读速读技巧，希望可以帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

雅思阅读提分秘笈：2大雅思阅读速读技巧

首先何谓快速阅读(fast reading)?

就阅读方式而言，我们通常分成了精读和泛读两种，精读即按照字、词等少数几个单字为单位逐个阅读，这是我们从学习英语以来，老师们最为驾轻就熟的一种方式，他们会带着我们从一篇文章的第一个单词，逐字逐句的分析到最后一个单词，直到把这篇文章分析得是体无完肤;而泛读则要求我们泛泛而读，不必那么精准的理解文章，但是要求广、博、泛、快。而泛读里比较常用的一种阅读方式就是快速阅读。

快速阅读将被阅读的文字以组或行、块为单位进行大小不一的整体阅读，而“组”或“块”内所包含的往往可能是词组、半行、一行、多行甚至整页内容(我们称之为“意群”)，它是一种让我们能够从文字材料中迅速接收信息的阅读法。

没有经过训练的阅读者一般来说一分钟能读100—200个单词，而经过训练后一般能达到300—400单词/分，而有些个体则可能达到每分钟1000多，在我训练过多学生里，最快的能达到每分钟800字左右。

其次，快速阅读与雅思考试的关系。

快速阅读是一种我们在生活中经常应用的一种阅读方法，无论是在浏览报纸，还是查询网络信息，随时随地我们都可能通过快速阅读获取有效信息。而快速阅读主要运用了两种阅读技能：略读(skimming)和寻读(scanning)。而略读和训读在雅思阅读里都是频繁使用的阅读技能。接下来我们看看略读和训读在雅思阅读里是如何有效运用到雅思阅读里的。

粗中有细做略读

略读又被称为跳读或浏览，是指以尽可能快的阅读速度，有选择性地获取大意与信息，而文章的非重点部分可以不读的阅读方式。略读时，因为速度快，理解水平略低是比较正常的现象，开始时平均理解率达到五成就可以了，经过有效的训练，通常能达到七八成。那么我们该怎么做略读呢?

略读时我们应当运用两大技能：

1. 按照意群浏览，而不是一个单词接一个单词地看，以减少眼球的移动。我们来看下面四个句子：

World/science/is/dominated/today/by/a/small/number/of/languages。

World science/is dominated today/by a small number of/languages。

World science is dominated today/by a small number of languages。

World science is dominated today by a small number of languages。

第一句是一个单词一个单词的读，最后一句一气呵成，不难看出，什么样的读法更能体现速度，而且事实上，一个句子里，像副词、介词、冠词等成分其实是大可不必看的，如果我们只抓主谓宾等成分，阅读效率就能大大得到提高。

2. 紧抓段落的主题句。抓住主题句就等于掌握了段落大意，略去细节不读，以求得略读速度。

这种看似很粗的阅读过程中，又隐含了对某些细节的掌握，比如主题句，比如一个句子里的关键词，因此，我们把这叫做粗中有细做略读。

略读在雅思阅读考试中的运用非常广泛，当学生拿到一篇文章时，他如果想要拿高分，首先要对文章进行一个全面的概括性的了解，那么他就需要花一分钟左右对整篇文章进行一个整体性的把握，这时就需要运用到略读;在做list of headings，段落加信息的匹配题，都可能运用到略读，尤其是段落加信息的匹配题需要我们快速浏览一个段落，发现与题目相匹配的有用信息，没有这种快速阅读的能力，势必会浪费大量的时间，而且正确率还得不到保证。

如何做寻读(查读)?

寻读又称查读，也就是说，在对文章有所了解(即略读)后，读者在文章中查找与某一问题、某一观点或某一单词有关的信息，寻找解题的可靠依据。寻读时，要以很快的速度扫视文章，确定所查询的信息范围。

在雅思阅读考试中，当我们明确了题目信息，需要从文章里获取答案时，我们往往会选取一个两个定位词，到文章中进行定位，而这种在1200-1800字的文章中以最快速度找到定位词的能力就是寻读所必备的能力。

作为一种快速寻找信息的阅读技巧，寻读既要求速度，又要求寻读的准确性。寻读时，我们的视线在文章中扫描的速度极快，大部分的信息都是一带而过，只有当我们所需信息出现时，从大量的沙子中以最优的效率挑选出里面的金子出来，这就是寻读能力。

在雅思阅读中，学员要学会利用文章的组织结构，以及题型与题型之间的联系，甚至是段落号等来提高寻读效率。文章的组织都是有一定的规律的，如果拿到文章时就先做好了略读，了解了文章的架构以及信息组织顺序，那么在寻读时，我们的大定位就会非常省时，而且每一个大题与前一个大题之间的答案出现是有一定的关联的，这样我们在通过寻读定位时，还可以利用前一道大题以及本题内部联系进行。

另外我们也要充分利用提示词，比如当我们寻找某个球队的背景时，我们可以把这两个球队的名字作为提示词，因为它们更为明显，更容易定位，他们附近去寻找相关信息会更为节约时间。同样的道理，在雅思阅读里，经常也会有相似的提示词出现，参考提示词，有效的帮助我们拨开迷雾，看清真相。

最后的最后，其实大家都要明白，所有雅思高分的前提都是要有一个词汇量的积累。当你有一定词汇量之后，精读文章能够帮你的是提高做题准确率，但是时间总共1小时，你必须训练自己的泛读能力，特别是快速阅读的能力，来提升做题的效率。多快好省，说的就是雅思阅读提分的关键。大家抓紧时间练习起来吧。

雅思阅读模拟题：创新的空白

THE GAP of INGENUITY 2

Ingenuity, as I define it here, consists not only of ideas for new technologies like computers or drought-resistant crops but, more fundamentally, of ideas for better institutions and social arrangements, like efficient markets and competent governments.

How much and what kinds of ingenuity a society requires depends on a range of factors, including the society's goals and the circumstances within which it must achieve those goals——whether it has a young population or an aging one, an abundance of natural resources or a scarcity of them, an easy climate or a punishing one, whatever the case may be.

How much and what kinds of ingenuity a society supplies also depends on many factors, such as the nature of human inventiveness and understanding, the rewards an economy gives to the producers of useful knowledge, and the strength of political opposition to social and institutional reforms.

A good supply of the right kind of ingenuity is essential, but it isn't, of course, enough by itself. We know that the creation of wealth, for example, depends not only on an adequate supply of useful ideas but also on the availability of other, more conventional factors of production, like capital and labor. Similarly, prosperity, stability and justice usually depend on the resolution, or at least the containment, of major political struggles over wealth and power. Yet within our economics ingenuity often supplants labor, and growth in the stock of physical plant is usually accompanied by growth in the stock of ingenuity. And in our political systems, we need great ingenuity to set up institutions that successfully manage struggles over wealth and power. Clearly, our economic and political processes are intimately entangled with the production and use of ingenuity.

The past century’s countless incremental changes in our societies around the planet, in our technologies and our interactions with our surrounding natural environments have accumulated to create a qualitatively new world. Because these changes have accumulated slowly, It’s often hard for us to recognize how profound and sweeping they've. They include far larger and denser populations; much higher per capita consumption of natural resources; and far better and more widely available technologies for the movement of people, materials, and especially information.

In combination, these changes have sharply increased the density, intensity, and pace of our inter actions with each other; they have greatly increased the burden we place on our natural environment; and they have helped shift power from national and international institutions to individuals and subgroups, such as political special interests and ethnic factions.

As a result, people in all walks of life-from our political and business leaders to all of us in our day-to-day——must cope with much more complex, urgent, and often unpredictable circumstances. The management of our relationship with this new world requires immense and ever-increasing amounts of social and technical ingenuity. As we strive to maintain or increase our prosperity and improve the quality of our lives, we must make far more sophisticated decisions, and in less time, than ever before.

When we enhance the performance of any system, from our cars to the planet's network of financial institutions, we tend to make it more complex. Many of the natural systems critical to our well-being, like the global climate and the oceans, are extraordinarily complex to begin with. We often can't predict or manage the behavior of complex systems with much precision, because they are often very sensitive to the smallest of changes and perturbations, and their behavior can flip from one mode to another suddenly and dramatically. In general, as the human-made and natural systems we depend upon become more complex, and as our demands on them increase, the institutions and technologies we use to manage them must become more complex too, which further boosts our need for ingenuity.

The good news, though, is that the last century's stunning changes in our societies and technologies have not just increased our need for ingenuity; they have also produced a huge increase in its supply. The growth and urbanization of human populations have combined with astonishing new communication and transportation technologies to expand interactions among people and produce larger, more integrated, and more efficient markets. These changes have, in turn, vastly accelerated the generation and delivery of useful ideas.

But—and this is the critical "but"——we should not jump to the conclusion that the supply of ingenuity always increases in lockstep with our ingenuity requirement: While it's true that necessity is often the mother of invention, we can't always rely on the right kind of ingenuity appearing when and where we need it. In many cases, the complexity and speed of operation of today's vital economic, social, arid ecological systems exceed the human brains grasp. Very few of us have more than a rudimentary understanding of how these systems work. They remain fraught with countless "unknown unknowns," which makes it hard to supply the ingenuity we need to solve problems associated with these systems.

In this book, explore a wide range of other factors that will limit our ability to supply the ingenuity required in the coming century. For example, many people believe that new communication technologies strengthen democracy and will make it easier to find solutions to our societies' collective problems, but the story is less clear than it seems. The crush of information in our everyday lives is shortening our attention span, limiting the time we have to reflect on critical matters of public policy, and making policy arguments more superficial.

Modern markets and science are an important part of the story of how we supply ingenuity. Markets are critically important, because they give entrepreneurs an incentive to produce knowledge. As for science, although it seems to face no theoretical limits, at least in the foreseeable future, practical constraints often slow its progress. The cost of scientific research tends to increase as it delves deeper into nature. And science's rate of advance depends on the characteristic of the natural phenomena it investigates, simply because some phenomena are intrinsically harder to understand than others, so the production of useful new knowledge in these areas can be very slow. Consequently, there is often a critical time lag between the recognition between a problem and the delivery of sufficient ingenuity, in the form of technologies, to solve that problem. Progress in the social sciences is especially slow, for reasons we don't yet understand; but we desperately need better social scientific knowledge to build the sophisticated institutions today’s world demands.

Questions:

Complete each sentence with the appropriate answer, A, B, C, or D

Write the correct answer in boxes 27-30 on your answer sheet.

27 The definition of ingenuity

28 The requirement for ingenuity

29 The creation of social wealth

30 The stability of society

A depends on many factors including climate.

B depends on the management and solution of disputes.

C is not only of technological advance, but more of institutional renovation.

D also depends on the availability of some traditional resources.

Question 31-33

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.

Write your answers in boxes 31-33 on your answer sheet.

31 What does the author say about the incremental change of the last 100 years?

A It has become a hot scholastic discussion among environmentalists.

B Its significance is often not noticed.

C It has reshaped the natural environments we live in.

D It benefited a much larger population than ever.

32 The combination of changes has made life.

A easier

B faster

C slower

D less sophisticated

33 What does the author say about the natural systems?

A New technologies are being developed to predict change with precision.

B Natural systems are often more sophisticated than other systems.

C Minor alterations may cause natural systems to change dramatically.

D Technological developments have rendered human being more independent of natural systems.

Question 34-40

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?

In boxes 34-40 on your answer sheet, write

YES if the statement is true

NO if the statement is false

NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage

34 The demand for ingenuity has been growing during the past 100 years.

35 The ingenuity we have may be inappropriate for solving problems at hand.

36 There are very few who can understand the complex systems of the present world.

37 More information will help us to make better decisions.

38 The next generation will blame the current government for their conduct.

39 Science tends to develop faster in certain areas than others.

40 Social science develops especially slowly because it is not as important as natural science.

雅思阅读全真模拟题：幸福的科学解释

Can Scientists tell us: What happiness is?

A

Economists accept that if people describe themselves as happy, then they are happy. However, psychologists differentiate between levels of happiness. The most immediate type involves a feeling; pleasure or joy. But sometimes happiness is a judgment that life is satisfying, and does not imply an emotional state. Esteemed psychologist Martin Seligman has spearheaded an effort to study the science of happiness. The bad news is that we're not wired to be happy. The good news is that we can do something about it. Since its origins in a Leipzig laboratory 130 years ago, psychology has had little to say about goodness and contentment. Mostly psychologists have concerned themselves with weakness and misery. There are libraries full of theories about why we get sad, worried, and angry. It hasn't been respectable science to study what happens when lives go well. Positive experiences, such as joy, kindness, altruism and heroism, have mainly been ignored. For every 100 psychology papers dealing with anxiety or depression, only one concerns a positive trait.

B

A few pioneers in experimental psychology bucked the trend. Professor Alice Isen of Cornell University and colleagues have demonstrated how positive emotions make people think faster and more creatively. Showing how easy it is to give people an intellectual boost, Isen divided doctors making a tricky diagnosis into three groups: one received candy, one read humanistic statements about medicine, one was a control group. The doctors who had candy displayed the most creative thinking and worked more efficiently. Inspired by Isen and others, Seligman got stuck in. He raised millions of dollars of research money and funded 50 research groups involving 150 scientists across the world. Four positive psychology centres opened, decorated in cheerful colours and furnished with sofas and baby-sitters. There were get-togethers on Mexican beaches where psychologists would snorkel and eat fajitas, then form "pods" to discuss subjects such as wonder and awe. A thousand therapists were coached in the new science.

C

But critics are demanding answers to big questions. What is the point of defining levels of happiness and classifying the virtues? Aren't these concepts vague and impossible to pin down? Can you justify spending funds to research positive states when there are problems such as famine, flood and epidemic depression to be solved? Seligman knows his work can be belittled alongside trite notions such as "the power of positive thinking". His plan to stop the new science floating "on the waves of self- improvement fashions" is to make sure it is anchored to positive philosophy above, and to positive biology below.

D

And this takes us back to our evolutionary past. Homo sapiens evolved during the Pleistocene era (1.8 m to 10,000 years ago), a time of hardship and turmoil. It was the Ice Age, and our ancestors endured long freezes as glaciers formed, then ferocious floods as the ice masses melted. We shared the planet with terrifying creatures such as mammoths, elephant-sized ground sloths and sabre-toothed cats. But by the end of the Pleistocene, all these animals were extinct. Humans, on the other hand, had evolved large brains and used their intelligence to make fire and sophisticated tools, to develop talk and social rituals. Survival in a time of adversity forged our brains into a persistent mould. Professor Seligman says: "Because our brain evolved during a time of ice, flood and famine, we have a catastrophic brain. The way the brain works is looking for what's wrong. The problem is, that worked in the Pleistocene era. It favoured you, but it doesn't work in the modem world."

E

Although most people rate themselves as happy, there is a wealth of evidence to show that negative thinking is deeply ingrained in the human psyche. Experiments show that we remember failures more vividly than successes. We dwell on what went badly, not what went well. Of the six universal emotions, four anger, fear, disgust and sadness are negative and only one, joy, is positive. The sixth, surprise, is psychologist Daniel Nettle, author of Happiness, and one of the Royal Institution lecturers, the negative emotions each tell us "something bad has happened" and suggest a different course of action.

F

What is it about the structure of the brain that underlies our bias towards negative thinking? And is there a biology of joy? At Iowa University, neuroscientists studied what happens when people are shown pleasant and unpleasant pictures. When subjects see landscapes or dolphins playing, part of the frontal lobe of the brain becomes active. But when they are shown unpleasant images a bird covered in oil, or a dead soldier with part of his face missing the response comes from more primitive parts of the brain. The ability to feel negative emotions derives from an ancient danger-recognition system formed early in the brain's evolution. The pre-frontal cortex, which registers happiness, is the part used for higher thinking, an area that evolved later in human history.

G

Our difficulty, according to Daniel Nettle, is that the brain systems for liking and wanting are separate. Wanting involves two ancient regions the amygdala and the nucleus accumbens that communicate using the chemical dopamine to form the brain's reward system. They are involved in anticipating the pleasure of eating and in addiction to drugs. A rat will press a bar repeatedly, ignoring sexually available partners, to receive electrical stimulation of the "wanting" parts of the brain. But having received brain stimulation, the rat eats more but shows no sign of enjoying the food it craved. In humans, a drug like nicotine produces much craving but little pleasure.

H

In essence, what the biology lesson tells us is that negative emotions are fundamental to the human condition, and ifs no wonder they are difficult to eradicate. At the same time, by a trick of nature, our brains are designed to crave but never really achieve lasting happiness.

Question 14-20

The reading passage has seven paragraphs A-H.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter A-H, in boxes 14-20 on your answer sheet.

14 An experiment involving dividing several groups one of which received positive icon

15 Review of a poorly researched psychology area

16 Contrast being made about the brain’s action as response to positive or negative stimulus

17 The skeptical attitude toward the research seemed to be a waste of fund

18 a substance that produces much wanting instead of much liking

19 a conclusion that lasting happiness are hardly obtained because of the nature of brains

20 One description that listed the human emotional categories

Question 21-25

Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using no more than four words from the Reading Passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 21-25 on your answer sheet.

A few pioneers in experimental psychology study what happens when lives go well. Professor Alice divided doctors, making a tricky experiment, into three groups: beside the one control group, the other two either are asked to read humanistic statements about drugs, or received …21... The latter displayed the most creative thinking and worked more efficiently. Since critics are questioning the significance of the …22…for both levels of happiness and classification for the virtues. Professor Seligman countered in an evolutional theory: survival in a time of adversity forged our brains into the way of thinking for what's wrong because we have a…23…

There is bountiful of evidence to show that negative thinking is deeply built in the human psyche. Later, at Iowa University, neuroscientists studied the active parts in brains to contrast when people are shown pleasant and unpleasant pictures. When positive images like…24…are shown, part of the frontal lobe of the brain becomes active. But when they are shown unpleasant image, the response comes from …25…of the brain.

Question 26

Write your answers in boxes 26 on your answer sheet.

Choose the correct letter. A, B, C or D.

According to Daniel Nettle in the last two paragraphs, what is true as the scientists can tell us about happiness

A Brain systems always mix liking and wanting together.

B Negative emotions can be easily rid of if we think positively.

C Happiness is like nicotine we are craving for but get little pleasure.

D The inner mechanism of human brains does not assist us to achieve durable happiness.