雅思高分学霸带你突破雅思阅读高难度题型

留学澳洲的雅思8分学霸为你带来自己的雅思阅读高分经验分享。今天小编给大家带来了雅思高分学霸带你突破雅思阅读高难度题型，希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

雅思高分学霸带你突破雅思阅读高难度题型

其实T/F/NG这类题的难度不算太大，要比heading和matching简单地多，通常这类题在原文中都能找到对应的语句，直接根据对应的1-2句原文就可以做出题目，不需要像heading那样对整个段落进行解读。

首先我们来看一下同学们在T/F/NG这类题目上犯错的几个原因。

1. 对同义词、语句的替换了解不够

我认为这是最根本的原因。很多同学因为对单词和语法掌握的不够扎实，在做阅读题时经常误解语句的意思。同义替换是雅思阅读的考察核心，无论哪一种题型都会大量涉及。比如在T/F/NG题目中，即使是答案为True的题目也往往会把原文中能替换的单词都替换掉。这也导致了很多同学抱怨：明明题目看起来和原文完全不同，答案怎么就是True呢?此外，对同义词、句的掌握还可以帮助我们快速定位原文中对应题目的内容，加快我们的做题速度和正确率。

要想在这方面有所提高，我感觉最好的方法是在做题的时候总结同义词，把意思接近的词语、句子都记录下来反复看，记忆同义单词的同时理清语法结构，很多时候仅仅记住同义词是没用的，还要能够读懂文章中的长难句才可以。我感觉这个方法比直接去看一些参考书上总结的同义词好的多，那些书上列出的同义词经常缺乏语境，看完后很难记住，不知道该怎么用，而根据题目来记忆的话就没有这些问题了。

但是要记住的一点是：阅读里的同义词不要拿到写作里用!但写作里我们掌握的同义词都可以带入到阅读中!这是因为很多时候阅读题的同义词只是在特定的环境下同义而已，而在写作中我们使用的通常是一些比较适用范围比较广的同义词，这个问题在我很多学生身上都有出现，他们想通过背诵一些阅读的同义词就把写作一起给准备了，结果反而出现大量的用词不当。

下面我用剑桥OG的题目来做范例(剑4-11做腻了的同学可以试一下，这是另一套官方的备考材料，我感觉听力比剑桥系列稍简单，但阅读更难)。

剑桥OG Test 1阅读第6题：答案True

题目：Archaeologists realized that the boat had been damaged on purpose.

原文：The boat was not a wreck, but had been deliberately discarded, dismantled and broken.

这道题目中原文的deliberately被替换成了on purpose，而discarded, dismantled and broken则被替换成了damaged。这道题中除了boat这个没法替换的词，其他的基本都被替换了。

题目的意思是船被故意破坏了，和原文的意思相同，所以这道题答案为True。

2. 用联想和常识来做题 & 单词量不够

不少同学在做阅读的判断题时，都会在读完题后，先入为主地认定它是True或者False，然后带着这种偏见来读文章，这是他们会选择性地忽略和自己的偏见不一样的内容。还有的同学则是找到对应的原文中语句后，根据自己的常识对这些语句进行推断，然后此为基准来答题。

这两种方法都是不可取的，雅思阅读考试通常是非常死板的，能根据原文进行联想的空间非常小。

但是当单词量不够的时候，语句的意思我们只能靠自己的常识来猜测，这种时候怎么办呢?下面我还是用一个范例来解释。

剑桥OG Test 1阅读第8题：答案False

题目：Archaeologists went back to the site to try and find the missing northern end of the boat.

原文：The possibility of returning to Dover to search for the boat’s unexcavated northern end was explored, but practical and financial difficulties were insurmountable - and there was no guarantee that the timbers had survived the previous decade in the changed environment.

首先是同义词方面的分析，这道题目中原文的returning to被替换成了went back to，而Dover(地名)则被替换成了the site。原文的find 和missing分别被替换成了search for和 unexcavated。

看到这里同学们可能会说，这两句话的意思看起来一样啊，怎么答案变成了False呢?这时候我们就要看一些具体的意思了，题目中是一个肯定句，意思可以简单理解为Archaeologists回到了Dover这个地方试着找东西，went 这个过去时表明他们已经回去，这个动作在过去发生了(学好语法对阅读和写作都很重要)。而原文中则说的是人们研究了回去找东西的可能性后发现，实际操作和经济上的困难无法克服，并且没有保证某些东西仍然存在。原文表达的意思是回去找东西这个动作没有发生，和题目相违背，所以选择False。

看到这里可能有的同学会问：我不知道insurmountable(无法克服)这个单词的意思怎么办?这个时候就要联系上下文了，根据but这个词我们可以知道，这句话是上一句话的转折，上一句既然说了人们研究了回去找东西的可能性，那么转折一般就是指这个不可行，相反如果可行的话文章中就不会用but了。此外，后面的no guarantee(没有保证)表达的也是一个负面的意思，进一步佐证了这个不可行。

做阅读时不要一看到不认识的单词就害怕，像这个题即使我们不知道insurmountable这个关键词的意思，但根据上下文，仍旧可以推测出大致的意思。

看不懂题就赶紧跳过

但我上面说的这个方法不一定任何时候都好用。如果题目中的关键单词我们都不认识怎么办?其实方法很简单：赶紧做下一道题!雅思阅读的时间是很宝贵的，不能浪费在这种我们完全没有把握的题上。当看到一个题目我们完全读不懂时，就应该快速跳过，在看不懂的情况下再怎么纠结都是浪费时间。这种时候强迫症一定不要犯，我见过太多学生因为花大量的事件纠结一两道题，导致一些本来能做对的题没有时间做，考完向我大吐苦水。

蒙题其实没什么规律

这里插入提供一个蒙题的基本规律：绝大多数情况下，4-5道判断题会有1-2个Not given选项，6-8道判断题则会有2-3个Not Given选项。此外T / F / NG三类题必定至少各有一个。而其他的所谓“规律”大多是谣言，很多培训班的老师说过F选项出现机率比NG高很多，所以在F和NG不确定的时候就选F，但我不太认同这种说法，其实这两种选项出现的次数非常接近，其实做多了就会发现，T/F/NG三项出现的频率是差不多的，可能T略微多一点点。下面上一个我对剑桥OG阅读题中判断题各个选项出现次数所做的统计。

3. 对False和Not given的定义不了解

从F和NG的基本定义来讲，F是指题目和原文互相矛盾，而NG则是原文中存在没有提及的信息，或者根据原文无法推测出该信息。

这项定义隐藏的意思就是：F和原文无法共存，而NG是可以和原文共存但我们不知道它能否存在(这话说起来真绕)。

通俗易懂的解释就是：

原文：孙杨今天在2016年奥运会的男子个人400米自由泳项目上拿了银牌。

题目：孙杨今天在2016年奥运会的男子个人400米自由泳项目上拿了金牌。

这两项明显存在矛盾，无法共存，所以应该选F。如果孙杨已经在这项赛事中拿了银牌，那他自然不可能再在同一项赛事中拿金牌。

而当题目换成这样，答案就会变成NG。

原文：孙杨今天在2016年奥运会的男子个人400米自由泳项目上拿了银牌。

题目：孙杨今天在2016年奥运会上拿了金牌(假设原文中没说孙杨今天都参加了什么比赛)。

题目中只提到了在奥运会上拿了金牌，但有可能孙杨今天在奥运会上参加了多项比赛，有一项得到了金牌。所以根据原文的信息无法推断出题目给的信息是对还是错，这个题应当选NG。

很多同学看到这里可能会反驳了，我今天看奥运会了啊，孙杨明明只参加了一项比赛!但这是雅思阅读题，我们只能根据原文给出的信息去做推测，而不能根据我们所知道的事实。

下面我再用这两道例题来对比一下F和NG的区别。

剑桥OG Test 1阅读第7题：答案False

题目：Initially, only the technological aspects of the boat were examined.

原文：With hindsight, it was significant that the boat was found and studied by mainstream archaeologists who naturally focused on its cultural context. At the time, ancient boats were often considered only from a narrower technological perspective, but news about the Dover boat reached a broad audience.

我们还是先看一下同义词方面，这道题的同义词较为简单，technological aspects被替换为technological perspective，而examined则有studied和considered两个意思相近的替换。

从意思方面来分析，题目中说，考古学家最初只对该船的技术方面做了调查。Only这个词突出了只会在这一个方面做研究，是一种无法和其他方面共存的状态。

而原文中则说，主流考古学家侧重研究这艘船的cultural context(文化背景)，那么这个明显和只研究technological aspects这个说法不共存，应该选择False。此外原文的下一句还对这句话做了更详细的解释，但这也可能误导一些看题不仔细的同学。这句话的意思是，考古学家通常只对古代船只的技术方面进行研究，但更多的人会接收到关于Dover这艘船的报导。这里面but这个词表明实际情况和前半句相反，研究不会仅仅局限于技术方面。

剑桥OG Test 1阅读第9题：答案Not Given

题目：evidence found in 2004 suggested that the Bronze-Age Boat had been used for trade.

原文：Archaeological evidence was beginning to suggest a Bronze-Age community straddling the Channel, brought together by the sea, rather than separated by it.

下面我们来看一道题目和原文可以共存的。

题目中说，在2004年发现的证据表明，这艘青铜时代的船曾被用于贸易。

而原文中提到的则很隐晦，考古学家发现的证据表明，一个青铜时代的群落跨过海峡两岸形成了，大海将他们连接在了一起，而不是分开他们。

这道题目在原文中的信息太隐晦了，straddling the Channel和brought together表明海峡两岸的群落之间是有联系的，那是怎么联系的呢?肯定要用船啊!而这种联系一般也包含了贸易，总不能光坐着船去对面做客吧。

知道了题目背景后，我们可以分析一下这道题的共存状况。题目中说了这艘船曾被用于贸易，这个和原文中隐含的海峡两岸有贸易往来是可以共存的，也就是说这艘船确实可能被用于贸易。但问题是，原文中没有明确说明这艘船的用途，所以这道题的情况就算共存但我们不知道它是否存在。

雅思阅读模拟题：Compliance or Noncompliance for Children

Compliance or Noncompliance for Children

Many Scientists believe that socialization takes a long process, while compliance is the outset of it. Accordingly, compliance for education of children is the priority. Motivationally distinct forms of child compliance, mutually positive affect, and maternal control, observed in 3 control contexts in 103 dyads of mothers and their 26-41-month-old children, were examined as correlates of internalization, assessed using observations of children while alone with prohibited temptations and maternal ratings. One form of compliance (committed compliance), when the child appeared committed wholeheartedly to the maternal agenda and eager to endorse and accept it, was emphasized. Mother-child mutually positive affect was both a predictor and a concomitant of committed compliance. Children who shared positive affect with their mothers showed a high level of committed compliance and were also more internalized. Differences and similarities between children's compliance to requests and prohibitions ("Do" vs. "Don't" demand contexts) were also explored. Maternal "Dos" appeared more challenging to toddlers than the "Don't". Some individual coherence of behavior was also found across both demand contexts. The implications of committed compliance for emerging internalized regulators of conduct are discussed.

A number of parents were not easy to be aware of the compliance, some even overlooked their children's noncompliance. Despite good education, these children did not follow the words from their parents on several occasions, especially boys in certain ages. Fortunately, this rate was acceptable, some parents could be patient with the noncompliance. Someone held that noncompliance is probably not a wrong thing. In order to determine the effects of different parental disciplinary techniques on young children's compliance and noncompliance, mothers were trained to observe emotional incidents involving their own toddler-aged children. Reports of disciplinary encounters were analyzed in terms of the types of discipline used (reasoning, verbal prohibition, physical coercion, love withdrawal, and combinations thereof) and children's responses to that discipline (compliance/ noncompliance and avoidance). The relation between compliance/ noncompliance and type of misdeed (harm to persons, harm to property, and lapses of self-control) was also analyzed. Results indicated that love withdrawal combined with other techniques was most effective in securing children's compliance and that its effectiveness was not a function of the type of technique with which it was combined. Avoidant responses and affective reunification with the parent were more likely to follow love withdrawal than any other technique. Physical coercion was somewhat less effective than love withdrawal, while reasoning and verbal prohibition were not at all effective except when both were combined with physical coercion.

"Noncompliant Children sometimes prefer to say no directly as they were younger, they are easy to deal with the relationship with contemporaries when they are growing up. During the period that children is getting elder, who may learn to use more advanced approaches for their noncompliance. They are more skillful to negotiate or give reasons for refusal rather than show their opposite idea to parents directly," Said Henry Porter, scholar working in Psychology Institute of UK. He indicated that noncompliance means growth in some way, may have benefit for children. Many Experts held different viewpoints in recent years, they tried drilling compliance into children. His collaborator Wallace Freisen believed that Organizing child's daily activities so that they occur in the same order each day as much as possible. This first strategy for defiant children is ultimately the most important. Developing a routine helps a child to know what to expect and increases the chances that he or she will comply with things such as chores, homework, and hygiene requests. When undesirable activities occur in the same order at optimal times during the day, they become habits that are not questioned, but done without thought. Chances are that you have developed some type of routine for yourself in terms of showering, cleaning your house, or doing other types of work. You have an idea in your mind when you will do these things on a regular basis and this helps you to know what to expect. In fact, you have probably already been using most of these compliance strategies for yourself without realizing it. For children, without setting these expectations on a daily basis by making them part of a regular routine, they can become very upset. Just like adults, children think about what they plan to do that day and expect to be able to do what they want. So, when you come along and ask them to do something they weren't already planning to do that day, this can result in automatic refusals and other undesirable defiant behavior. However, by using this compliance strategy with defiant children, these activities are done almost every day in the same general order and the child expects to already do them.

Doctor Steven Walson addressed that organizing fun activities to occur after frequently refused activities. This strategy also works as a positive reinforcer when the child complies with your requests. By arranging your day so that things often refused occur right before highly preferred activities, you are able to eliminate defiant behavior and motivate your child's behavior of doing the undesirable activity. This is not to be presented in a way that the preferred activity is only allowed if a defiant child does the non-preferred activity. However, you can word your request in a way so that your child assumes that you have to do the non-preferred activity before moving on to the next preferred activity. For example, you do not want to say something such as, "If you clean your room we can play a game." Instead word your request like this, "As soon as you are done cleaning your room we will be able to play that really fun game you wanted to play."

Psychologist Paul Edith insisted praise is the best way to make children to comply with. This is probably a common term you are used to hearing by now. If you praise your child's behavior, he or she will be more likely to do that behavior. So, it is essential to use praise when working with defiant children. It also provides your child with positive attention. However, it is important to know how to praise children in a way that encourages future automatic reinforcement for your child when doing a similar behavior.

Question 27-31

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.

Write your answers in boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet.

27 The children, especially boys received good education may

A always comply with their parents' words

B be good at math

C have a high score at school

D disobey their parents’ order sometimes

28 Face to their children's compliance and noncompliance, parents

A must be aware of the compliance

B ask for help from their teachers

C some of them may ignore their noncompliance

D pretend not to see

29 According to Henry Porter, noncompliance for children

A are entirely harmful

B may have positive effects

C needs medicine assistance

D should be treated by expert doctor

30 When children are growing up, they

A always try to directly say no

B are more skillful to negotiate

C learn to cheat instead of noncompliance

D tend to keep silent

31 Which is the possible reaction the passage mentioned for elder children and younger ones if they don't want to comply with the order

A elder children prefer to refuse directly

B elder ones refuse to answer

C younger children may reject directly

D younger ones may save any words

Look at the following people and list of statements below.

Match each person with the correct statement.

Write the correct letter A-G in boxes 32-35 on your answer

32 Henry Porter

33 Wallace Freisen

34 Steven Walson

35 Paul Edith

List of statements

A children of all ages will indirectly show noncompliance

B elder children tend to negotiate rather than show noncompliance

C converse behavior means noncompliance

D organizing fun activities to occur after frequently refused activities

E organizing child's daily activities in the same order as much as possible

F use praise in order to make children compliant

G take the children to school at an early age

Question 36-40

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage?

In boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet, write

YES if the statement is true

NO if the statement is false

NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage

36 Socialization takes a long process, while compliance is the prior research subject.

37 Parents' cognition and attitude to their children's compliance or noncompliance are varied.

38 Younger children choose to be noncompliant because it may be simple to get along with the peers in the same age.

39 Experts never tried drilling compliance into children.

40 Psychologist Paul Edith negated the importance that knowing how to praise children in a encouraged way.

篇章结构

儿童的听从与不听从

体裁：论说文

结构：(一句话概括每段大意)

A段：对于孩子听从和不听从行为的探讨

B段：家长在孩子听从和不听从行为中扮演的角色

C段：英国心理学家对不听从行为表示理解以及反对者的观点

D段：反对者认为孩子应该听从的理由

E段：反对者给出如何让孩子听从的意见

F段：新的学者提出鼓励在听从与不听从行为中的作用。

试题分析：

Question 27-40

题目类型：

单选题 (5题) 答案： D C B B C

List of Statement人名配对 (4题) 答案：B E D F

T/F/NG (5题)答案：NG Y Y N N

参考译文：

许多科学家认为社会化是一个长期的过程，而听从正是其开端。相应地，对于孩子的听从观念的教育就成为优先考虑的问题，通过对3个控制组中103对母亲和她们26至于4个月的孩子的观察，激发性的儿童听从模式和来自母亲的控制有相互的正面影响，而这个结果作为孩子内在化的相关性研究，是通过给与实验组的孩子禁止性的诱.和母亲对孩子干预的评级来评定的，听从的模式之一(忠诚性听从)是指孩子全身心地听从母亲的日程安排，并且很愿意去赞同和接受这种安排，母.之间这种正面的相互影响既是一种预示，也是忠城性听从随之而来的一种结果。能和母亲分享这种良好的正面影响的孩子表现出很高水平的忠诚性听从，同时也更加愿意把想法藏在心底。孩子对于要求的听从和禁止(“做”与“不做”的要求指示)的差异性和相似性也同时被探究出来。对于蹒跚学步的孩子来说，母亲对孩子的“做”的要求指示与“不做”的要求指示相比来说更有挑战性，而跨越这两种要求指示的一些个別的行为连贯性也被揭示。而忠诚性遵从作为日益显露的孩子行为的内在化的调节指标成为人们讨论的对象。

对于很多家长来说，让他们意识到听从这件事并不容易，一些家长甚至忽視孩子的不听从。即使对于一些接受了良好教育的孩子，他们在很多情况下也不听父母的话，尤其是到了一定年纪的男孩子。幸运的是，这种情况的比率还是在可接受范围内的，一些家长对于孩子的这种不听从还是表现出了耐心。有些人认为，孩子不听从大概也不是一件错的事情。为了确定不同的家长训诫方式对小孩子听从与不听从的影响，母亲往往需要训练有素，能够观察到她们蹒跚学步的孩子感情变化的细节。专家从使用的训诫方式的类型(包括讲道理，口头禁止，身体的压制，对孩子的关爱取消和以上几种方式的组合)以及孩子对这些训诫方式的反应(听从或是不听从还是回避)来分析这些有关训诫方式的报告。专家还分析了听 从与不听从和不端行为的类別(包括对別人的伤害，对财务的损坏以及自我控制的失误)之间的关系。结果显示，对孩子的关爱取消辅以其他的一些训诫方式在保证孩子听从父母意见方面是最有效的，结果还表明这种有效性并不是与关爱取消的训诫方式组合的其它方式的功能。和其它训诫方式相比，当父母对孩子取消关爱，孩子往往会对父母的命令产生回避性的反应，并表现出对父母的情感回归，和关爱取消的训诫方式相比，对孩子身体的压制没有那么有效，与此同时，讲道理和口头禁止也一点不起作用， 除非它们两个和身体压制这种方式相结合。

英国心理学研究所的学者Henry Porter曾说道：“不听话的孩子在他们还小的时候有时喜欢直接说“不”，在成长的过程中，他们容易处理和同龄人的关系问题。而当他们再长大些，他们学会用更高级的方式来表现他们的不听从。他们会更善于用和父母协商和向他们讲出拒绝的理由的方式，而不是直接向他们的父母表达反对的观点。”他指出， 孩子不听话某种程度上来讲意味着他们在成长，这对他们也许有利。近些年来，许多专家对此持不同的观点。他们试图训练孩子变得听话。Henry Porter的合作者Wallace Freisen认为，应该训练孩子的日常活动，让他们每天尽可能地有序地完成这些活动。 这是对反抗的孩子最最重要的优先策略。培养孩子的日常规范能够帮助他知道接下来要做什么，也能够加大他或她遵从对于像日常杂务，家庭作业还有卫生这些要求的机会。当一些他们讨厌的事情按着同样的顺序在一天中最理想的时间发生，它们就会成为一种不会被质疑的习惯，并且会不假思索的完成，极有可能你就会给自己养成一个固定的习惯，比如在洗澡，打扫房间或是做其它一些工作。当你养成习惯，在做这些事情的时候，你脑子里就知道该怎么做以及接下来会怎样。事实上，你很可能在没有意识的情况下采用了这种听从策略。对于孩子来说，不通过把这些变成一个他们每天生活的惯例，他们很容易就会很不安。就像大人一样，孩子打算好自己那天要做什么，也知道能得到自己期望的结果。因此，当你走过来让他们去做那天没有计划做的事情的时候，他们很容易就会自动拒绝或表现出其它反抗的行为。然而，对于一些反抗的孩子采用这种听从的策略，当这些事情在他们生活中几乎都会按同样的顺序出现的时候，每天几乎都会被完成而且孩子很期待去完成它们。

Seven Walson博士强调，在一些容易被孩子频繁拒绝的事情后面安棑一些有趣的事是很有必要的。这个方法在孩子很听从你的要求的情况下依然奏效。通过安排好时间，在孩子很想做的事情前面让他做他经常拒绝做的事情，会消除孩子的反抗行为并且会激发孩子愿意去做他本来讨厌的事情。这并不是说只有反抗的孩子做了不想做的事才可以做他想做的事。然而你可以通过口头表达出让你的孩子知道他必须先做自己不想做的事情，才能继续接下来做他想做的事情。比方说，不要说类似这样的话“如果你打扫了房间，你就可以玩会游戏”，而要把它变成这样说“你一打扫完房间就可以玩那个你特別想玩的很有意思的游戏了”。

心理学家Paul Edith坚持认为，表扬是让孩子听从的方式。这可能是你目前为止听过的最熟悉不过的普通方式。如果你表扬了你孩子的某个行为，他/她很可能会重复那个行为。因此，在对付不听话的孩子的时候，表扬他们是很有必要的。表扬也会让你的孩子有一个正面的注意意识。但是把握好怎样表扬孩子好让他们做类似的事情的时候能够自发地去做是至关重要的。