4大雅思阅读失分点分析
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4大雅思阅读失分点分析 你中招了么
雅思阅读失分点之词汇不足
在考试中遇到生词，束手无策，无法正常进行阅读和做题。雅思阅读考试文章来源于国外原版的期刊或杂志，话题覆盖面广，科技，自然，环保，社会，文化，工作，生物，地理等无不涉及，所以遇到生词在情理之中。但一部分考生遇到生词后就信心全失，慌乱至极，打破了自己原有的阅读节奏和速度，做题时也因为生词被卡壳，结果题目不仅没有解出，还影响了后面的做题速度和时间，可谓“一发动而动全身”。对此，专家认为，生词的出现在所难免，只要大家有基本的词汇量，完全可以将生词的问题逐一击破。
雅思阅读失分点之词不答题症
这类考试往往是知道答案的出处，但是在答案的选择上经常弄错。很多时候他们对句子里基本的单词都认识，就是连到一起意思就乱套了。其实说到底着就是对长难句的分析不到位，当句子拎不清主干和从句，意思理解上也就费劲了。我们看如下这句话：Research carried out by scientists in the United States has shown that the proportion of people over 65 suffering from the most common age-related medical problems is . 作为一道填空题，这句话很少有学生能够一遍看明白。首先我们会发现句子的主语是research，提取主干的话，它的谓语动词应该是has shown, 宾语的位置换成了一句话，且答案空在这句话上，故我们题干的中心又落在到了这个宾语从句上，那么从句里很明显主语是the proportion of people 那么谓语动词成了is,根据词性搭配，我们要填的词判断是个形容词，所以把句子简化一下，我们就可理解是Research has shown that the proportion of people is 怎么样，然后通过题干中 United States，over 65快速定位，锁定答案。
从上面的例子可以看出，大家在阅读中是一定要培养自己独立读长难句的能力的。当然，这也绝非短时间内能够突破的，还在于大家平时对文章的精读。所以建议是大家可以在每做完一篇文章后，在文章中挑出至少5个自己看起来费力的句子，把它们彻彻底底弄明白，因为这不仅可以修炼阅读的内力，还可以提升写作的功力，可谓一箭双雕。
雅思阅读失分点之慢工出细活
慢工出细活绝对是中国考生备考雅思阅读的一大误区。在平常的备考过程中没有真正考试的紧迫感，遇见生词立即就求助字典，每一句话都弄明白之后再去做题目，这样的情况下所得的分数对于实际考试没有任何参考性和可比性。雅思考试一个小时的时间完成3篇文章、40道题目是非常紧凑的。如果考生在平时第一遍做题的时候没有能够模拟实战的感觉，那么在考试的时候也很难集中精力去做题目。还有一点就是，遇见生词就查字典这样的习惯也不利于培养考生猜测词义等的基本阅读能力。当然有些基础比较好的考生，他们不会遇见生词就查字典，但往往更加倾向于不分主次信息，完全精读。殊不知雅思考试考察的是学员各种阅读方法结合的能力。完全精读的话，不利于考生培养精读泛读结合的阅读方式，另外也会造成考生没有办法保证在真实考试中可以在规定的时间内完成所有题目。
雅思阅读失分点之臆测做题
根本没有理解文章要表达的意思，在扫完题找到阅读中的定位词就开始答题。IELTS阅读考查的是考生对于所考文章理解，而不是考生的知识面或是对于某个问题的见解。切忌依照文章内容判断而凭生活常识或个人感觉来答题，在做TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN题的时候尤其要注意这一点。
雅思阅读素材积累：No more whirly-splat
雅思阅读：No more whirly-splat
ALTHOUGH rare, engine failure is a stressful thing for a helicopter pilot
to have to deal with. The pilot of a fixed-wing aircraft that loses power can at
least rely on those wings to provide him with lift until his plane's forward
velocity falls below its stall speed. A helicopter, by contrast, derives both
propulsion and lift from its blades. If they stop rotating, a rapid and terminal
encounter with the ground beckons.
To prevent that, the blades of most helicopters have a special clutch that
disengages them from the engine if the engine stops. The pilot has then to
change the pitch of his craft to allow it to enter a mode called autorotation,
in which the rush of air as it descends keeps the blades whirling, thus
providing lift that slows the fall. The transition to autorotation is perilous,
though, because it involves a reversal of the airflow through the blades. And
even if he survives that, the pilot has to perform a second manoeuvre, known as
flaring, just before he hits the ground. This involves pitching the machine's
nose up, in order to reduce its forward velocity and increase the speed of
rotation of the blades—and thus the amount of lift they provide—to soften the
landing.
Both of these maneuvers would be less hazardous if the pilot could call on
a second source of power to turn the blades for a few seconds while he was
performing them, and Jean-Michel Billig and his team at Euro copter (part of
EADS, an aerospace and defence group) hope to provide just that. They are
introducing into helicopters the fashionable concept of hybrid-electric
drive.
Electric motors provide lots of torque—exactly the sort of twisting action
needed to turn rotor blades. Mr Billing's team have therefore fitted one of the
firm's AS350 light helicopters with such a motor, and some lithium-ion batteries
to power it. They are now testing the arrangement to work out how much power is
needed to keep the craft aloft during the transition to autorotation, and during
flaring. Mr Billig thinks Euro copter will be able to offer the system
commercially in about a year's time.
That raises the question of whether it might be feasible to build an
all-electric helicopter. At the moment, the answer is no. As with cars, the
amount of charge a battery can hold is insufficient for robust, everyday use of
the vehicle without the security blanket of an internal combustion engine. But
batteries are improving, and if they were good enough then an electrically
powered helicopter would (like an electric car) be a more elegant solution to
the problem of locomotion than the serial explosions that keep an
internal-combustion engine ticking over.
雅思阅读素材积累：Reviving autopsy
TECHNOLOGY advances not only through new inventions, but also by the
imaginative application of old ones. And one of the most ancient forms of
scientific investigation, the post-mortem autopsy, may be ripe for just such a
technological upgrade. According to a paper in this week's Lancet, published by
Ian Roberts of the John Radcliffe Hospital, in Oxford, it may soon be time to
put away the scalpel and the retractor clamp, and to replace them with the body
scanner.
The study of death is never a cheerful topic, but it has gone through a
particularly gloomy patch over the past few decades. A recent tally by America's
Centres for Disease Control and Prevention showed that in 2007 only 8.5% of
deaths in America were investigated by autopsy. In 1972 that figure was 19.3%.
Britain's coroners are more active, but perhaps not more accurate. Twenty-two
percent of deaths in the United Kingdom lead to an autopsy. According to a
government review, however, one in four is of miserable quality. The upshot in
both cases is not just that the cause of individual deaths may be misascribed.
More seriously, data about the processes of disease are lost, and those diseases
are thus not as well understood as they might have been. Squeamish relatives of
the deceased, too, often do not like the idea of bodies being cut up at the
behest of coroners. Britain's health department therefore commissioned Dr
Roberts to study whether scanning dead bodies in the way that is routine for
living ones would help. His conclusion is that it would.
Rather than slicing the body with a knife, scanning slices them with
radiation. Computerised tomography (CT) uses X-rays to collect information from
many angles, and a lot of processing power to convert that information into
cross-sectional images of a body's inner tissues. In forensic cases CT scans are
often used to spot fractures and haemorrhages. Dr Roberts found them adept at
noticing diseased arteries, as well. The other widespread scanning technique,
magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI), uses radio waves and is best suited for
exploring the detail of soft tissues.
Though both of these technologies have been around for a long time, they
have had only limited use in autopsies. America's authorities conduct CT scans
of dead soldiers—but such scans are employed to augment traditional post
mortems, not replace them. Some coroners in England, spurred on by the religious
objections of Jews and Muslims, do allow scans rather than conventional
autopsies in certain cases. But the accuracy of these scans is unknown. Dr
Roberts is the first to provide data on whether scanning might replace
conventional methods.
He and his colleagues examined 182 bodies in Manchester and Oxford.
Radiologists studied CT and MRI scans of these bodies, made diagnoses based on
them, explained their confidence in these diagnoses, and judged whether the
scans might thus preclude the need for a full autopsy. Within 12 hours of each
scan, a pathologist then performed a conventional autopsy, so that Dr Roberts
could compare the new methods with the old.
The scans were far from perfect. The rate of discrepancy between the cause
of death, as determined by radiology and as determined by conventional autopsy,
was 32% for CT scans, 43% for MRI and 30% for a combination of CT and MRI. Most
troubling, the scans had difficulty showing heart disease, a common killer.
However, radiologists were good at identifying which diagnoses were sound and
which needed to be re-evaluated by a full autopsy. When they felt confident in
their diagnoses—which was the case for 34% of CT investigations and 42% of
MRIs—the discrepancy between the results from scanning and those from autopsies
was lower. For CT scans, it was just 16%.
That is still a significant gap, of course. But not all of it is caused
because traditional methods are better. For one body, for example, scanning
revealed a lethal stroke that dissection missed.All this suggests that scans
might play a useful role in determining causes of death. When a radiologist is
confident in the diagnosis from a scan, a traditional autopsy might be
unnecessary. When he is less confident, his scan could still be a useful guide
for the wielder of the knife.
Automating autopsies by using scanners might also make them cheaper, by
speeding the process up. And it could be done with otherwise-redundant machines
that have been replaced for use on live patients with modern devices which give
off less radiation. That would get rid of the need to buy new kit to cope with
the extra demand for scans. A thorough study of the costs of both approaches
would be needed, of course, and traditional autopsies are unlikely to disappear
completely. But for some deaths, a scan will likely prove better than a
scalpel.
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