雅思阅读遇到不认识生词怎么办
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雅思阅读遇生词很常见，考生很有可能就会在生词陷阱上丢分，下面我们为大家讲解雅思阅读四种猜词方法。
雅思阅读遇到不认识生词 推荐这些猜词方法!
一、同义词猜词
很多时候，单词的意思我们可以通过找到其意思相同或者类似的单词来进行解释。
常见标志词：like, the same as, similar to, means, refer to, that is to say, namely equal to...
Just like his taciturn father, Jon rarely says anything at family gatherings.
我们这里可以看出“taciturn”的词义和“rarely says anything”类似。我们可能对“rarely”这个单词不太熟悉或者不是很肯定其意思，但是我们仔细一看发现“rarely says anything”, “anything”出卖了“rarely”这个单词。“只阅读，不理解”，我们虽然不知道“rarely”的具体意思，但是我们知道，一般来说，anything用在表示否定的句子中，所以“rarely says anything”, 很有可能指的是“很少说话”，所以“taciturn’”的意思是“沉默寡言，话少的”。
PS: 平常经常提到的“rare species”, 意思是指“珍稀物种”，所以rare这个单词指的是“稀少的、稀有的”。比如资源变得稀少，我们可以写成“the natural resources are increasingly becoming rare.”
二、标点符号猜词
某些表示解释性质的标点符号也可以作为猜词的一个关键点。
常见标点符号：-- () :
George is a scrooge: he thinks only of money and will not spend a penny on anything he can get free.
我们根据解释型的标点符号—冒号后面的内容来大致猜测“scrooge”的词义。“他想到的只有钱，只要能够免费获得，就绝不多花一个子儿!”这种人除了“吝啬鬼、守财奴”还有谁!不过，大家如果看过狄更斯的A Christmas Carol(《圣诞赞歌》)这本书，应该知道其中的主人公的名字就是“Scrooge”, 他每天最大的乐趣就是关起房门，点上蜡烛，把他多年积攒的金币一个个地数，数完了重新再数。他没有朋友，不要亲人，只要金钱，是一个不折不扣的守财奴啊!不过也得佩服这位英国的文学大师，起的名字倒是贴切至极!
三、同位语猜词
同位语在语法上，一般是插入到句子中间，解释或者补充句子的某个部分。
常见形式：…, …, …或者其他形式的插入语，如(), … --- … --- …
Ethics--the standard of deeds and moral codes accepted by the society--has a powerful effect on modem business communication.
我们可以根据插入语，同位语大致地猜测出，“ethics”指的是“行为准则和道德标准”。其实在很多行业中经常会碰到这个单词，比如“business ethics”指的就是“商业道德”的意思。
四、反义词猜词
如果发现上下文中有反义词，那么通常可以迅速得到生词的词义。
常见标志词：unlike, as opposed to, in contrast, however ; but, while, yet, although, even if, not... But… , different from, unfortunately, ...
During the concert the audience was quiet, but after it ended the crowd became boisterous.
在音乐会期间，观众非常安静;但是结束以后，就变得"boisterous"(喧闹)。
雅思考试阅读模拟试题精选
1. Washing， brushing and varnishing fossils — all standard conservation treatments used by many fossil hunters and museum curators alike — vastly reduces the chances of recovering ancient DNA.
2. Instead， excavators should be handling at least some of their bounty with gloves， and freezing samples as they are found， dirt and all， concludes a paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences today.
3. Although many palaeontologists know anecdotally that this is the best way to up the odds of extracting good DNA， Eva-Maria Geigl of the Jacques Monod Institute in Paris， France， and her colleagues have now shown just how important conservation practices can be. This information， they say， needs to be hammered home among the people who are actually out in the field digging up bones.
4. Geigl and her colleagues looked at 3，200-year-old fossil bones belonging to a single individual of an extinct cattle species， called an aurochs. The fossils were dug up at a site in France at two different times — either in 1947， and stored in a museum collection， or in 2004， and conserved in sterile conditions at -20 oC.
5. The team's attempts to extract DNA from the 1947 bones all failed. The newly excavated fossils， however， all yielded DNA.
6. Because the bones had been buried for the same amount of time， and in the same conditions， the conservation method had to be to blame says Geigl. "As much DNA was degraded in these 57 years as in the 3，200 years before，" she says.Wash in， wash out
7. Because many palaeontologists base their work on the shape of fossils alone， their methods of conservation are not designed to preserve DNA， Geigl explains.
8. The biggest problem is how they are cleaned. Fossils are often washed together on-site in a large bath， which can allow water — and contaminants in the form of contemporary DNA — to permeate into the porous bones. "Not only is the authentic DNA getting washed out， but contamination is getting washed in，" says Geigl.
9. Most ancient DNA specialists know this already， says Hendrik Poinar， an evolutionary geneticist at McMaster University in Ontario， Canada. But that doesn't mean that best practice has become widespread among those who actually find the fossils.
10. Getting hold of fossils that have been preserved with their DNA in mind relies on close relationships between lab-based geneticists and the excavators， says palaeogeneticist Svante P??bo of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig， Germany. And that only occurs in exceptional cases， he says.
11. P??bo's team， which has been sequencing Neanderthal DNA， continually faces these problems. "When you want to study ancient human and Neanderthal remains， there's a big issue of contamination with contemporary human DNA，" he says.
12. This doesn't mean that all museum specimens are fatally flawed， notes P??bo. The Neanderthal fossils that were recently sequenced in his own lab， for example， had been part of a museum collection treated in the traditional way. But P??bo is keen to see samples of fossils from every major find preserved in line with Geigl's recommendations — just in case. Warm and wet
14. Much human cultural development took place in temperate regions. DNA does not survive well in warm environments in the first place， and can vanish when fossils are washed and treated. For this reason， Geigl says， most ancient DNA studies have been done on permafrost samples， such as the woolly mammoth， or on remains sheltered from the elements in cold caves — including cave bear and Neanderthal fossils.
15. Better conservation methods， and a focus on fresh fossils， could boost DNA extraction from more delicate specimens， says Geigl. And that could shed more light on the story of human evolution.(640 words nature )
Glossary Palaeontologists 古生物学家Aurochs 欧洲野牛Neanderthal (人类学)尼安德特人，旧石器时代的古人类。
雅思考试阅读模拟试题精选
Permafrost (地理)永冻层
- Questions 1-6 Answer the following questions by using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
1. How did people traditionally treat fossils?
2. What suggestions do Geigl and her colleagues give on what should be done when fossils are found?
3. What problems may be posed if fossil bones are washed on-site? Name ONE. 4. What characteristic do fossil bones have to make them susceptible to be contaminated with contemporary DNA when they are washed?
5. What could be better understood when conservation treatments are improved?
6. The passage mentioned several animal species studied by researchers. How many of them are mentioned?
Questions 7-11 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? Please write TRUE if the statement agrees with the writer FALSE if the statement does not agree with the writer NOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage
7. In their paper published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ， Geigl and her colleagues have shown what conservation practices should be followed to preserve ancient DNA.
8. The fossil bones that Geigl and her colleagues studied are all from the same aurochs.
9. Geneticists don‘t have to work on site.
10. Only newly excavated fossil bones using new conservation methods suggested by Geigl and her colleagues contain ancient DNA.
11. Paabo is still worried about the potential problems caused by treatments of fossils in traditional way.
Questions 12-13 Complete the following the statements by choosing letter A-D for each answer. 12. “This information” in paragraph 3 indicates：
[A] It is critical to follow proper practices in preserving ancient DNA.
[B] The best way of getting good DNA is to handle fossils with gloves.
[C] Fossil hunters should wear home-made hammers while digging up bones.
[D] Many palaeontologists know how one should do in treating fossils.
13. The study conducted by Geigl and her colleagues suggests：
[A] the fact that ancient DNA can not be recovered from fossil bones excavated in the past.
[B] the correlation between the amount of burying time and that of the recovered DNA.
[C] the pace at which DNA degrades.
[D] the correlation between conservation practices and degradation of DNA.
1. washing， brushing， varnishing 见第一段。
2. handling with gloves / freezing samples ( any one of the two ) 见第二段。
3. losing authentic DNA / being contaminated / contamination ( any one of the three) 见第八段“Not only is the authentic DNA getting washed out， but contamination is getting washed in”(答being contaminated或 contamination比较保险)
4. they are porous porous 的意思是多孔的。见第八段“…… which can allow water — and contaminants in the form of contemporary DNA — to permeate into the porous bones.”
5. human evolution 见第十五段。其中“shed light on sth”的意思是使某事显得非常清楚，使人了解某事。
6. 4 分别为第四段的“an extinct cattle species， called an aurochs”，即欧洲野牛，已经绝迹;第十一段“Neanderthal”， 是人类学用语，尼安德特人，旧石器时代的古人类;第十四段“woolly mammoth”和“cave bear”，其中mammoth是猛犸，一种古哺乳动物。
7. T 见第二段。
8. T 见第四段“Geigl and her colleagues looked at 3，200-year-old fossil bones belonging to a single individual of an extinct cattle species， called an aurochs.”即他们研究的骨化石是一头欧洲野牛身上的。
9. NG
10. F 见第十二段第一、二句话。
11. T 见第十二段末句“But P??bo is keen to see samples of fossils from every major find preserved in line with Geigl's recommendations — just in case.”意即为保险起见，Paabo还是非常希望见到用Geigl建议的方法保存的化石样本。“just in case” 的意思是以防万一，就是Paabo对用传统保存处理的化石不放心的意思。
12. A 见第三段。This information就是前一句中“…… just how important conservation practices can be”(to preserve good DNA)。“be hammered”之中hammer一词的意思是不断重复强调。
13. D 面信息。需要理解文章各处关于Geigl和她的同事所作的研究
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雅思阅读遇到不认识生词怎么办
