新GRE阅读难句解析_倒装

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新GRE阅读难句解析——倒装

1.Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels，bringing to our attention in the　process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon　Johnson's Autobiography of an Ex-　　Colored Man. (4)注意：bring A to B ——〉bring to B A

《黑人小说》考察了极为广泛的一系列小说，在此过程中让我们注意到了某些引人入胜但却鲜为人知的作品，如詹姆斯。韦尔登。约翰逊(James Weldon Johnson)的《一个曾经是有色人的自传》(Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man)。

难句类型：倒装

解释：在以bringing开头的作状语的分词中出现了倒装，bring A to B被倒装为bring to B A,其倒装的原因仍是为了避免头重脚轻，正常的语序应该如下：bringing some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon johnson's Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man to our attention in the process.

意群训练：Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels, bringing to our attention in the　process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon　Johnson's Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man.

2.Only when a system possesses natural or artificial boundaries that associate the water within it the hydrologic cycle may the entire system properly be termed hydrogeologic.(4)

只有当一个系统拥有自然的或人工形成的边界来把边界中的水与水文循环联系起来的时候，才有可能把整个的系统恰当的成为与水文地质学有关。

难句类型：复杂修饰、倒装

解释：only放在句首时，主句的情态动词may倒装，这是我们高中就已经学过的东西。然而句首的only与倒装的may距离如此之远，这在以前却没有见过，所以读上去让人不习惯。另外一个难点在于，前面的由when所引导的时间状语从句中，宾语boundaries后面跟了一个定语从句，that associate the water within it with the hydrologic cycle,而且从句中的associate with又被water within it所分开，读者还要分神去考虑it所指的是什么，所以读到后面倒装的may的时候，难免不知所云。

意群训练：Only when a system possesses natural or artificial boundaries that associate the water within it with the hydrologic cycle may the entire system properly be termed hydrogeologic.

GRE阅读考试难句解析

1. More probable is bird transport，either externally，by accidental attachment of the seeds to feathers，or internally，by the swallowing of fruit and subsequent excretion of the seeds.

更有可能的是鸟类运输：或者是通过外部途径，即由于种籽偶然粘附在羽毛上;或者是通过内部方式，即由于鸟类吞食果子并随后将种籽排泄出来。

2.It is not known how rare this resemblance is，or whether it is most often seen in　inclusions of silicates such as garnet，whose crystallography is generally somewhat similar to that of diamond;but when present，the resemblance is regarded as compelling evidence that the diamonds and inclusions are truly cogenetic.

现在尚不知这种类似稀少到何种地步，也不知道是否它最常见于象石榴石一类的硅酸盐内含物中，而这类物质的晶体结构普遍地在某种程度上类似于金刚石的晶体结构。但一旦存在，这种类似就被视作极有说服力的证据，证明金刚石与内含物确是同源的。

3.Even the “radical” critiques of this mainstream research model，such as the critique developed in Divided Society，attach the issue of ethnic assimilation too mechanically to factors of economic and social mobility and are thus unable to illuminate the cultural subordination　of Puerto Ricans as a colonial minority.

即使是对这一主流研究模型的“激进”批评，诸如《分裂的社会》(Divided Society)一书中所提出的那种批判，亦将少数民族同化问题过分机构地与经济和社会移动性的因素联系起来，因此无从阐明波多黎各人作为一个殖民地少数民族的文化从属关系。

4.They are called virtual particles in order to distinguish them from real particles，whose lifetimes are not constrained in the same way，and which can be detected.

它们被称为“虚粒子”(virtual particle)，以便与实粒子(real particle)区分开来，而实粒子则不会以这种方式受到制约，并且其存在可得以测定。

5. Other theorists propose that the Moon was ripped out of the Earth’s rocky mantle by the Earth’s collision with another large celestial body after much of the Earth’s iron fell to its core.

其他的理论家提出，在地球的大部分铁沉入到地核之后，由于地球与另一个庞大的天体发生碰撞，月亮便从地球那石质的地幔中撕裂开来而形成的。

6.Thus，what in contrast to the Puritan colonies appears to Davis to bepeculiarly Southern- acquisitiveness，a strong interest in politics andthe law，and　a tendency to cultivate metropolitan　cultural models-wasnot only more typically English than the cultural patterns exhibitedby Puritan Massachusetts and Connecticut，but also almost certainlycharacteristic of most other early modern British　colonies fromBarbados north to Rhode Island and New Hampshire.

因此，那些与(北方)清教殖民地形成鲜明对比、并在戴维斯教授的心目中显得具有特殊南方色彩的特征——占有欲、对政治和法律的浓厚兴趣、以及培养大都市文化模式的倾向——不仅仅要比清教的马萨诸塞州和康乃涅克州所展现出来的文化模式更具有典型的英国色彩，并且几乎毫无疑问地构成了绝大多数其它早期近代英国殖民地的特征，从巴巴多斯北至罗得岛和新罕布什尔州。

GRE阅读考试难句解析

1.A very specialized feeding adaptation in zooplankton is that ofthe tadpolelike appendicularian who lives in a walnut-sized (orsmaller) balloon of mucus equipped with filters that　capture andconcentrate phytoplankton.

浮游动物体内一种极特殊的进食适应性变化是蝌蚪状的尾海鞘纲动物(appendicularian)的那种适应性变化，而尾海鞘纲动物则存活于核桃大小(或更小)的黏液球囊内，装备有过滤器，用以捕捉和集中浮游植物。

2.These historians，however，have analyzed less fully thedevelopment of specifically feminist ideas and activities during thesame period.

但是，这些史学家还不曾充分地分析同一时期中那些具体的女权主义思想和活动的发展。

3.When the core of a giant star whose mass surpasses 1.4 timesthe present mass of our Sun (M⊙)exhausts its nuclear fuel，it is unableto support its own weight and collapses into a tiny neutron star.

当一颗质量超过我们的太阳目前质量(M☉)1.4倍的巨星的内核耗竭其核燃料时，它便无法支撑自身的重量，并收缩成为一颗小型中子星(neutron star)。

4.This is so even though the armed forces operate in an ethos ofinstitutional change oriented toward occupational equality and underthe federal sanction of equal pay for equal equal work.

即使武装部队是在一种趋向于职业平等的体制变革的精神下并在联邦政府同工同酬的鼓励下运作的，情况亦是如此。

5.Not only are liver transplants never rejected，but they eveninduce a state of donor-specific unresponsiveness in which subsequenttransplants of other organs，such as skin，from that donor are acceptedpermanently.

但是，我们已经发现，在许多种老鼠之间，这些移植法的“常规”并没有被肝脏移植物所遵循。肝脏移植物非但从没遭到过排斥，甚至还诱发了一种供者特异性无应答状态(donor-specificunresponsiveness)，在此状态中，随后来自那个供者其它器官的移植物，如皮肤，会永久地被接受。

6.While the new　doctrine seems almost certainly correct，the onepapyrus fragment raises the specter that another may beunearthed，showing，for instance，that it was a posthumous production ofthe　Danaid tetralogy which bested Sophocles，and throwing the dateonce more into utter confusion.

数据资料已被统计出来，或被重新统计出来，以便证明在文体学这方面，《乞援衰女》实际上确实在《波斯人》和《七雄攻忒拜》(后两者现在则变成了“原始”的剧作)之后以及在轴残片却唤起了一种幽灵似的疑虑，即另一块残片有可能再度被挖掘出来，并证明，比如说，《乞援衰女》是作者藉以击败索福克勒斯的《达那特四部曲》的一部死后出版之作，从而将创作年代再度置于极度的混乱之中。

GRE阅读考试难句解析

1.The methods that a community devises to perpetuate itself comeinto being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy that thatcommunity perceives as essential.

一个社会所创造出来藉以使其自身生生不息、恒久不衰的方法得以形成产生，以保存在这个社会看来具有本质意义的文化遗产的各个方面。

2.Because the potential hazards pollen grains are subject to asthey are transported over long distances are enormous，wind pollinated plants have，in the view above，compensated for the ensuing loss ofpollen through happen stance by virtue of producing an amount of pollenthat is one to three orders of magnitude greater than the amount produced by species pollinated by insects.

由于花粉粒在其长距离的运输过程中所要面临的潜在危险是巨大的，按上述观点来看，由风授粉的植物补偿了通过偶发事件而伴随造成的花粉损失。其途径是，制造出大于昆虫授粉的植物种类所产生的花粉量的一至三个数量级的花粉量。

3.For example，the spiral arrangement of scale-bract complexes onovule-bearing pine cones，where the female reproductive organs ofconifers are located，is important to the production of airflow patterns that spiral over the cone's surfaces，there by passing airbornepollen from one scale to the next.

例如，带有胚珠的松球的鳞苞综合体的螺旋状安排，亦即松柏目植物雌性殖器官的所在位置，对于气流模式的形成与产生殊为重要，而这些气流模式在松球的表现盘旋上升，从而把在空气中飞行的花粉从一个鳞苞传播至下一个鳞苞。

4.It was not the change in office technology，but rather the separationof secretarial work，previously seen as an apprenticeship forbeginning managers，from administrative work that in the 1880's createda new class of “dead-end” jobs，thenceforth considered “women's work.”

十九世纪八十年代，产生了新的一类“没前途”的职业，这并不是因为办公室技术发生了改变，而是由于秘书工作——在此之前被视作是初起步的经理们的一种习见训练——与行政工作的分离。自此以后，这类“没前途”的职业便被视作是“女人的工作。”

5.The increase in the numbers of married women employed outsidethe home in the twentieth century had less to do with themechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for thesewomen than it did with their own economic necessity and with highmarriage rates that shrank the available pool of single womenworkers，previously，in many cases，the only women employers would hire.

二十世纪已婚妇女在家庭以外就业的人数不断增加，这与家务的机械化及这些妇女闲暇时间的增加并无多大联系，更多地是与妇女自身的经济需要和高婚姻率相关。高婚姻率致使所能雇佣的单身女工的总量缩减，而在此之前的许多情形中，单身女性则是雇主们所愿雇佣的唯一-一类妇女。

6.In order to understand the nature of the ecologist'sinvestigation，we may think of the density-dependent effects on growthparameters as the “signal” ecologists are trying to isolateandinterpret，one that tends to make the population increase fromrelatively low values or decrease from relatively high ones，while thedensity-independent effects act to produce “noise” in the populationdynamics.

为了能理解生态学家们所从事的研究的性质，我们可以把那些作用于增长参数的密度依赖效应视作生态学家们力图将其分离并予以解释的“信号”，正是这一信号倾向于使种群从相对较低的数值递增，或从相对较高的数值递减;而与此同时，那些密度独立效应起到的作用则构成了种群动态变化中的“噪音”。

GRE阅读难句解析

1.Such philosophical concerns as the mind-body problem or，moregenerally，the nature of human knowledge they believe，are basic human questions whose tentative philosophical solutions have served as the necessary foundations on which all other intellectual speculation hasrested.

他们相信，诸如灵与肉的问题，或更普遍而言，人类知识的性质等此类哲学关注，均是一些基本的人类问题，其探索性的哲学答案已构成一个必要的基础，其它所有的智力思辩均赖以建立其上。

2.The idea of an autonomous discipline called “philosophy，”distinct from and sitting in judgment on such pursuits as theology andscience turns out，on close examination，to be of quite recent origin.

细作审视，我们便不难发现，一种被称为“哲学”的独立学科——既有别于神学和科学诸般学科，并高高在上地对其予以评判——的思想，其渊源却是甚为近期的事。

3.But the recent discovery of detailed similarities in the skeletal structure of the flippers in all three groups undermines the attempt to explain away superficial resemblance as due to convergent evolution-the independent development of similarities between unrelated groups in response to similar environmental pressures.

但是，最近在所有这三类动物身上，对鳍肢的骨骼结构所存在的细致共同点的发现足以削弱这样一种企图，即把表面上的近似作为趋同进化所致的结果来将其解释掉。而所谓的趋同进化(convergente volution)，是指在互不相关的生物群体之间，作为对类似的环境压力作出的反应，彼此独立的发展形成某些相同特征。

4.Human genes contain too little information even to specify which hemisphere of the brain each of a human's 10'' neurons shouldoccupy，let alone the hundreds of connections that each neuron makes.

人类因基所包含的信息是如此之少，以致于就连去具体规定人类1011的神经细胞中任意一个细胞应占据大脑的哪个半脑都无法做到，更不用提每个神经细胞所会形成的数百种连接。

5.These questions are political in the sense that the debate overthem will inevitably be less an exploration of abstract matters in aspirit of disinterested inquiry than an academic power struggle inwhich the careers and professional fortunes of many women scholars-onlynow entering the academic profession in substantial numbers-will be atstake，and with them the chances for a distinctive contribution to humanistic understanding，a contribution that might be an important influence against sexism in our society.

这些问题之所以带有政治性质，因为可避免地，围绕这些问题展开的急诊与其说是一种在客观冷静科研精神指导下对抽象问题的探索，倒不如说是一种学术上的权力斗争。在此斗争中，许多女学者中——只是在现在才开始以众多的人数进入学术界——的学术生涯和职业命运将处于存亡攸关的危急关头，与她们相伴随的是对人文理解作出一种独特贡献的机遇，这一贡献则很有可能成为消除我们社会中所存在的性别主义的一股重要影响。

6.In experiments，an injection of cytoplasm from dextral eggs changes the pattern of sinistral eggs，but an injection from sinistral eggs doesnot influence dextral eggs.

在实验中，用取自右旋卵子的细胞质进行的注射，可改变左旋卵子的模式;用取自左旋卵子的细胞质进行的注射却不能影响到右旋卵子。

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