GRE阅读如何有效的备考

Prominent among theories of the function of sleep is Meddis’ immobilization hypothesis, which holds that sleep, rather than serving a restorative function, plays a protective role during times that animals cannot be usefully engaged in other activities. Meddis reasoned that animals not immediately threatened by predators would be safer if they passed the time sleeping.

However, that hypothesis cannot easily explain why one often observes a rebound in sleep time or intensity following a period of sleep deprivation. Neither does the hypothesis explain the existence of various states of sleep, which themselves may be associated with different functions.

Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.

1. According to the passage, the immobilization hypothesis fails to account for which of the following facts?

A. That sleep does not appear to be a uniform and unchanging state

B. That under certain conditions animals appear to need more sleep than usual

C. That animals rarely sleep when a predator has been detected nearby

2. In the context of the passage as a whole, the highlighted portion serves primarily to

A. present the thinking that led scientists to qualify a widely accepted view

B. describe the basis on which a hypothesis was advanced

C. illustrate the kind of reasoning that is applied in a branch of science

D. explain how a hypothesis can be tested empirically

E. relate the analysis that refined a tentative explanation

答案：

AB B

GRE考试综合阅读理解练习题及答案

In 1919 Britain experienced its largest ever reduction in industrial working hours, to 48 per week. In Dowie’s view the 48-hour week played a central role in Britain’s poor economic performance during the 1920s. Dowie argued that the reduction, together with rapid wage growth, drove up prices. However, Greasly and Oxley found that the First World War (1914-1918) constituted a more powerful negative macroeconomic shock to Britain’s competitiveness. And Scott argues that Dowie’s thesis ignores considerable evidence that hourly productivity improves when hours are reduced from a high base level. Crucially, Dowie’s thesis does not acknowledge that hours were reduced to around 48 hours a week for industrial workers in most industrialized nations at this time so far—undermining any potential impact of reduced hours on industrial productivity relative to other nations.

1. Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest support for Scott’s argument?

A. Companies have generally found that part-time employees are less productive than full-time ones.

B. When the total number of hours worked at a company increases owing to the addition of more employees, the usual result is improved productivity at the company.

C. When the total hours worked by all employees per week in two companies are equivalent, hourly productivity tends to be equivalent as well.

D. Companies whose employees usually work a high number of hours tend to have greater total costs than do similar companies whose employees work fewer hours.

E. Companies have found that total output per employee is not necessarily changed by reductions in the number of hours worked per employee.

2. It can be inferred from the passage that in the view of Greasley and Oxley

A. a reduced workweek was ultimately beneficial to employees

B. the economic effects of the reduction in working hours in 1919 were brief

C. Britain became less economically competitive in the 1920s

D. reduced working hours were the primary cause of the economic changes observed by Dowie

E. the changes in economic performance in Britain in the 1920s were unforeseen

答案：

E C

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