2020年6月20日托福报名时间及入口已公布

托福报名时间一直都是考生们很关注的一个点，今天小编给大家带来了2020年6月20日托福报名时间及入口，希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

2020年6月20日托福报名时间及入口已公布(附托福考点查询)

报名时间

距考试日7天前(不含考试日)为常规报名日;距考试日前第7天至考试日第3天(不含考试日)前为逾期报名日，报名要支付逾期报名附加费，考前3天停止报名。

温馨提示：建议距考试日期3至4个月前报名(查询考位)，托福网考为预付费注册，考生必须预先付费并确认在报名网站上能够查询到您的账款后方能报名注册，考位查询显示‘名额已报满’表示当前考位已报满，建议您经常关注网站考位的变化;已报名考生在进行转、退考操作后，系统会随机释放空出的考位，或请您选择其他城市报考。教育部考试中心还将继续与ETS协调增加考试次数，扩充考点数量和考场容量，以满足考生的报考需求。

报名程序

第一步： 注册成为网上报名系统用户，创建个人档案

首次使用教育部考试中心托福网考®网上报名系统，须先注册成为用户。完成这一步，您需要提供基本的个人资料有：姓名、证件号码、邮寄地址、电 话号码和电子信箱地址，并为自己设置密码用来以后登录个人档案。提交所需要的资料后，教育部考试中心报名系统分配给您的一个NEEA用户号码(NEEA ID)。注册之前，您将看到网上报名协议，它为网上报名系统用户设定了相应的条款。您须点击“同意”按钮，同意遵守这些条款，否则，系统将不允许您进行注册。当成功注册成为系统用户后，系统将向您的电 子 邮 箱发送一封确认邮件。

重要提示：

请牢记NEEA用户号(NEEA ID)和密码。建议您将它们妥善保管。与他人分享您的NEEA用户号(NEEA ID) 和密码将可能导致在未经授权的情况下，您个人的托福网考®报名信息遭到篡改或损害。

您所提交的信息只用于与您本人联系及在考试安全方面使用。

每次登录教育部考试中心网上报名系统，都要输入您的NEEA用户号(NEEA ID)和密码。登录后，系统进入一个属于您个人的区域——

“我的托福®主页”。在这里，您可以：为要注册的考试或预定的服务进行支付，选择考试时间和地点注册考试，查看您的支付情况，确认您的考试时间和地点，或重新注册考试，或取消已注册的考试，还可查看您的成绩。您的个人信息也显示在这里，在“查看个人信息”里，点击

“编辑”可更改地址和电 话号码。

使用NEEA用户号(NEEA ID)可在网上多次报考托福网考®考试。

重要提示：

您的姓名(中文和英文)、性别、身份证件类型、证件号码和生日，这些主要信息将用于托福网考®考试。请确保这些信息是真实和准确的。一旦提交，系统将不允许更改。

第二步：支付考试费

“我的托福®主页”提供给考生“付款”链接。在注册考试或预定服务前，您须先支付费用，支付成功后，才可注册或预定。我们建议您尽早计划可能要选择的服务以便随时注册或预定。

点击“付款”链接，所有托福网考®提供的服务和相关费用参见：最新的收费标准

点击每项服务左边的框即可选择您要的服务。请至少选择一项，然后点击“继续”进入支付方式页面。

目前提供的支付方式共有：

支付宝

首信易支付

网上付费：

请点击支付宝或首信易支付按钮，您将被引导到相应支付平台进行网上支付。当付费完成后，请记录下报名网站系统所提供交易订单号，以便日后用于核对和查询您的付款。通常教育部考试中心托福®报名网站会立即收到您的付款确认。在极少数情况下，系统会延迟确认考生的付款。因此，请在支付成功24小时之后，登录教育部考试中心托福®报名网站，核实您的付费和报名状态。如果届时仍未看到您的付费确认信息，请拨打教育部考试中心托福®考试全国服务热线(电 话： (0)10 82345672，电 子 邮 箱：ibtcsr@ ，工作时间：周一到周五， 8：30-12：00 ; 13：00-17：00) 寻求帮助。

费用支付成功后，您可以登录个人帐户查询余额。在“我的首页”右侧的个人信息下方将显示您的到帐金额。此时您可以在线申请相关服务。

第三步：注册考试

当“我的托福®主页”显示的帐户余额已够支付托福网考服务项目时，点击“注册考试”，即可注册托福网考®考试。

请注意：

距考试日7天前(不含考试日)为常规报名日;距考试日前第7天至考试日第3天(不含考试日)前为逾期报名日，报名要支付逾期报名附加费，考前3天停止报名。

例如：考试日为8月8日，则此次考试的常规报名将在8月1日零时截止。8月1日零时至8月5日零时为逾期报名阶段，在此阶段报名须支付逾期报名附加费。8月5日零时起停止报名。

注册考试分为4个步骤：

考位查询-预定考位-填写报名表-确认付费，完成以上步骤则成功注册了一场考试。 您可以在“注册考试”页面选择所在城市和一个考试日期然后点击“考位查询”，系统会列举出符合条件的考场。 选择某个考场点击“立即预定”按钮即可，当该考场没有安排考试或者座位已全被注册完，“立即预定”按钮就无法点击。 注册完后，屏幕会显示您注册考试的详细信息，包括考试名称、考试日期和时间、考场名称和考场地址。 如您确认以上信息都正确无误，可以点击“提交”按钮，网站会引导您前往“填写报名表”的页面。 请您按照实际情况如实填写报名表信息及背景调查信息， 确认无误后点击“提交报名表”。 网站会提示您即将扣除考试费，如您确认所有报考信息均准确无误后，请点击“确认支付考费”，在二次确认后，系统将扣除您托福账户余额中的考试费。 您可以在“我的托福主页”-“查看已注册信息”中查询到注册成功的考试。 确认注册考试后，您可以在“查看已注册信息”页面中点击“成绩单收件人”项后面的“添加/修改”按钮输入四个免费送分学校的信息，如您还没有这方面的信息，可暂时不填。但请注意，如您想参加考试以后再给学校送分，那么每送给一个学校您就要支付人民币146元。

其他服务：

当您成功注册一个托福网考®考试后，系统将为您提供下列相关的服务：

转考

距考试日10天前(不含考试日和申请日)，您都可以申请转考。但只有在您要重新注册的日期和考场仍有空位时，转考才可能进行。您须首先支付转考费并在“我的托福®主页”中确认支付成功，然后通过“查看已注册考试”申请转考。如您已支付转考费因没有空位或超过转考截止日而未能成功转考，可将此款继续留在帐户中以便日后申请其他服务也可申请退款。

取消报名并退回部分费用距考试日10天前(不含考试日和申请日)，您均可申请取消考试。成功申请取消考试，您将获得相当于考试费50%的退款，其余50%被保留的费用将用于支付您的报名工作和预留考场座位的费用，而不退还给您。逾期报名附加费不予退还。退款不会自动处理，请进入个人主页，选择“查看已注册考试”，点击“退考”按钮取消报名。在您确认后，此前的报名将被取消，扣除退考费后的余额将保存至您的NEEA帐户余额中，您可以在个人主页查看退款记录。余额可以用于再次报考。

获得退款：

您如果需要将NEEA帐户余额退回至自己的银行账户，请登录个人主页，选择“ 申请退款 ”项目，根据网站提示提交退款信息后， 下载 退款申请表，填写完整并发送至教育部考试中心托福考试® 全国服务热线(电 话：010-82345672，电 子 邮 箱：ibtcsr@)。在您的申请表确认无误后的四至六周内，退款将退还至您的原银行帐户或通过银行转账至您所指定的账户。如果您有任何问题或没有收到退款，请及时联系教育部考试中心托福考试全国服务热线。

退款注意事项如下：

• 一年以内网上支付的考生，您可以选择将退款退至原支付卡，不收取银行手续费。

• 如原支付卡无法接收退款或网上支付已超过1年，可采用银行汇款方式接收退款，退款将通过银行转账汇至您提供的银行账户。

重要提示：

• 您的报名一旦取消，将无法恢复。如果您想再次报名，必须从上面所介绍的第二步开始做起。

• 没有按照以上规定办理转考或退考手续，以及在考试当天缺席的考生，考试费用将无法退还。

托福词汇记忆解析：bio

①biology生物学=bio生命+logy学科→物体的生命现象的学科

②biography传记=bio生命+graph写+y→书写一个人生命历程的书

the biography of Steven jobs 乔布斯传记

③antibiotic抗生素= anti反,抗+bio生命+tic→杀死(细菌)生命的→抗菌素

④symbiotic 共生的= sym相同,共同+bio生命+tic→生命在一起的

symbiotic relationship共生关系。

⑤microbe 微生物;=micro微小+be (bio)生命→微小的生命体☻micro微小，如Microsoft微软

⑥amphibian两栖动物=amphi两+bi(o) 生命+an后缀→幼年和成年两种生命方式的→两栖动物

托福阅读考题答案及解析：生态系统长期稳定

The Long-Term Stability of Ecosystems

Plant communities assemble themselves flexibly, and their particular structure depends on the specific history of the area. Ecologists use the term “succession” to refer to the changes that happen in plant communities and ecosystems over time. The first community in a succession is called a pioneer community, while the long-lived community at the end of succession is called a climax community. Pioneer and successional plant communities are said to change over periods from 1 to 500 years. These changes—in plant numbers and the mix of species—are cumulative. Climax communities themselves change but over periods of time greater than about 500 years.

An ecologist who studies a pond today may well find it relatively unchanged in a year’s time. Individual fish may be replaced, but the number of fish will tend to be the same from one year to the next. We can say that the properties of an ecosystem are more stable than the individual organisms that compose the ecosystem.

At one time, ecologists believed that species diversity made ecosystems stable. They believed that the greater the diversity the more stable the ecosystem. Support for this idea came from the observation that long-lasting climax communities usually have more complex food webs and more species diversity than pioneer communities. Ecologists concluded that the apparent stability of climax ecosystems depended on their complexity. To take an extreme example, farmlands dominated by a single crop are so unstable that one year of bad weather or the invasion of a single pest can destroy the entire crop. In contrast, a complex climax community, such as a temperate forest, will tolerate considerable damage from weather to pests.

The question of ecosystem stability is complicated, however. The first problem is that ecologists do not all agree what “stability” means. Stability can be defined as simply lack of change. In that case, the climax community would be considered the most stable, since, by definition, it changes the least over time. Alternatively, stability can be defined as the speed with which an ecosystem returns to a particular form following a major disturbance, such as a fire. This kind of stability is also called resilience. In that case, climax communities would be the most fragile and the least stable, since they can require hundreds of years to return to the climax state.

Even the kind of stability defined as simple lack of change is not always associated with maximum diversity. At least in temperate zones, maximum diversity is often found in mid-successional stages, not in the climax community. Once a redwood forest matures, for example, the kinds of species and the number of individuals growing on the forest floor are reduced. In general, diversity, by itself, does not ensure stability. Mathematical models of ecosystems likewise suggest that diversity does not guarantee ecosystem stability—just the opposite, in fact. A more complicated system is, in general, more likely than a simple system to break down. A fifteen-speed racing bicycle is more likely to break down than a child’s tricycle.

Ecologists are especially interested to know what factors contribute to the resilience of communities because climax communities all over the world are being severely damaged or destroyed by human activities. The destruction caused by the volcanic explosion of Mount St. Helens, in the northwestern United States, for example, pales in comparison to the destruction caused by humans. We need to know what aspects of a community are most important to the community’s resistance to destruction, as well as its recovery.

Many ecologists now think that the relative long-term stability of climax communities comes not from diversity but from the “patchiness” of the environment, an environment that varies from place to place supports more kinds of organisms than an environment that is uniform. A local population that goes extinct is quickly replaced by immigrants from an adjacent community. Even if the new population is of a different species, it can approximately fill the niche vacated by the extinct population and keep the food web intact.

Paragraph 1: Plant communities assemble themselves flexibly, and their particular structure depends on the specific history of the area. Ecologists use the term “succession” to refer to the changes that happen in plant communities and ecosystems over time. The first community in a succession is called a pioneer community, while the long-lived community at the end of succession is called a climax community. Pioneer and successional plant communities are said to change over periods from 1 to 500 years. These changes—in plant numbers and the mix of species—are cumulative. Climax communities themselves change but over periods of time greater than about 500 years.

1. The word “particular” in the passage is closest in meaning to

○Natural

○Final

○Specific

○Complex

2. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is NOT true of climax communities?

○They occur at the end of a succession.

○They last longer than any other type of community.

○The numbers of plants in them and the mix of species do not change.

○They remain stable for at least 500 years at a time.

Paragraph 2: An ecologist who studies a pond today may well find it relatively unchanged in a year’s time. Individual fish may be replaced, but the number of fish will tend to be the same from one year to the next. We can say that the properties of an ecosystem are more stable than the individual organisms that compose the ecosystem.

3. According to paragraph 2, which of the following principles of ecosystems can be learned by studying a pond?

○Ecosystem properties change more slowly than individuals in the system.

○The stability of an ecosystem tends to change as individuals are replaced.

○Individual organisms are stable from one year to the next.

○A change in the members of an organism does not affect an ecosystem’s properties

Paragraph 3: At one time, ecologists believed that species diversity made ecosystems stable. They believed that the greater the diversity the more stable the ecosystem. Support for this idea came from the observation that long-lasting climax communities usually have more complex food webs and more species diversity than pioneer communities. Ecologists concluded that the apparent stability of climax ecosystems depended on their complexity. To take an extreme example, farmlands dominated by a single crop are so unstable that one year of bad weather or the invasion of a single pest can destroy the entire crop. In contrast, a complex climax community, such as a temperate forest, will tolerate considerable damage from weather of pests.

4. According to paragraph 3, ecologists once believed that which of the following illustrated the most stable ecosystems?

○Pioneer communities

○Climax communities

○Single-crop farmlands

○Successional plant communities

Paragraph 4: The question of ecosystem stability is complicated, however. The first problem is that ecologists do not all agree what “stability” means. Stability can be defined as simply lack of change. In that case, the climax community would be considered the most stable, since, by definition, it changes the least over time. Alternatively, stability can be defined as the speed with which an ecosystem returns to a particular form following a major disturbance, such as a fire. This kind of stability is also called resilience. In that case, climax communities would be the most fragile and the least stable, since they can require hundreds of years to return to the climax state.

5. According to paragraph 4, why is the question of ecosystem stability complicated?

○The reasons for ecosystem change are not always clear.

○Ecologists often confuse the word “stability” with the word “resilience.”

○The exact meaning of the word “stability” is debated by ecologists.

○There are many different answers to ecological questions.

6. According to paragraph 4, which of the following is true of climax communities?

○They are more resilient than pioneer communities.

○They can be considered both the most and the least stable communities.

○They are stable because they recover quickly after major disturbances.

○They are the most resilient communities because they change the least over time.

Paragraph 5: Even the kind of stability defined as simple lack of change is not always associated with maximum diversity. At least in temperate zones, maximum diversity is often found in mid-successional stages, not in the climax community. Once a redwood forest matures, for example, the kinds of species and the number of individuals growing on the forest floor are reduced. In general, diversity, by itself, does not ensure stability. Mathematical models of ecosystems likewise suggest that diversity does not guarantee ecosystem stability—just the opposite, in fact. A more complicated system is, in general, more likely than a simple system to break down. (A fifteen-speed racing bicycle is more likely to break down than a child’s tricycle.)

7. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 5 about redwood forests?

○They become less stable as they mature.

○They support many species when they reach climax.

○They are found in temperate zones.

○They have reduced diversity during mid-successional stages.

8. The word “guarantee” in the passage is closest in meaning to

○Increase

○Ensure

○Favor

○Complicate

9. In paragraph 5, why does the author provide the information that “(A fifteen-speed racing bicycle is more likely to break down than a child’s tricycle)”?

○To illustrate a general principle about the stability of systems by using an everyday example

○To demonstrate that an understanding of stability in ecosystems can be applied to help understand stability in other situations

○To make a comparison that supports the claim that, in general, stability increases with diversity

○To provide an example that contradicts mathematical models of ecosystems

Paragraph 6: Ecologists are especially interested to know what factors contribute to the resilience of communities because climax communities all over the world are being severely damaged or destroyed by human activities. The destruction caused by the volcanic explosion of Mount St. Helens, in the northwestern United States, for example, pales in comparison to the destruction caused by humans. We need to know what aspects of a community are most important to the community’s resistance to destruction, as well as its recovery.

10. The word “pales” in the passage is closest in meaning to

○Increases proportionally

○Differs

○Loses significance

○Is common

Paragraph 7：Many ecologists now think that the relative long-term stability of climax communities comes not from diversity but from the “patchiness” of the environment, an environment that varies from place to place supports more kinds of organisms than an environment that is uniform. A local population that goes extinct is quickly replaced by immigrants from an adjacent community. Even if the new population is of a different species, it can approximately fill the niche vacated by the extinct population and keep the food web intact.