GRE阅读制胜法则训练方法及要点解析

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GRE阅读制胜法则训练方法及要点解析

五大要点+训练方法：

要点一：

在难巨资进行的阅读和训练中，只以在大脑中反映出所读英文的意思(不是中文释意)为唯一目的。什么时候读者发现自己完全消除了在阅读过程中的在大脑中的中文释意和语法分析过程，此要求即达到

GRE阅读制胜法则训练方式：

a、意群训练;b、不回视训练;c、合理化原则推力训练;d、速度与理解力的平衡点训练

GRE阅读制胜法则之意群训练：

以几个相邻的表示同类意思的词为阅读的对象，而不是单个的单词。同时避免发声阅读，克服内心的声音和喉头与嘴唇的颤动，关键是：

要点二：

眼睛在阅读材料上移动的速度要比自己在心中或喉头出生阅读的速度要快

GRE阅读制胜法则之不回视训练：

保证第一遍阅读时的高度注意力，避免回视，关键是：

要点三：

在阅读文章时，都要注意整句的回视现象，坚持一遍就都下来

GRE阅读制胜法则之合理化训练：

根据文章中得上下文的逻辑推理，将不懂得地方进行合理推理。

要点四：

凡遇到不懂得地方，就用合理化推理进行推理

GRE阅读制胜法则之速度与理解力的平衡点训练：

推出自己的速度与理解力的平衡点;在阅读中根据所读的内容的难度和重要性程度，调整自己的现场阅读速度。

要点五：

贵在坚持，不可半途而废。

GRE阅读制胜法则：长句、难句重磅解析

1. Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances,authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological,and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise.(4)

虽然小说无疑起源于政治情状，但其作者则是以非意识形态的方式对这些政治情状作出反应的，而将小说和故事主要地当作意识形态的工具来探讨，会在相当程度上阻碍小说事业。

难句类型：复杂修饰

解释：本句从句子的结构上来讲，惟一的难度在于and之后的句子的主语talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments ofideology太长，以至于看到谓语circumvent的时候已经搞不清楚主谓了。更大的难度恐怕还在于对两个词汇的理解circumvent和 enterprise.我们以前所背过的circumvent有两个词义，一个是规避，一是以计谋战胜，但是这两种意思放到此处都显然不通;其实 circumvent有一个我们没有背过的最常用的意思是包围、限制或陷害;至于enterprise常用的意思是企业，这里的指事业。

意群训练：Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances，its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological,and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise.

2. Is this a defect，or are the authors working out of,or trying to forge,a different kind of aesthetic? (3)

这究竟是一种缺陷呢，还是这些作者想要按照一种与众不同的美学体系进行创作，抑或是在试图创立一种与众不同的美学体系?

难句类型：插入语

解释：本句的句子既短，意思也不难理解，但插入语(or trying to forge)的干扰作用却极强。

意群训练：Is this a defect, or are the authors working out of, or trying to forge, a different kind of aesthetic?

GRE阅读制胜法则：长句、难句重磅解析

1. Studies by Hargrave and Geen estimated natural community grazing rates by measuring feeding rates of　individual zooplankton species in the　laboratory and then computing community grazing rates for field conditions　using the known population density　of grazers. (5)

由哈格雷夫(Hargrave)和吉恩(Geen)所进行的研究，对自然条件下的群落捕食速率进行了估计，其手段是通过测量出实验室内单独的浮游动物种类的捕食速率，然后利用已知的食草动物种群密度，计算出实地状况下的群落捕食速率。

难句类型：复杂修饰

解释：本句对阅读者的阅读能力提出了更高的要求，不但要求读者读清楚句子的复杂的结构，而且对读者的词汇能力也提出了更高的要求。

By以前结构无需解释，by以后有两个作介词宾语短语的动名词结构，measuring和后面表示并列和顺接的and then之后的computing,说的是计算方法;前一个measuring说的是先算出实验室中浮游动物品种的单位捕食速率，后面的 computing前其实省略了一个by,而且在这个动名词结构中还包括一个分词结构using the known population density of grazers,用已知的捕食者的种群密度计算出其野外的群体捕食速率。整个的by以后的计算过程简单了就是：实验室单位速率×野外密度=野外群体速率。

另外本句中的词汇也颇有迷惑性;虽然没有太难的单词，但是很多单词都是同义词和反义词，容易让人读混(斜线分隔同义词，冒号分隔反义词)。

estimate/measure/compute; feeding rates/grazing rates; zooplankton/grazers; natureal/field; laboratory community; individuall

意群训练：Studies by Hargrave and Geen estimated natural community graz-ing rates by measuring feeding rates of　individual zooplankton species in the　laboratory and then computing community grazing rates for field conditions　using the known population density　of grazers.

2. In the periods of peak zooplankton abundance,that is,in the late spring and in the summer,Haney recorded maximum daily community grazing rates,for nutrient-poor　lakes and bog lakes,respectively,of 6.6 percent and 114 percent of daily phytoplankton production. (3+)

在浮游动物数量激增的高峰期，亦即在春季后期以及夏季，哈尼记录了最大程度上的每日群落食草比率，对于营养物不充足的湖和沼泽湖而言，分别为每日浮游植物繁殖量的6.6%和114%。

难句类型：插入语

解释：句中有两组插入语，每组两个插入语，尤其是第二组，把rate of从中间劈开。不过因为句义尚好理解，所以本句只是有一点别扭，但不算太难。

意群训练：In the periods of peak zooplankton abundance,that is,in the late spring and in the summer,Haney recorded maximum daily community grazing rates,for nutrient-poor lakes and bog lakes，respectively,of 6.6 percent and 114 percent of daily phytoplankton production.

GRE阅读制胜法则：长句、难句重磅解析

1. Which of the following most probably provides an appropriate analogy from human morphology for the "details" versus "constraints" distinction made in the passage in relation to human behavior? (5)

以下哪一个选项最有可能为文章中所谈到的与人类行为有关的“人类行为细节”相对“人类所受限制”之间的差异，从人类形态的角度上提供了一个合适的类比?

难句类型：复杂修饰、抽象词

解释：本句子在所有GRE或GMAT阅读题的题干中是最难读懂的题干之一。本句不但结构复杂，而且用词抽象，使得读者如果想根据语义来搞清楚谁修饰谁，也变得极为困难。分析如下：本句的主干是Which of the following provides an analogy for the details versus constraints distinction? Versus是一个介词，等于against,即体育比赛中的VS。其他的所有成分均是一些修饰成分。其中一个对答题最重要的限制条件是from human morphology,　说明这种类比的比较双方所比的必须是人类形态上的特征。

意群训练：Which of the following most probably provides an appropriate analogy from human morphology for the "details" versus "constraints" distinction made in the passage in relation to human behavior?

2. A low number of algal cells in the presence of a high number of grazers suggested,but did not prove, that the grazers　had removed most of the algae. (3+)

在存在大量食草动物的同时却只有少量的水藻花粉囊，这暗示出——但没能证明——食草动物已吞噬了大部分水藻。

难句类型：插入语

解释：本句主语很长，而且谓语suggested与that引导的宾语从句间被插入语but did not prove隔开，造成阅读障碍。当suggest与but did not prove连在一起使用的时候，其意思不是建议，而是指一种基于主观臆测的推理，中文翻译成“暗示”。其英文释义为：to call to mind by though or association the explosion suggested sabotage。GRE、GMAT及LSAT文章中，常用suggest,but do not prove来描述一种没有真凭实据、可能有问题的理论，然后在后面的叙述中把它否定掉。

意群训练：A low number of algal cells in the presence of a high number of grazers suggested，but did not prove, that the grazers　had removed most of the algae.

GRE阅读制胜法则：长句、难句重磅解析

1. The historian Frederick J. Turner wrote in the 1890's that the agrarian discontent that had been developing　steadily in the United States since about 1870 had been precipitated by the　closing of the internal frontier——that is,the depletion of available new land　needed for further expansion of the American farming system. (4)

史学家弗雷德里克.杰.特纳(Frederick J.Turner)于十九世纪九十年代著述道，美国约自18世纪70年代以来一直在持续不断发展的农民不满，由于国内边远地区(internal frontier)的封闭而更趋加剧——亦即是说，美国农业系统进一步扩展所必需的可资利用的新土地几近耗竭。

难句类型：复杂修饰

解释：典型的句子套句子。主句是F.J.T. wrote that，宾语从句中主干是the agrarian discontent had been precipitated by the closing of the internal frontier,在从句的主语the agrarian discontent后面又来了一个定语从句。

意群训练：The historian Frederick J. Turner wrote in the 1890's that the agrarian discontent that had been developing　steadily in the United States since about 1870 had been precipitated by the　closing of the internal frontier——that is,the depletion of available new land　needed for further expansion of the American farming system.

2. In the early 1950's，historians who studied preindustrial Europe (which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800) began, for the first time in large numbers,to　investigate more of the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political　and social elite:the kings,generals,judges,nobles,bishops,and local magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books. (4)

难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语

译文：二十世纪五十年代早期，研究前工业化时代欧洲(此处我们可将其界定为约自1300年至1800年这一时期的欧洲)的史学家，首次以众多的人数 (杨鹏的书中：第一次以大量的数据)，开始调查前工业化时代欧洲人口中的大多数，而非那些构成了政治与社会精英阶层的百分之二或三的人口，即国王、将军、法官、贵族、主教、以及地方上的达官显贵，而正是这部分人一直到那时为止普遍充斥于史学著作。

解释：句子中有两个插入语，一个是跟在preindustrial Europe之后的which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800,这个插入语的直接作用是解释前面的preindustrial Europe的年代，而起到的客观作用则是把主句中的主语和谓语分割得很远;第二个插入语是在began,for the first time in large numbers, to investingate中间，把一个好好的began to斩为两段。

这句话另外一个难以理解的地方是more of the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent,表示的是在工业化以前的欧洲人口中超过了那2%到3%的人，亦即占97%到98%的人民群众。

意群训练：In the early 1950's,historians who studied preindustrial Europe (which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800) began,for the first time in large numbers,to investigate more of the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite:the kings,generals,judges,nobles,bishops,and local magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books.