托福写作词汇如何才能运用自如
托福写作词汇与阅读和听力词汇不同，写作是输出项，掌握的词汇不仅要认识，还要会用，能够在写作中熟练运用这些词汇。今天小编给大家带来了托福写作词汇如何才能运用自如,希望能够帮助到大家，一起来学习吧。
托福写作词汇如何才能运用自如
一.阅读词汇量和写作词汇量有区别
所谓词汇量，从宏观出发指的是你所掌握的单词总数。比如说你为了参加托福考试，整日茶饭不思，大门不出在家苦苦求索，用无数大脑细胞换来的单词记忆量。这个首先保证的是你的阅读能力，当你看到这个单词的时候好像形同陌路，也有点似曾相识，但是可以很大程度上帮助你理解整篇文章的意思，如此一来，你做TOEFL阅读部分的时候，词汇量的大小决定了你对文章的认知程度。可是对于写作而言，这个单词量就要另当别论了，或许你可以有几万个单词在大脑里，可是谈到写作，就很难用单词量来衡量你的具体应用了;换句话说，你认识他们每一个人，但是他们是不是认识你就不好说了。
二.如何积累托福写作词汇
很多同学背单词的坚韧精神让我佩服不已，但一如既往地记忆的确很好，可是在写作方面还是有很多苦恼：一般是提笔忘字或者高级词汇的使用，还有就是句型过于简单罗列，使得整篇文章缺少亮点和层次感。想要避免提笔忘字，就要谈到词汇要怎么记忆了，纯粹的单词表记忆，破坏了单词之间的联系性，积累写作方面的单词，最好不要逐一地背单词表，按照字母顺序排列的单词，彼此之间的联系太少。针对这一特点，市场上TOEFL写作类的图书都做了很多调整，经常在每篇范文之后附加了文章中好的词汇和短语，这样在你学习了范文的写法之后，再回味一下文章中的词汇精华，一举两得。如果有充分的时间，可以选择一些文字类新闻多一些的英文网站。通过阅读新闻来积累单词，首先很多社会新闻可以成为我们写作的构思素材，其次多元化的新闻，不容易产生死背单词的枯燥感。
三.托福写作词汇应用方法
关于高级词汇在托福写作中的应用，我觉得要顺其自然。有些考生总是喜欢找一些级别高的单词，甚至是被人冷落的单词进行记忆，这就好像让莎士比亚去考托福一样，级别相差太多。我见过很多学生，尤其是高中生，因为记忆力还保持在茂盛期，所以偏爱这种类型的记忆;这样做的优点在于你的单词量扩展得很好，基本可以参加GRE的考试，缺点就是牺牲太多时间，也会损害记忆能力。针对TOEFL考试，词汇上的升级其实也很简单，我们来看下边这个例子：
important ?significant ?magnificent
具体应用到句子中：
1. WTO is planning an important conference about commercial regulations。
2. It is a significant contribution to the society。
3. We have visited the magnificent Forbidden city。
这几个词大家都很熟悉，都有“重要，华丽”的意思。可是作为同级比较的形容词，它们之间的关系则是递进式的，其强调的重要或者华丽的程度也在逐渐提升。如果你按照这样的顺序来进行记忆，不但可以记牢这几个单词，而且可以得到如何应用的真谛。所以所谓的高级词汇的应用，要从基础开始，打好基础之后再进行积累，切忌操之过急。再来看看下边这个例子：
Humility humiliate humiliated humiliating
这几个词汇都是由humility衍生出来的，但是意思大不相同，humility是我们的传统美德，叫做“谦卑”，和pride正好是反义词;而humiliate却是“使人蒙尘”的意思，humiliate和humiliating一般口语使用偏多，指的是“感觉很丢脸，没有面子”。例如：I feel humiliated或者it is humiliating.有时候，与其花费大量时间去记忆新单词和词组，都不如在已经掌握的单词中进行联想性的扩展来的有效和实惠。其实道理很简单，说一个东西好，很好，到非常好，相当好，甚至好到不能再好，这是一个纵向比较的记忆方法，按照级别的不同进行选择性的记忆和使用。
我们再看看下边这个例子：
So amazing are these crew members that they have successfully accomplished space walk，what a brilliant mission!
这句话是某英文网站对神舟七号的评价，这个属于句子的倒装，但是强调的内容是amazing。这个词意思很广泛，而且同义词也有很多，例如incredible, wonderful,甚至unbelievable，这里用amazing是表示难以置信的好，类似incredible，是对太空行走这次任务完成的积极评价，这就是高级词汇的同等记忆了，这几个词都有“美妙，奇妙，难以置信”之类的意思，记忆的方法属于横向比较，也就是说，都是表示好到不能再好之类的意思，但是好的方向不同，所以单词的选择会有区别。
托福考试作文独立写作范文：拥有多项技能的人更成功
People who develop different skills are more successful than people who develop one skill only.
托福写作范文参考:
When it comes to the qualities of successful people, people varying in education background and experience tend to give distinctive answers. Some would argue that those who are successful should be versatile and excel in lots of skills like communication skills, leadership skills and even organizational skills while others believe that one who is exceptional in one area is more likely to be successful. I personally believe that a versatile person with various skill sets can be more successful.
Admittedly, as the saying goes Jack of all trades and master of none and there are rare cases where some people who are expert in only one field stand out. However, it is more common for versatile people with multiple skills to be successful because of the following reasons.
First off, people who are talented and versatile are more competitive and competent in their career, and they enjoy a better change to be promoted in a professional setting. Actually, a lot of positions require a combination of skill sets, such as paying attention to details, knowledge in a specific field and communication skills, etc. Indeed, more skills will give someone more chance to get promoted. For instance, if a computer programmer just knows how to write program and focuses only on the technical side of the job, chances are that he would never get promoted. On the other hand, if not only does the computer programmer have programming skills but also he is a genius people-wise, he might get a better shot to be promoted as a manager in charge of a team of computer programmers. Thus, he can enjoy more opportunities in his career.
Additionally, it is much easier for a versatile person with various skill sets to build rapport with people and make friends. It is self-evident that people with all kinds of skills will be very attractive and charismatic. A person who not only has professional knowledge in one specific field but also has people skills and leadership skills will be very popular and standing out among his or her peers. For instance, my friend Alex, a bright young professional working in the financial industrial. He was awarded the most valuable banker in his company because of his professionalism and dedication to serving the customers and clients. Not only is he successful in his professional life, but also he is an amateur violinist. Actually, he plays for a city choir to represent the community and go against other cities' choir. Such skills can be very useful when building up connections with people and thus he can expand his social network easily. Furthermore, he can use these skills to entertain his clients and customers on certain occasions and have their trust on him.
In conclusion, a versatile person with various skill sets can be more competitive and outstrip others in the workplace, eventually they enjoy better chance to be promoted. Another advantage of having multiples skills is that it can be much easier and readily for them to network and expand their social connections.
托福考试作文独立写作范文：花长时间做重要决定是好品质吗
(A/D)Spending a long time in making an important decision is often considered as a bad quality. However, some people think that it is a good quality for a person.
举一反三：
A/D: One quality that a successful leader must have is to make decision quickly; when a leader takes too much time to make decisions, he will be seen as ineffective to the people he lead.
点睛
题目大意：花长时间做重要决定是一种好的品质。建议选择不同意，即认为快速做决策才是一种好的品质，因为一是可以抓住机会，二是可以体现一个人超强的分析和预判能力。
2016年8月20日托福独立写作题目： A/D: One quality that a successful leader must have is to make decision quickly; when a leader takes too much time to make decisions, he will be seen as ineffective to the people he lead. (来自学生回忆版，与原题可能有少许出入，但题干表达意思大体相同)
这是一篇难度较大的独立写作，首先所需要论证的题干中的快速做出决策的这一点就相对而言比较抽象，尤其是对于中学生考生而言，因为首先在思路上很难对题干形成有效的展开，其次大部分同学平时素材的积累很少，更别说这类关于领导类的素材。
写作参考一:
With the society becoming increasingly complex, we make numerous decisions every single day, some of which are simple while others of which are more complex. The issue whether Spending a long time in making an important decision is often considered as a good quality has triggered a hot debate. Personally speaking, my answer towards this question is negative, that is, making quick decision is good, for the following reasons.
First of all, making quick decisions can help people grasp the precious opportunities.As is known to all, change is the permanent topic in nearly every area of life including day-to-day life and business world. In other words, the opportunities may vanish in the blink of an eye. As a result, people who spend much time pondering different paths for the fear of making errors may end up missing out the chances. On the contrary, quick decision making will boost the likelihood of seizing the opportunities, which makes his or her have an edge over other competitors. This is especially true of the business competition. In the commercial world, To illustrate, a decisive leader will not block subordinates from getting things done and thus . For example, if an entrepreneur find changes in the needs of customers, there is a need of quick decisions to satisfy their new demand. Without quick response to the appeals of the clients, competitors around the same business may take the initiative to make headway in these emerging markets.
Apart from that, making quick decicions reflects the strong ability of analysis of a person. As is common sense, analytical skills is a basis for quick decision making. As you can see, an analytical skill is the ability of a person to draw conclusions and to make quality decisions based on incomplete information. Put it in another way, the characteristic of analytical people is to address all of the critical elements needed for a successful outcome more quickly than average persons can do. Consequently, these decisive people will leave a good impression on others and thus improve their charisma. By contrast, spending too much time in making decisions means that you can only make up your mind after collecting all the information. This practice may make others feel that you are hesitant in doing things.
Admittedly, some opponents may assert that it is a good quality to spend a long time in decision-making, because the quality of the decision certainly depends on the speed of making it. However, the above claim has overlooked a fact that no matter how much time you spend making a decision, there is always a chance that it won’t turn out the way you had envisioned. In this case, the quick decision making can help you more timely fix the wrong decisions.
In a nutshell, spending long time in decision making is anything but a good quality, because people will let opportunities slip off and leave a indecisive impression on others.
写作参考二:
An efficient leader is a key factor for the successful development of an enterprise and how to define an effective leader varies from person to person. Some people may believe a leader must make a quick decision to be successful since opportunity seldom knocks twice. However, some others contradict with the statement and they argue that leaders, especially those in the area of politics and business, have to be patient enough to be considerate. From my perspective, I am more favor of the former one.
When it comes to the area of business, leaders have to acclimatize themselves to the constantly changing environment and respond soon enough to grasp the chance. A number of examples can be found around us to demonstrate the exceptional urgency of making quick decision. Mark Zuckerberg made a quick decision to acquire Instagram, which turned out to be bold but successful, given Twitter, one of Facebook’s strongest competitors, had already considered to merge Ins. Besides, the landslide of Apple over Nokia, one of the giants in the phones’ market can prove the importance of responding quick for leaders. Those leaders of conventional ideas in Nokia stuck to manufacturing keyboard phones and still refused to center on developing and researching Touch-screen technology, which has proven to be a big mistake. As a result, Nokia had to declare bankruptcy. When reflecting on the failure of Nokia and success of Apple, the key is to make a quick decision to reform products to satisfy consumers’ tastes and demands.
Speaking of national leaders, making a swift and effective decision will be highly indispensable to deal with various emergencies. To prevent the exacerbation of some events, politicians have to take quick and credible actions. For instance, the outburst of Ebola virus has caused serious damage to human beings and as a leader of a country, he has to make an instantaneous decision to assemble medical experts and restrict the migration movement of population. Another convincing example would be the military action aiming at ISIS, a self-proclaimed country but a terror organization. The president of the United States called on Britain and several other Western countries to launch a joint military strike to crack down those terrorists after many innocent civilians including journalists, local residents or tourists from different country were killed by those extremists. Although the terror group was not wiped out yet, the immediate action had played a major role in reducing threats from those. Obviously, for politicians and national leaders, it is necessary to take quick action.
Admittedly, there is also an opposite voice echoing that leaders have to be patient to reduce the possibilities of causing missteps. For instance, during World War Two, to win the success, Franklin Roosevelt gave the order to hit Japan by dropping atomic bombs soon after the Pearl Harbor was attacked. The explosion of those two atomic bombs led Japan to surrender, however, caused huge damage to local environment. It appears plausible, however, the consequences of not using atomic bombs would be more disastrous because of Japan militarism’s great harm to the entire human beings.
To conclude, leaders have to make a response and decision as quick as possible in most occasions no matter which field they are in.
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