托福写作开头论述和结尾应该怎么写
托福独立写作想要拿到高分不仅要写出好的开头，还需要有充实的内容和漂亮的结尾。下面小编就和大家分享托福独立写作技巧：开头，论述和结尾应该怎么写,希望能够帮助到大家，来欣赏一下吧。
托福独立写作技巧：开头，论述和结尾应该怎么写
一.托福独立写作技巧之文章开头
托福独立写作的开头无外乎介绍背景，引出话题，表明观点和限定下文发展四个方面。背景介绍一定要把握住关键词，不能跑题。很多学员死记硬背了一些开头句式，遇到什么题目都往里面套，结果当然很牵强。很多独立写作的题目完全可以逆向思维，题目说什么往往现实生活缺什么，可以从相反的方向入手去写。如：
In order to improve teaching quality, colleges and universities should increase professors’ salary. Do you agree or disagree?
这个题目完全可以围绕教学质量展开，再谈到提升教学质量的方法，引入题目观点，后表明自己立场。从反面入手可以谈教学质量下滑令人担忧，人们为提升教学质量在想各种办法，有人建议增加教授们的工资作为激励手段，考生此时应表明自己的立场及理由。按这样的思路，第一段可以轻松达到50词以上。正如官方指南所讲“不要仅仅为了增加文章字数而死记硬背一些冗长的首末段。”
Nowadays, the decline of teaching quality has worried the public a lot. Some people suggest that the government should increase salary for professors in college and universities as incentives to improve teaching quality. From my perspective, this is an effective way to make the teaching staff willing to devote to their teaching. I feel this way for two major reasons.
这样的开头既能很好地交代背景、引出话题又利于下文的展开。
二.托福独立写作技巧之展开论述
根据OG,评分人员评估考生作文的质量，即评估考生如何展开论点，组织文章结构。所以考生要学会用包括事例、细节、理由等在内的各种方式来支持文章的观点。我的主体段落通常采用总-分-总的思路去写。主体段落第一句必须是观点清楚的主题句，这个段落必须围绕主题句的controlling idea来展开，否则就会出现不切题的可能。论点的展开我通常会用到的写作手法有原因分析法，后果延伸法，反面假设法或正反对比法以及举例论证法，最后以归纳总结作为整个段落的结束。运用这些方法写出的文章自然逻辑性强，组织严密，能很好地为主题服务。以赞同在公共场合禁烟为例，我的主体段落展开如下：
Firstly, smoking is detrimental to the health of smokers and people around them. It is because tobacco contains many harmful even poisonous substances such as tar and nicotine, which can give rise to many respiratory diseases, say lung cancer. If smoking is prohibited in public places, people do not need to worry about these terrible diseases. A typical example of this is mu uncle, mu mother’s younger brother, who used to smoke many cigarettes a day, and later he was found to be sick with lung cancer. He had to accept an operation to cut off part of his lung. What’ more, he had to suffer from the subsequent chemical treatment. Thus, for the health of smokers and people around, smoking must be banned in public places.
上面这段文章运用这些手法比较容易地写出127个词，所以考生在写主体段落时一定要有清楚的思路，紧扣中心思想，运用上述写作方法就能较好地把握段落的统一性、渐进性和连贯性，使文章结构严谨，条理清晰。
三.托福独立写作技巧之总结全文
很多考生在前文纠结时间太好，以至于最后没有时间去结尾。没有结尾的文章结构是不完整的。结尾可以从单个方面入手：concluding phrase, restatement of your standpoint and summary of your ideas. 从这三个方面入手，考生的构思好文章开头后就可以很快地敲定文章的结尾。
托福考试作文独立写作范文：自己的经验比询问别人更能解决问题
It’s more important to use your own knowledge and experience than ask others’ knowledge and experience to solve problems.
写作参考一:
People tend to respond to problems differently given the fact that personalities may vary among different individuals. When it comes to the question of whether or not to solve the problem based on one’s own experience and knowledge or solicit others advice, I tend to believe that it really depends on the nature of the problem and we can not draw a definitive line here.
On the one hand, a rookie without any experience in a particular field can learn a great deal of knowledge and develop useful skills when learning from an experienced individual. For instance, when my father taught me how to ride a bike, I remember his experience and knowledge were extremely useful. My father sat me on the paddle with one feet hanging in the air, and I hold the handlebar straight and bent my arms a little bit so that I could keep balance. After my dad’s instruction and guidance，eventually I learned how to ride a bike. Also, in a working environment, the knowledge and experience of senior employees can be very helpful for someone who hold junior positions in the company. The expertise of senior workers have proven from time to time that a certain strategy of business operation cannot be paralleled by any other approach. Indeed, a recent study done by the National Society of Organizational Behavior indicates that one enjoys a better chance to be successful in his professional life if he gets intensive coaching and training from senior managers during the first two years of his job. Consequently, we can conclude that on some occasions it is beneficial for someone to capitalize on others’ experience and knowledge.
On the other hand, for problems, setbacks or major decisions that have a significant impact on the individual’s life, it is not rational to be influenced by others’ opinions and perspectives. For example, when you have big decisions like which university to attend or whether or not taking on a new career path, it is far better for you to figure it out and sort it through by yourself other than solicit the advice from others. Above all, nobody knows you better than yourself. You are the one who needs to live with the decision and other people won’t be the ones with the consequence. Frankly, it takes a lot of courage to stand up and take personal responsibility for your own decision. Any decision made out of assertiveness and confidence should be respected, however, nobody shows any respect to those who are wishy-washy and hesitate to make their own decisions.
In conclusion, we cannot readily draw a definitive line on question of is it better to use your own knowledge and experience than ask others’ knowledge and experience to solve problems since it has has to be examined case by case.
写作参考二:
There are abundant of difficulties and problems people need to handle and deal with in one’s lifetime. Different ways of handling will lead to different consequences, though they may finally solve the problems. Some people are for the opinion to seek advice from other people, for it may be faster and more comprehensive; on the other hand, some people, including me, are more inclining to solve problems using our own resources, for these experience will help us grow.
Admittedly, seeking advice from other people may serve as a shortcut to the problem. A person is not a lonely island in the world. With more ideas and opinions, one can easily find one of the most appropriate ways to solve their problem, be it money ones or the career ones. People will feel much easier to raise funds for urgent uses with friends’ assistances; one will also be relieved or soothing with others’ encouragement when finishing something difficult. It is those helping hand that help us go though the tides and solve the problems. However, other people cannot think in our own position, thus may not help us solve the problems from the deep root. Besides, solving problems by oneself can hone many cherished characters, which definitely can’t be gained with others’ help.
On the one hand, solving problems on one’s own is conducive to cultivate one’s independence. As an integral part of people, being independence can help people think and solve problems on one’s own, for it is people themselves can help them out. This kind of ability can well help adapt to the society, for one will encounter different kinds of problems in a lifetime, some of which can not be solved with others’ help, like tests, races and other important occasions. While others’ help serves as an outer factor, it is one’s own ability that matters and helps one grow. For example, a lot of people, especially successful people, are independent in almost everything, which are trained and cultivated in cracking problems. Relying on other people for advice may end up in disappointment. Thus, solving problem using one’s own experiences and knowledge ameliorate one’s independence and adaptability.
On the other hand, solving problem on one’s own is beneficial for cultivating one’s social responsibility. As a people, one must be responsible for what he/she has done. During problem-solving process, one would definitely experience all kinds of situations, thus knowing what kind of solution would work out best for them. If one fails to solve the problem, he/she will draw the experience and do better next time; if one happens to solve the problem with his/her own experience and knowledge, one will prepare for not having the same problems in the future. One will gradually know how to be responsible for one’s own decision and life, be it a bad or a good consequence. Therefore, solving problems on one’s own serves as the important step for one to be mature and responsible.
In a nutshell, it is strongly recommended that solving problems using one’s own experiences and knowledge, which cannot only cultivate one’s independence but also one’s responsibility.
写作参考三:
With the society becoming increasingly complicated, we find that everyone will inevitably encounter countless problems throughout his or her whole life. When it comes to how to address these problems, the senior strongly recommend that it is better to use one’s own knowledge or experience rather than to ask others for advice, while the young adults may view the issue from the opposite angle. As far as I am concerned, the latter stance is more reasonable, with the reasons as follows.
First, one conspicuous benefit of seeking suggestion from others is that people can solve the troubles or problems more efficiently. As is common sense, the knowledge and experience owned by any individual is limited to some extent so that it may take longer time to work out a complex problem without help from others. By contrast, asking others for advice is a totally different picture. My own experience is a good case in point. Back to my high school life, the chemistry class was a disaster for me because I had great difficulties in memorizing the chemical elements. Given the above situation, I asked my chemistry teacher, an experienced expert in chemistry, for help. According to his suggestions, I had a thorough review of the table of chemical elements and learned the internal relation between each element, thus gaining a satisfactory score in the midterm test.
Secondly, what also cannot be neglected is that turning to others for advice can help to enlarge our social network. For one thing, the course of seeking and receiving suggestions from others is one of the most typical form of communication, which can make us grasp the important principles and skills of establishing close relation with other people. To illustrate, it is of great necessity to maintain humble and modest when you want others to do a favor for you. For another, while being asked to give some advice, people will feel that they are valued and recognized by advice-seekers so that they are more likely to have a soft spot for those who seek counsels. Obviously, one’s humble personality and the mutual appreciation will definitely contribute to the enhancement of interpersonal relationship. Nevertheless, working on a problem individually will greatly reduce our opportunities to communicate with others and thus weaken our social ability, with the worst consequence of isolating ourselves from the whole society.
Factoring what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that asking others for advice is a better choice, in order to tackle the problems in a more efficient way and enlarge social circle.
托福考试作文独立写作范文：电影比电视更有教育意义
Do you agree or disagree: The movies are worth watching only if they can teach something in real life.
写作范文参考:
No matter who you are, you are definitely in a dire need for excitement and thrill. Then, a controversy might appear among the public whether citizens should only watch those movies that can teach something in real life. Some of you may only watch those movies that can help to expand one’s knowledge and reveal the life stories, however, I strongly disagree with the statement and I think there will be a variety of reasons to watch movies.
Initially, entertainment is the principle reason for the entire world watching movies. Be it comedy, science-fiction, drama or action, movies are a medium of leisure and recreation for every single individual ranging from those on streets to the high and mighty residents in penthouses. Put it in another words, the greatest of all benefits of watching a movie is that it entertains you and calms your tumultuous heart down. Take me as an example. I feel very tired after the full devotion to my career in a week and there is no time for the gym and outdoor activities just because of the busy work schedules. Then, I will choose to lie on my couch and watch movies of many kinds with a bowl of munchies like popcorns and sodas during the weekends. By being engrossed in a comedy show that can evoke hearty laughs, I will encounter situations with a positive frame of mind. Besides, when watching the horror movies, I will feel excited, scared, and emotional during those two and a half hours, leading me to be transferred to a world far away from the reality. Obviously, no matter what kind of movies they are, they will be worth watching if they can entertain you.
Another general concern about movies is that they can help fasten the bonds between families. More often than not, what audiences are more focused on, during the process of watching movies, is the time they spend with their families rather than the well-orchestrated plots or the life lessons they might disclose. Current citizens can afford to spend too much time having fun like traveling around the city or having a party because most of them are under huge pressure from the society and most of their time has to be occupied by a variety of professional tasks. However, watching movies won’t consume too much time, serving as a stress buster and lubricant to strengthen relationship with families. Almost at every weekend, I will hang out with my girlfriend to watch movies whatever the genre is and staying with each other at that moment can help shorten our mental distance and we can just hold hands of each other and feel so close between us. Accordingly, my personal experience can help explain how we spend with our families or lovers like watching movies matters more than what we can learn from the movies.
In a word, I don’t think only those movies that tell us important life stories are worth watching. What I truly believe is those movies that can entertain audiences and provide viewers with a chance to stay with each other are more welcomed.
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