托福独立写作面对题目不知道如何展开
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托福独立写作要求考生自行选择或者提炼观点并进行合理论述，而对于观点也要求大家能够从不同角度来进行论证，今天小编和大家分享托福独立写作面对题目不知道如何展开,希望能帮助到大家，来欣赏一下吧。
托福独立写作面对题目不知道如何展开?重视逻辑才能列好提纲
官方指南OG对作文题目展开的要求介绍
首先我们来看一下OG是如何要求well-developed的：
ave I done my best to support and develop my ideas?
(有没有支持立场的分论点?)
o I include enough details in each paragraph so that the main idea and topic sentence are explained fully?
(每段是否有很充分的细节支持分论点?)
o I use words and phrases that help the reader think about relationships between different ideas in the essay?
(句与句之间是否有用逻辑连接词/短语?)
不是硬塞逻辑词就能强行展开
每个段落要做到很好的展开，就要注意句与句之间的逻辑性。OG中介绍了很多种展开的方法，包括讲故事、举例子、说道理等等，同时补充了大量的逻辑连接词。同学们习惯于把逻辑连接词/短语事先准备好，平时练习或者考试时都先打出来再往里面僵硬地填充内容，以为可以骗过e-rater和考官。但在这些逻辑词下，我们往往会看到同学写出这样的内容：因为独生子女，所以自私;因为科技和经济发展，所以压力大。
其实第二句和第一句之间并没有直接的因果关系，第二句并不是对第一句的进一步论述，所以即便有暗示逻辑关系的连接词/短语，内容上并非如此。也就是不符合评分标准中的渐进性(progression)。
实例讲解如何展开论述逻辑链
在上面第一个“因为独生子女，所以自私”的例子中，我们可以这样推理：独生子女(only-child)→得到更多家人的关注(limelight)→缺少付出的意识(less give, more take)→自私(egoism);此外，独生子女→缺少和兄弟姐妹的相处(interact with siblings)→缺少分享的意识(share)→自私。这样的两条简单逻辑链就可以推出“自私”的结果。
第二个“因为科技和经济发展，所以压力大”的例子展开方式也有很多，大家即可以说科技和经济发展→人口增加竞争激烈→压力大，也可以说科技和经济发展→工作方式更加复杂→要掌握的工作技能更多→压力大。同样是两条逻辑链让推导变得更加合理自洽。
所以针对这一问题，小编建议同学们结合托福考前预测机经中的主题句，在草稿纸上用中文关键词罗列因果链，训练演绎推理的方法，反复追问因果关系(causality)是否成立。
托福写作解析:经典高分句型
托福写作高分句型1、表示原因
1)There are three reasons for this.
2)The reasons for this are as follows.
3)The reason for this is obvious.
4)The reason for this is not far to seek.
点击获取托福写作TPO真题系列资料【题目+思路+模板+范文】 5)The reason for this is that...
例如： There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life.Firstly,peoples living standard has been greatly improved.Secondly,most people are well paid,and they can afford what they need or like.Last but not least,more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life.
托福写作高分句型2、表示好处
1)It has the following advantages.
2)It does us a lot of good.
3)It benefits us quite a lot.
4)It is beneficial to us.
5)It is of great benefit to us.
例如： Books are like friends.They can help us know the world better,and they can open our minds and widen our horizons.Therefore,reading extensively is of great benefit to us.
托福写作高分句型3、表示坏处
1)It has more disadvantages than advantages.
2)It does us much harm.
3)It is harmfulto us.
例如：However,everything dividesinto two.Television can also
托福写作高分句型4、表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能
1)It is important(necessary,difficult,convenient,possible)for sb.to do sth.
2)We think it necessary to do sth.
3)It plays an important role in our life.
例如： Computers are now being used everywhere,whether in the government,in schools or in business.Soon,computers will be found in every home,too.We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age.
托福写作高分句型5、表示措施
1)We should take some effective measures.
2)We should try our best to overcome(conquer)the difficulties.
3)We should do our utmost in doing sth.
4)We should solve the problems that we are confronted(faced)with.
例如：The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious.Therefore,we must take some effective measures to solve it.
托福写作模板:公共交通
托福写作模板及范文参考：
Should governments spend more money on improving roads and highways，or should governments spend more money on improving public transportation (buses，trains，subways)? Why? Use specific reasons and details to develop your essay.
托福写作范文参考：
Should governments spend more money on improving roads and highways or on improving public transportations? There seems to be a difficult problem since many reasons should be involved. However， after carefully pondering it， I buttress the last one， spending the money on improving public transportation. The reasons are presented below：
There is no denying that improving the public transportation will surely alleviate the pollution given off by enormous cars. If a city has not a developed public transportation， the air will be polluted more heavily. What a dirty environment we will live in! Every day breathing into the air filled with the flour of the gasoline， seeing the sky with the dull color will be the title of our life.
So the essence of environment has been realized by an increasingly number of people， to the governments， the protection of environment is especially an undeniable mission. Another reason I agree with it is that developed public transportation will decrease the frequency of the traffic jams. Perhaps no worse word than “traffic jams” exists， to the businessmen who believe in “Time is money”. Traffic jams not only cost the people time and expense， but also create a bad mood for work. It greatly decreases the efficiency of the whole city. I imagine how can a city whose avenue full of traffic jams develop its economics?
Finally， I want to say that improving the public transportation provide a great number of ways of transportation for most of the poor people who can not afford to buy a car. It is known that our citizens is not made of only people who has the ability to own a car， but the very poor people are also included. I believe that however the technology is improved， the public apparatus should not be ignored， because it serves the people all over the city.
Nevertheless， the private transportation has its own advantages， for instance， it can save a lot of time in some cases， provide some convenience for people. But improving on roads and highways is advantageous only conditionally. Based on the above discussion， I agree with the opinion that the government should spend money on improving public transportation not only it can protect environment and save time for people， but it also can create a convenient environment for all the citizens.
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