托福写作的经常扣分点
在托福写作考试中，考生想要写出一篇精彩出色的作文，那么你的托福作文中就需要避免一些扣分点。今天小编给大家带来了托福写作的经常扣分点，希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
托福写作的经常扣分点
扣分一: 照抄题目，照搬原文
例如有道题的题目是“ Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children can benefit in important ways from taking care of a pet animal.”，然后考生的第一句话就直接复制粘贴了，考生的第一句话是：”For the question if I agree or disagree with the following statement? Children can benefit in important ways from taking care of a pet animal. Well, as far as I am concerned...”
这种明显的凑字数，不改动句子，连最基本的同义词互换都没有做到。这种很容易让考官降低读文章的兴趣，使得分数不够理想。考生可以使用例如“When it comes to the issue about …, as far as I am concerned…”。这样会大大提高考官好感度。
扣分二: 论据根本不能证明自己的观点
例如，在写官方真题Official28的独立题(Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents today are more involved in their children's education than parents were in the past.)时候，第一段是这么写的：“孩子的教育受到重视，孩子的将来也取决于他们的表现，家长们很关心孩子的教育。因此我同意现在的家长比从前更重视参与到孩子的教育中去了。
大家看到这感觉到问题的所在了么，这位考生一直在说“现在孩子的教育受到家长重视”，然而这并不能证明“现在的家长比从前更 加重视参与到孩子的教育中去了”。一定要切题，紧抓主题，不能以为写很多，或者用的关键词多就证明紧抓主旨。
扣分三: 假大空的废话一大堆
假大空的废话容易让考官觉得故意凑字数，读完没人有人思考，如同嚼蜡。无论是描述一件事情有多么深远的意义，还是描述一个东西有多么有意思，总是反复不停地说：“这个事情有意义是因为这是多么有意义的一件事”“这个东西是多么的有趣是因为这是一个多么有趣的东西”。因此，如果说明某事有意义，应该说 “这个东西多么的有趣是因为有一次我带着这个东西出去玩然后……”这种顺序才能让考官感同身受。
扣分四： 跑题
例如，一个考生的托福作文中题目是这样的，“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Always telling the truth is the most important consideration in any relationship between people.”然后该考生在作文中大致思路如是写道：“Always telling the truth”是不理性的，而他认为我们应该做一个理性的人，他自己是理工科的学生，他觉得理工科的学生更为理性，而文科的学生总是不那么理性……然后就没有然后了，这种是考生经常犯的错误，刚开始是正在主题中，中途一遇到自己擅长的部分，就开始无线扩展，导致很难回到主题上来，加上时间限制，就草草生硬的加了结尾。
扣分五: 自相矛盾
出现这个情况的考生，和跑题的考生的文章有着“相通之处”，跑题的考生是要么一开始就跑偏，要么半路跑偏。而自相矛盾的考生呢，不是举例子写着写着不知道怎么就矛盾了，就是写到后来写得自相矛盾了的。
例如这题：“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People today spend too much time on personal enjoyment—doing things they like to do—rather than doing things they should do.”。有一位童鞋的作文里面，开头写自己“同意人们现在花太多时间在个人娱乐上”，并且说的也有理有据，说现在的人就知道打游戏等，结果写到后面，就写成了现在的人工作压力太大，家庭压力也很大，很多时间都花在了工作、家庭上，很少有时间能娱乐……这种自相矛盾的很容易在写完后检查时发现，由于时间关系，要么放弃，要么慌忙改正，导致文章结构松散。
只要考试注意上面这五个扣分点，那么对你的托福写作考试的提高一定会有帮助，我们在平时的练习中也该注意这些方面，对自己高要求，才可再托福写作中发挥出很好的水平。最后，小编预祝大家托福考试能取得理想的成绩。
托福PPTest2语法题笔记篇
41. In a barter economy, a person having something to trade must make contact with another person ________ and has something acceptable to offer in exchange.
A. and who wants it
B. wants it
C. who wants it
D. who does it want
答案：C
分析及考点：定语从句。A中and多余。B缺连接词。D词序颠倒。
参考译文：在易物交换的体系中，有东西想做交易的人必须跟另一个想要这东西并能在交易中提供可接受物品的人接触。
42. The chief justice of the United States is the country’s _________ and is appointed by the President with the approval of the Senate.
A. judicial officer highest
B. officer judicial highest
C. officer highest judicial
D. highest judicial officer
答案：D
分析及考点：形容词顺序的考察。因为中心词是officer，所以ABC都错。
参考译文：美国的首席法官是国家最高的司法官员，并在参议院批准下由总统任命。
43. Including land and water, the state of Alaska ________ an area of 1,530,700 square kilometers, equal to about one-sixth of the size of the United States.
A. having
B. where there is
C. which is
D. has
答案：D
分析及考点：句子缺谓语。不构成从句。
参考译文：包括土地和水域，阿拉斯加州有1530700平方公里面积，相当于1/6美国的大小。
44. _________ until the twelfth century that the magnetic compass was used for navigation.
A. Its not being
B. It was not
C. Not
D. Was not
答案：B
分析及考点：强调句型。It was … that …
参考译文：直到20世纪，磁性指南针才被用于航行。
45. Although she wrote only two short novels and 19 stories during her brief career, Flannery O’Connor made _________ to United States fiction.
A. a contribution is important
B. an important contribution
C. a contribution and important
D. is an important contribution
答案：B
分析及考点：动词make的用法，make 直接加宾语。
参考译文：尽管Flannery O’Connor在她短暂的职业生涯中只写了2部短篇小说和19个故事，但她对美国的小说作出了重要的贡献。
46. The New York City Ballet has been _________ of United States classical ballet companies since its inception in 1946.
A. the consistently creative most
B. consistently creative the most
C. most creative the consistently
D. the most consistently creative
答案：D
分析及考点：形容词词序问题。中心词是creative。
参考译文：纽约城市芭蕾是从1946年芭蕾起始后的美国传统芭蕾舞公司中最一贯的继承芭蕾舞艺术的。
47. When condensation occurs close to the ground, _________ results in fog or dew.
A. or
B. the
C. it
D. then
答案：C
分析及考点：主句缺主语
参考译文：当水蒸气在离地面很近的地方凝结的时候，就形成了雾或露水。
48. Desktop publishing systems are capable of _________ camera-ready pages made up of text and graphics, with text set in different typefaces and sizes.
A. when producing
B. produce
C. to produce
D. producing
答案：D
分析及考点：介词后面跟动名词。be capable of doing sth也是固定搭配。
参考译文：桌面印刷系统能够生产出由文本和图形混合在一起的现成的照相机成像相片，文本还可以设置不同的字体和大小。
49. The femur is the _________ in the body.
A. bone is the largest and longest
B. largest and the longest bone that
C. largest and longest bone
D. bone largest and longest and
答案：C
分析及考点：词序问题。中心词是bone。
参考译文：大腿骨是身体中最大和最长的骨头。
50. Spurred by the phenomenal growth of the city of Chicago after the Civil War, Illinois became ________.
A. that a major industrial state
B. to a major industrial state
C. a major industrial state
D. to be a major industrial state
答案：C
分析及考点：及物动词become的用法，直接加名词宾语。
参考译文：受内战以后芝加哥城市显著发展的激励，Illinois州成为一个主要的工业州。
51. _________ from the Caribbean islands explored the area now known as Texas and New Mexico as early as the sixteenth century.
A. Spaniards who
B. As Spaniards
C. When Spaniards
D. Spaniards
答案：D
分析及考点：主句句子缺主语。
参考译文：来自加勒比海群岛的西班牙人早在16世纪就开始开发现在众所周知的德州和新墨西哥州。
52. If volcanoes erupt explosively and cast fluid lava high into the air, _________, dispersed by the wind, gives rise to particles of various sizes.
A. the lava
B. and lava
C. when lava
D. which lava is
答案：A
分析及考点：整个句子缺主语。
参考译文：如果火山猛烈喷发，把岩浆在空中喷的很高，风就会吧熔岩吹散开，各种大小的颗粒就会飞升到空中。
53. North America displays more ________ than any other continent except Asia; only a true tropical environment is absent.
A. vary climate
B. climate varied
C. climatically varied
D. climatic variation
答案：D
分析及考点：词序和词组重心问题。天气变化，variation是中心词。
参考译文：北美比除了亚洲以外的其他大陆显示出更多的气候多样性，只缺了真正的热带环境。
54. Neurobiologists believe _________ endorphins and other neurochemicals may control our hunger for certain kinds of foods.
A. whose
B. that if
C. that
D. of those
答案：C
分析及考点：believe引导宾语从句，一定用that连接。
参考译文：神经生物学家认为，endorphins和其他神经化学物资控制着我们对某些种类食物的欲望。
55. A feature of Carlsbad Caverns in New Mexico is the nightly emergence, except during the winter hibernation period, of _________.
A. several bats million
B. bats million several
C. several million bats
D. million several bats
答案：C
分析及考点：词序和词义。中心词是bats。
参考译文：新墨西哥州的Carlsbad大洞穴的一个特色就是每夜出现的几百万只蝙蝠。
56. _________ 639 named muscles in the human anatomy.
A. As are
B. There are
C. Of the
D. That are
答案：B
分析及考点：there be句型。句子缺主谓。表示有的意思用there are。
参考译文：在人体解剖学中有639块命了名的肌肉。
57. _________, or striated, muscles are subject to the will and control of the body and are attached to the skeleton by tendons.
A. The voluntary are
B. There are voluntary
C. That the voluntary
D. The voluntary
答案：D
分析及考点：句子有主语谓语，缺修饰成分，AB都有多余的谓语动词。C中that多余，没有指代。
参考译文：主官性或者条纹状肌肉可以受意志和身体的控制所支配，它们通过肌腱跟骨骼相连。
58. Orchestra conductor Michael Morgan became interested in classical music as a high school student when _________ rehearsals of the National Symphony in Washington, D.C.
A. beginning his attending
B. did he begin attending
C. he began attending
D. began attending his
答案：C
分析及考点：定语从句中，要求主谓完整，词序正常。
参考译文：当管弦乐队指挥Michael Morgan还是高中学生的时候，在华盛顿排练民族交响乐的时候开始对传统音乐感兴趣了。
59. Virtually the same array of mammals _________ in the hills surrounding Los Angeles today occupied this area in the late Pleistocene era.
A. that they live
B. lives
C. that lives
D. that living
答案：C
分析及考点：主句谓语动词是occupied，所以是定语从句应用。
参考译文：事实上，现在生活在洛山基周围山上的同样系列的哺乳动物在更新纪的后期占据着这个区域。
60. Wood has been the _________ for furniture since antiquity.
A. commonly most material used
B. used material commonly most
C. commonly material used most
D. most commonly used material
答案：D
分析及考点：词序问题。Material是中心词。
参考译文：木头从古以来都是做家具最常用的材料。
托福语法题做题规律口诀
口诀一：一语法,二逻辑(语义),三用法
这一口诀概括的是托福语法题整体解题思路和策略,其含义是:
一语法: 做托福语法题,首先从"语法"层次开始.在这一层次,正确答案与干扰项之间的区分在语法(或句子成分)的差别上.无须弄懂句子的意思即可做对.
如: (1) —— were derived from Lation.
A. All Romance languages
B. While Romance languages
C. There are Romance languages
D. With Romance languages
上句中缺少的明显是主语,必须由一个名词性结构来充当.4个选项中,只有"A"项是名词性结构.答案只能是A.
(2) The (scientific) revolution of the early 1900's (affected) education by (change) the nature of (technology).
上句中介词by之后必须由名词性结构来充当宾语.后面的change虽然既可作动词,也可作名词,但由于其后面还有一个名词性结构,按照"两个名词不见面"的口诀——我们后面将具体讨论——这里只能为动词,所以C项错,答案为changing.
上面两道题均可以在不考虑句子意思的前提下即找到正确答案.这类题在托福语法"填空"部分占85%以上,在"改错"部分亦不低于60%.掌握这一规律并记住相应的规律和口诀可以大大地提高我们作题速度和质量.
二逻辑(语义): 有一些题仅靠对句子成分地分析无法找出正确答案.这时,我们就必须以语义地层次来考虑语言或意思上的逻辑关系. 如:
(3) She has not yet —— my invitation.
A. accepted B. will accept
C. excepted D. accepting
从"语法"即句子成分的角度看,缺少的是谓语动词,B,D两项显然不能入选,但A,C两项似乎都可以.这时就需要通过逻辑(语义)来加以分析.如选A项,句义为"她尚未接受我的邀请:.如选C项,句义为"她尚未把我的邀请排除在外",这显然不合情理,有悖逻辑.故答案只能是A.
(4) Walt Disney (is) remembered by (an American family) everywhere for the distinctive and (irresistible) cartoon character he (introduced) to movies and television.
此句中语法关系自身似无问题,但B项的an American family(一个美国家庭)与后面的everywhere(到处,无所不在)从逻辑上相悖,为错.故答案是B.
三用法: 有个别题从"语法"和"逻辑"的角度都可接受,这时就必须考虑从"用法"层次区分问题了.如: (5) Plants receive their nutrients —— water,soil, and sunlight.
A. where B. over
C. in from D. from
上句从语法的层次分析, A,C两项均不可取.但B,D两项无论从语法还是逻辑上看都是可以被接受的.此时只能看用法了.由于receive一词用法上只能与介词from搭配,答案只能是D.
6) City officials (are) concerned (because) crime on public (transportation) (near) reached record highs this summer.
无论是从语法还是逻辑的角度看,上句均无问题.near一词通常具有形容词,副词,介词3种词性,而且还可以用作动词.用副词修饰动词绝无问题,且near具有接近,靠近的含义,与reached搭配似乎也没有什么不妥.但从语法的角度看,作副词的near只能与draw ,come 等不及物动词搭配,此处为错.故答案为D.
托福语法题做题规律口诀
这一口诀主要是用来解"填空"题的.我们所遇到的情况更多是题干的句子较长而且关系复杂,如按传统的方法先搞清楚句子内部关系,分辨出句子的基本意思,再找出相应缺少的成分——不但耗时很多,而且把握不大.这里,我们介绍的方法则简便了许多:将具有"独立"意义的句子 成分去掉——如果这时主句不缺少成分的化,也不予以考虑——只考虑剩下,不"独立"的成分.这样,关系简单了,正确答案也就容易找到了.而且绝大部分情况下,在"语法"层次—— 即不弄懂句义的情况下——即可选出正确答案.
那么,都有哪些成分时"独立成分"呢?主要有以下几种:
1.副词和不是用作前置定语的分词;
2.不定式,介词,分词,同位语等短语;
3.所有的从句.
这种方式究竟有多大的作用呢?下面我们来看几个例句:
(7) Geophysicists have collaborated with archaeologists and anthropologists to study the magnetic properties of pottery and fireplaces at sites —— by early humans.
A. occupied B. occupying
C. which D. were occupied
如果按照上面提到的标准去衡量,这个句子的题干就应该时这样的:
(Geophysicists have collaborated主句)(with archaeologists and anthropologists介词短语)(to study the magnetic properties不定式短语)(of pottery and fireplaces介词短语)(at sites介词短语)——(by early humans.介词短语) 将这些"独立成分"都去掉后就只剩下"Geophysicists have collaborated".由于题干的主句及其它部分都不缺少成分,作为答案的选项也必须是一个"独立成分".在不考虑词义的情况下,A,B,C3个选项似乎都可以.但是,如果B项可以的话,C也一定可以.反面证明两个选项都不 行,答案自然是A了.
(8) During the late fifteenth century, —— of the native societies fo America had professions in the fields of arts and crafts.外语学习
A. only a few B. a few but
C. few, but only D. a few only
还是按照前面提到的标准去衡量,这个句子的题干部分就会变成下面这样:
(During the late fifteenth century介词短语),——(of the native societies of America介词短语)had professions (in the fields介词短语)(of arts and crafts 介词短语).把独立成分去掉后就只剩下 "—— had professions".一眼即可看出,句子缺少主语.答案自然就是A了.
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托福写作的经常扣分点
