托福写作需了解的10个核心准则

托福写作一直都是中国考生的弱项，其实在托福写作中很多考察点同学们没有意识到，今天小编给大家带来了托福写作需了解的10个核心准则，希望能够给帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

托福写作需了解的10个核心准则

Elementary principles of composition

1. Make the paragraph the unit of composition: one paragraph to each topic

不同的段落构成文章，每个段落仅传递一个观点

2. As a rule, begin each paragraph with a topic sentence; end it in conformity with the beginning

规则：每个段落均以主题句开头，并且首尾呼应。

A. the topic sentence comes at or near the beginning;

主题句前置

B. the succeeding sentences explain or establish or develop the statement made in the topic sentence;

段落围绕主题句展开，后面的句子对主题句进行展开解释

C. the final sentence either emphasizes the thought of the topic sentence or states some important consequence.

末尾句或者对主题句进行强调，或者阐述主题句带来的结果。

3. Use the active voice

主动句永远比被动句直接有力

Eg: There were a great number of dead leaves lying on the ground

= Dead leaves covered the ground. (清晰生动)

Eg: The reason that he left college was that his health became impaired.

= Failing health compelled him to leave college. (简洁有力)

Eg: It was not long before he was very sorry that he had said what he had.

= He soon repented his words. (简洁有力)

4. Put statements in positive form

以肯定的形式表达否定的意思, 避免使用平淡、毫无色彩，犹豫不决和含糊其辞的语言。

Eg：He was not very often on time.

= He usually came late.

Eg: He did not think that studying Latin was much use.

= He thought the study of Latin useless.

Eg: The taming of the Shrew is rather weak in spots. Shakespeare does not portray Katharine as a very admirable character, nor does Bianca remain long in memory as an important character in Shakespeare’s works.

= The women in The Taming of the Shrew are unattractive. Katharine is disagreeable, Bianca insignificant.

5. Omit needless words

删除冗词

Vigorous writing is concise. A sentence should contain no unnecessary words, a paragraph no unnecessary sentences, for the same reason that a drawing should have no unnecessary lines and a machine no unnecessary parts. This requires not that the writer make all his sentences short, or that he avoid all detail and treat his subjects only in outline, but that every word tell.

有力的写作一定简洁。

Owing to the fact that

=Since (because)

In spite of the fact that

=Though (although)

Call your attention to the fact that

=Remind you (notify you)

The fact that he had not succeeded

=His failure

6. Avoid a succession of loose sentences

别写流水账，找找语言的逻辑关系，通过who, which, when, where, and while 这些词把句子串起来。

7. Express co-ordinate ideas in similar form

Parallel structure 平行结构讲究对称美：内容对等，结构一致。

Eg: Formerly, science was taught by the textbook method, while now the laboratory method is employed.

Parallel structure: Formerly, science was taught by the textbook method; now it is taught by the laboratory method.

8. Keep related words together

词的位置决定词的关系，所以遵循‘物以类聚’，意思关联紧密的词放在一块。

A: 主谓之间不分割，补充信息需前置

Eg: Wordsworth, in the fifth book of The Excursion, gives a minute description of this church.

Eg: In the fifth book of the Excursion, Wordsworth gives a minute description of this church. (状语前置，主谓毗邻)

B：关系代词紧随先行词出现

Eg: There was a look in his eye that boded mischief.

Eg: In his eye was a look that boded mischief. (名词look先行，关系词that紧随)

9. In summaries, keep to one tense

总结通常使用现在时态，如果使用过去时，请保持时态一致。

10. Place the emphatic words of a sentence at the end

欲擒故纵的圆周句(periodic sentence)中，强调信息后置。

Eg: Four centuries ago, Christopher Columbus, one of the Italian mariners whom the decline of their own republics had put at the service of the world and of adventure, seeking for Spain a westward passage to the Indies as setoff against the achievements of Portuguese discoverers, lighted on America.

Eg: With these hopes and in this belief I would urge you, laying aside all hindrance, thrusting away all private aims, to devote yourselves unswervingly and unflinchingly to the vigorous and successful prosecution of this war.

托福写作论点论据语料库:学校设施

学校的硬件设施 ：gym :

活动类型：

哑铃do some dumbbell, 室内跑道 run on the indoor track, 在场地上打球 play some sport on the court, 水上运动do some aquatic activities, 邮箱运动如瑜伽、游泳、在跑步机上跑步aerobics like yoga, swimming, running on a treadmill

体育馆是个休闲娱乐的地方，是打发时间的首选;在这里可以做各种各样的运动(举以上的例子)。

A gym is the place where students can have fun and relax themselves, for many students it can be the first choices when it comes to how to spend their spare time. There are lots of fun activities you can do in the gym like, play some sports on the court, do some aerobics like yoga, swimming, and running on a treadmill，and stuff like that.

作用：保持体型Keep fit, 有趣 have fun,放松 relax，引导学生健康、活跃的生活方式 lead a healthy and active lifestyle

总之，很有必要建设一个体育馆。

In a nutshell, it is really important for a university to own a nice recreation center(gym 的同义词)，for it helps to promote a healthy, active lifestyle.

实验室laboratory ：

做实验conduct research, 把理论应用于实际apply theory in practice, 直观的理解概念understand concepts intuitively(直观的)，培养学生的创造力 develop students' creativity;

实验室是好学校的重要组成部分， 然后展开实验室的作用(即以上内容)。

Great labs are a big part of a good university, students can use the lab to apply theory into practice and conduct researches in their fields, moreover, by doing experiments students can understand the concepts better and develop their creativity.

一个学校的软实力 ：

名声reputation ：

学校的名声跟学生没有直接关系，我觉得没啥意义。

Reputation of a university has no direct impact on its students, and it is kind of meaningless.

教员faculty ：

跟audit class联系在一起;

听课是最好的了解一个学校的方式，因为教授的知识、教书技巧和方式代表着学校，而且上课中传递的价值观在很大程度上也是学校的价值观。

Auditing class is the best to know the university better, since faculty members are an indispensable part of the university. Their knowledge，teaching skills and even the way they teach the class represent the university. The values they uphold in the class are the ones that are cherished by the university.

地点location ：

就学校的地点可以参看之前的地点语料库：

比如大都市metropolis, 多文化的multicultural, 方便的convenient, 公共交通 public transportation, 商店shops, 酒吧和餐馆 bars and restaurant,充满活力 full of dynamics; 当然也可以跟social里面的broaden your horizon and enrich your experience结合在一起。

大学的大小size ：

“大”的好处 ：

多元化diverse student body, 俱乐部和社团lots of clubs and societies, 完备的设施well established facilities, 著名的教授lots of famous professors, 活动很多various activities;

个人而言, 我喜欢较大的大学，学生团体会比较多元, 国际学生很多，他们组织好多社会活动。

Personally, I would say I like to attend a big university. A big university tends to have a diverse student body, there might be lots of international students like me, and they organize all kinds of social activities.

还有较大的大学会有一流的设备如图书馆、体育馆和实验设施。

Also, a big university is likely to have very well established facilities like multi-functional libraries, recreation centers and research facilities. These are big parts of a colorful university life.

托福写作模板：学校如何改善学生宿舍

题目

The university will spend money on the dormitory to improve the life quality of students. Which of the following do you think is the best way?

1) Providing a room for quiet study

2) Building an exercise room

3) Providing entertainment place (watch film)

范文1：For Choice 2

If a university wants to improve the quality of life for the students, it should install an exercise room in each dormitory. Exercise balances out a quiet lifestyle based on studying(运动万能句). An exercise room could contain equipment that is impossible to keep in a dorm room, give students as safe place to work out, and provide an opportunity to meet people with the same interests.

分论点1：运动对学生很重要Exercise is essential for students, but often they neglect working out and focus only on studies. An exercise room in the dormitory would be easily accessible, so would encourage students to take a short break to keep their bodies fit. An exercise room could contain equipment such as weight benches and stationary bicycles(器械名称积累) that are too big to keep in the individual dorm room or too expensive to buy or transport from home. An exercise room, therefore, would be a great investment for the university because it would provide the students with training facilities that they would not otherwise have access to without leaving the campus.

分论点2：保障学生安全A dormitory exercise room is also a wise idea because students would have a safe place to work out. The university could ensure that the equipment is clean and operating properly. On top of that, students would not have to leave the building to work out. Staying inside benefits the students in two ways. 原因1：避免路途中发生危险First, they do not have to worry about walking alone, possibly late at night when classes are over. That way they do not have to risk trouble with strangers or people following them. 原因2：避免温度变化引起生病Second, they are not exposed to a severe change in temperature. For example, working out in a warm place and stepping outside in the winter, a person can become sick. Such problems are prevented by staying in the same building.

分论点3：有助于社交Another reason to have an exercise room is to encourage students tointeract with each other(社交万能句). Students may find it fun to exercise together, urging each other on. Students who enjoy exercising can meet each other and become friends. If the students only exercise on their own, they may not realize that someone else has the same interests. Even if they live in the same dorm, they might not have the same classes, and therefore, not have any reason to speak to each other. A common bond of working out together could be formed if the university installed exercise rooms.

An exercise room allows students to work out on equipment they can’t bring from home in asafe environment with other students who enjoy the same activities. Therefore, adding an exercise room is a great investment for a university.

balance out

平衡,抵消

work out

锻炼

on top of that

除此以外

to risk trouble with X.X.X

冒着与 X.X.X 产生麻烦的风险

a severe change in temperature

天气的剧烈变化

urge each other on

相互督促

范文2：For Choice 3

To improve the quality of life of its students, our university should create an entertainment room in each dormitory building. An entertainment room would give students a chance to watch movies or attend activities that they otherwise could not, would allow students to make friends with the same interests, and would ensure a safe environment to relax.

分论点1：帮助学生省钱The stereotype of the “starving college student” may seem trite, but many students are on a tight budget and do not have excess cash for fun, extravagant activities(省钱万能句). Such students would greatly benefit from an entertainment room because they could, for example, watch movies without paying premium prices to go to a theater. They could enjoy a game of Ping-Pong without needing a car to drive to a community center with a Ping-Pong table. In other words, if each dormitory had its own activity room, students could enjoy a wide range of activities that they otherwise could not afford to do.

分论点2：有助于社交Furthermore, an entertainment room would encourage students to leave their dorm rooms and interact with a larger range of students. Instead of closeting themselves in a single room with an internet connection to the outside world, they can laugh and talk with others about the activities(社交万能句). Students with different majors or from different grade levels may not have classes in common, but in the activity room, they can find others with the same interests and eventually become friends(社交万能句). Therefore, an entertainment room would provide opportunities to increase social networks(社交万能句).

分论点3：保障学生安全Finally, college students often try risky or outright dangerous stuntsbecause they are living away from home for the first time. For example, they may drink a lot of alcohol and drive a car. In contrast, a dormitory entertainment room could provide safe activities. The room can be monitored so that there are no abuses of drugs or inappropriate behavior, allowing students to relax and enjoy themselves. In addition, if students get together regularly, they can easily observe negative changes in behavior such as a decline into depression(社交的好处、保护学生安全的万能句). Therefore, an entertainment room would give the students a chance to avoid dangerous activities and notice problems before they become serious.

In conclusion, our university should consider adding entertainment rooms in each dormitory. Such rooms can allow students to participate in fun activities and meet others in a safe and supportive environment.

the stereotype of X.X.X

X.X.X 的刻板印象

a tight budget

预算紧张

have excess cash for fun, extravagant activities有多余的钱用于有趣的、奢侈的活动

closet themselves in a single room把他们自己关在房间里

outright dangerous stunts完全危险的特技

a decline into depression衰退为抑郁症

in a safe and supportive environment在一个安全的、支持性的环境中