托福综合写作干货小技巧

为了让大家更好的准备托福考试，小编给大家整理一些托福考试作文小技巧，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

托福综合写作干货小技巧

.

托福综合写作是个很矛盾的部分：因为在写作前，有阅读和听力两个部分提供足够的参考信息，看上去简单;但是又因为信息的庞杂，要求考生对信息进行整理写作，又给考生造成了困难。对于托福综合写作，有哪些技巧可以把握呢?

托福综合写作一般技巧

1.短文阅读还是听力中讲演部分都必须要做笔记。2.短文与讲演虽然是同一主题，但内容一定有所不同，甚至观点相左。3.作文中总结短文和讲演的观点时，不要仅仅把所看到的和所听到的简单地复制。而是尽可能地使用自身语言来表达，比如使用同义词，改变句子结构等。这样不但可以显示对短文和讲演的理解程度，而且也展现应用英文的能力。4.尽量完整地总结出短文和讲演中的主要信息，并进行综合。如有必要，还要将短文和讲演中的不同观点进行比较。5. 除非专门要求，不要发表自己的观点，只是进行客观的总结。这一点与.型的作文恰恰相反。

应对托福综合写作阅读部分：关键词阅读

英美人写文章的总体逻辑可以概括为总分或总分总。托福综合写作的阅读材料多为总分布局，且多为四段式。首段主要用来提供背景信息或者提出话题，而作者的立场或论点多位于首段的最后一句，聪明的考生会把注意力多集中于首段的尾句，确定作者的立论点，从而对于下一阶段的听力大致话题和论述做到心中有底。随后的段落即展开给出作者之所以立论的三个分论点或论据，在单个的段落当中，又遵循了西方人惯有的总分模式，单个段落的首句多为主旨句，考生可以只关注三个段落的首句以快速获取段落主要内容，从而避免全文通读速度不够而导致的来不及看完阅读。

应对托福综合写作听力部分：记录观点和论据

听力环节的笔记是决定综合写作能否顺利完成的关键因素。为了增强笔记的可用性，要知道听力该记什么。听力的开始段是表明说话者立场和论点，需要记录，接下来一般和阅读相似，说话者会从三个方面阐述支持自己的观点，很多情况下，这三点和阅读中的三点是刚好契合，一一对应的。但听力三方面的分论据往往是从阅读中无法推断的，所以分论点及论据是需要进行笔记的，应当记的是关键词。四托福综合写作文章写法

在总结了听力和阅读材料的重点信息之后，需要将其相关性清晰并准确的表达出来，一般采用以下写法：第一段需要将听力和阅读材料的核心内容展示出来并点明两者观点是否相互支持抑或者相互对立;第二段也即是主体段落可以分为几个小段，分别从各个不同的角度总结并得出两篇文字材料相互支持或者对立的证据;最后一段结尾段可总结一下主要的论证对象并重申两份材料对于该论证对象的主要看法，在这一段构思过程中一定要注意，切忌加入自己对这一问题的看法和观点。托福独立写作要求考生在30分钟写300字左右的议论文。

托福独立写作能不能取得高分，一方面在于考生对英语的掌握和运用能力，一方面则要借助对托福独立写作的认识及从中把握的技巧。

托福独立写作常见易错词汇使用问题解读 谓语动词类错用情况分析

托福独立写作词汇错误：主谓一致

我们来看以下句子：

Admittedly, books written on the basis of realities is valuable to most people.

A less complicated social environment is the most agreeable condition that help maintain the simplicity of children’s mental world.

第一句句子的主语是books，因此谓语动词应该用复数形式are而不是is，这就是“主谓一致”，即：谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致。因此，原句的正确表达为：Admittedly, books written on the basis of realities are valuable to most people.

第二句句子的主语是a less complicated social environment，谓语动词应该用单数形式helps. 因此，原句的正确表达为：A less complicated social environment is the most agreeable condition that helps maintain the simplicity of children’s mental world.

我们再来看以下句子：

The number of students who walk to school has been significantly increased.

A large number of advertisers are filling commercials with appealing visual effects so as to spark consumers’ desires to buy such targeted products.

在托福独立写作中，the number of和a large number of是考生经常使用的两个短语，前者表示“…的数量”，后者表示“大量的”。第一句句子中的主语是the number of students，“学生的数量”是单数的，所以谓语应该使用单数形式has，而不是have. 又如：There has been a sharp increase in the number of Internet users since last year. 第二句句子中的主语是a large number of advertisers，“大量的广告商”是复数的，所以谓语应该使用复数形式are，而不是is.

托福独立写作词汇错误：谓语动词的表现形式

我们来看以下句子：

Most students like to watch TV cannot finish their homework in time.

Children who find passion in sports holding on to this passion throughout life, which leads to a healthier and more successful future.

第一句句子中like to watch TV和cannot finish their homework in time都是谓语动词，一般而言，两个谓语动词需要用连词(如and或but)进行连接，或者可以将like to watch TV变为从句，如：Most students who like to watch TV cannot finish their homework in time(定语从句).

第二句句子没有谓语。句子中who find passion in sports是修饰children的“定语从句”，which leads to a healthier and more successful future是以which为引导的“非限定性定语从句”。整句句子的谓语动词应该是hold，而不应该使用非谓语形式(holding)。在托福独立写作中，尤其要注意there be句型中“谓语的表现形式”，如：

There are a great variety of articles and topics accurately reflect the diversity of users’ interest.

因为there be句型中的be本身就是谓语成分，所以不能使用reflect，而应改为：There are a great variety of articles and topics that accurately reflect the diversity of users’ interest(定语从句);或There are a great variety of articles and topics accurately reflecting the diversity of users’ interest(非谓语结构)。

托福独立写作词汇错误：谓语动词的语态

“语态”表现的是主语和谓语之间的关系，托福独立写作中主要使用“主动语态”，不建议频繁使用“被动语态”。

我们来看以下句子：

Many children can avoid their most disliked courses if they are given the opportunity to choose.

Because the content of an e-book is delivered electronically to their devices, students can shop for e-books and receive them almost immediately, any time of the day or night.

第一句句子中“避免最不喜欢的课程”动作的发出者是“孩子们”，因此是“主动语态”;而他们“被”提供机会进行选择是“被动”的。第二句句子中“电子书的内容”和“将电子版本传输到学生的设备之中”是“被动”的关系，而学生“购买电子图书”和“不管白天还是黑夜，可以第一时间收到这些图书”都是“主动”的关系。

我们来看下面的例句：

Modern citizens are faced unprecedented psychological pressure when they are heavily loaded with mountains of information from the network of mass media.

从句中，they (指现代公民，modern citizens)和满载着大量信息(load with mountains of information)是“被动”的关系，而他们和面临空前的心理压力(face unprecedented psychological pressure)是“主动”的关系，所以原句应该改为：Modern citizens are facing unprecedented psychological pressure when they are heavily loaded with mountains of information from the network of mass media.

在托福独立写作中，face是考生经常需要使用到的单词，解释为“面临、直面”，face也是一个很难正确使用的单词。当要表达“他面临着很多生意上的麻烦”意思的时候，考生可以使用He is facing many business troubles. 或者He is faced with many business troubles. 因为face往往用于“主动语态”，而be faced with用于“被动语态”，又如：

When facing overwhelming challenges, each individual should be well equipped with a vast range of knowledge and a broadened mind.

When they are faced with the increasingly powerful domination of money, people ought to take precautions as early as possible so as not to become slaves of wealth.

托福综合写作怎样合理引用指代素材信息?避免混淆你要知道这些知识

如何指代托福综合写作阅读文章中的内容?

>>> 指代“阅读文章”：

in 引导的短语：in the reading (passage)

according to引导的短语：according to the reading (passage), according to the author

as引导的短语：as the author argues / maintains

to引导的短语：to quote the reading (passage), to quote the author

如何指代托福综合写作听力讲座中的信息?

in 引导的短语：in the lecture

according to引导的短语：according to the lecture，according to the professor

as引导的短语：as the professor argues / maintains

to引导的短语：to quote the lecture，to quote the professor

如何表达“阅读文章说”和“听力讲座说”中的“说”?

>>> 表示“论述”：argue, maintain, state, contend, assert, propose, suggest, indicate, imply, acknowledge, mention

>>> 表示“强调”：emphasize, highlight, address

>>> 表示“反对”：disagree, disapprove, contradict, contrast, refute

>>> 相关词组：talk about, be concerned with, concentrate on, be skeptical about, cast doubt on, point out

雅思考试写作辅导：写作技巧

Skills for IELTS Writing Module

You need to spend 2-3 minutes working out exactly what you are going to do. You should pay attention to the following points:

Study the question carefully. Most Task 1 writing involves writing a report which describes some information given. You may wish to note the instructions with a high-lighting pen.

Think carefully about the topic. Outline some pertinent points.

Ensure that your ideas are arranged logically.

When writing a Task 1 report, include:

introductory sentence

general trend sentence

body paragraphs (1-3)

concluding sentence (optional)

Introductory sentence

The introductory sentence explains what you are describing, for example:

‘The table compares the population growth and interstate migration in each Australian state for 12 months to the end of 1994.'

‘The graph shows the growth of computers in Australia between 1975 and 1995.'

‘The pie chart represents the proportion of gases contained in natural gas.'

Body paragraphs

When discussing the date presented in the task, identify significant trends and give examples that relate directly to the given information to support your statements. If you are explaining a process or an object and how it works, you need to group your information so that it follows a definite logical order.

Remember that the use of verbs expressed in the present passive voice is often appropriate when giving a description of a process or procedure, for example:

‘Coffee beans are pulped to remove their casing. They are then soaked in water, rinsed thoroughly and dried. After the beans are sorted, they are roasted in a kiln and blended. Next, they are packed and dispatched to shops and supermarkets.'

Concluding sentence (optional)

A simple concluding statement could include any of the following, where relevant:

significant comments

a potential solution

an overall summary of the ideas

future implications.

Editing

Make sure that you have followed the instructions carefully. Be sure that you have written what you intended and that no important ideas are missingIn the last few minutes, check for obvious errors, such as spelling or grammatical errors