雅思阅读同义替换考点之死穴分析

同义替换是雅思考试的重点考察方式，遍布听说读写4科，在雅思阅读上，则是举足轻重的存在，可谓得同义替换者，得雅思阅读天下。小编给大家带来了雅思阅读同义替换考点之死穴分析，希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

雅思阅读同义替换考点之死穴分析

首先，我们来看一道雅思阅读判断题，选自C5-P42-Q13 Bakelite was only available in a limited range of colours.本题定位原文最后一段难度不大，但很多同学把最后一段看了一遍又一遍，还是没有结果。大家也不妨试一下。原文如下:

Baekeland's invention, although treated with disdain in its early years, went on to enjoy an unparalleled popularity which lasted throughout the first half of the twentieth century. It became the wonder product of the new world of industrial expansion - 'the material of a thousand uses,. Being both non-porous and heat-resistant, Bakelite kitchen goods were promoted as being germ-free and sterilisable. Electrical manufacturers seized on its insulating properties, and consumers everywhere relished its dazzling array of shades, delighted that they were now, at last, no longer restricted to the wood tones and drab browns of the pre-plastic era. It then fell from favour again during the 1950s, and was despised and destroyed in vast quantities. Recently, however, it has been experiencing something of a renaissance, with renewed demand for original Bakelite objects in the collectors' marketplace, and museums, societies and dedicated individuals once again appreciating the style and originality of this innovative material.

实际上，此题就运用了雅思阅读同义替换之上义词替换下义词这一伎俩。我们可以通过colours 定位到原文这样的信息‘ no longer restricted to the wood tones and drab browns of the pre-plastic era’。也就是将colours替换了文中大部分学员比较熟悉browns。由于看出limit与restrict的替换难度并不大，那么此题与原文中no longer矛盾，选FALSE也就很轻松了。

其实，不仅仅是判断题，在雅思阅读填空题中的应用也让不少学员尝到很多苦头。我们再看一个例子，选自C6-P29-Q40 ........... produce is particularly expensive. 此题在原文中的定位难度也不大，很多学员都定位了如下的原文内容。

Provisions available in local shops have to be flown into Nunavut on one of the most costly air networks in the world, or brought by supply ship during the few ice-free weeks of summer. It would cost a family around £7,000 a year to replace meat they obtained themselves through hunting with imported meat.

但是，具体答案定位哪一句，很多同学犯了难，原文中根本就没有与答案最为密切的produce。我们再仔细分析一下，原来题干中的produce (农产品)可以替换原文中meat，答案也就是imported了。在这里，我只能说不熟悉这种命题思路的烤鸭被害惨了。

其实，相比以上两种题型，上义词与下义词在雅思阅读段落信息配对题的出现频率更高。比如，C9-P93-Q18：

reference to a possible link between culture and a particular form of behaviour, 其中‘a particular form of behaviour’替换了原文H段的‘a struggle over toy’, 再比如C9-P43-Q5： a list of medical conditions which place some children more at risk from noise than others，其中‘medical conditions’替换了原文D段的 ‘hearing impairment, autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention deficit disorders (ADD/ADHD)’。

我们发现，题干中的名词可能会作为上义词来考查，回原文定位时需要留意该词的具体化概念，并谨记‘题上文下’的雅思阅读同义替换原则。

雅思分类词汇：教育

instruction, education 教育

culture 文化

primary education 初等教育

secondary education 中等教育

higher education 高等教育

the three R's 读、写、算

school year 学年

term, trimester 学季

semester 学期

school day 教学日

school holidays 假期

curriculum 课程

subject 学科

discipline 纪律

timetable 课程表

class, lesson 课

homework 家庭作业

exercise 练习

dictation 听写

spelling mistake 拼写错误

(short) course 短训班

seminar 研讨班

playtime, break 课间,休息

to play truant, to play hooky 逃学,旷课

course (of study) 学业

student body 学生(总称)

classmate, schoolmate 同学

pupil 小学生

student 大学生

schoolboy 男生

schoolgirl 女生

auditor 旁听生

swot, grind 用功的学生

old boy 老生

grant, scholarship, fellowship 奖学金

holder of a grant, scholar, fellow 奖学金获得者

school uniform 校服

teaching staff 教育工作者(总称)

teachers 教师(总称)

primary school teacher 小学老师

teacher lecturer 大学老师

professor 教授

schooling 教授,授课

assistant 助教

headmaster 校长 (女性为:headmistress)

deputy headmaster, deputy head 副校长

rector 校长

dean 教务长

laboratory assistant, lab assistant 实验员

beadle, porter 门房,学校工友

games master, gym teacher, gym instructor 体育教师

private tutor 私人教师,家庭教师

pedagogue 文学教师(蔑称)

of school age 教龄

beginning of term 开学

matriculation 注册

to enroll, to enroll 予以注册

to take lessons (学生)上课

to teach (老师)上课

to study 学习

to learn by heart 记住,掌握

to revise, to go over 复习

test 考试

to test 考试

to take an examination, to sit an examination, to do an examination 参加考试

convocation notice 考试通知

examiner 考试者

board of examiners 考试团

examination oral, written examination 口试,笔试

question 问题

question paper 试卷

crib 夹带 (美作:trot)

to pass an examination (或exam), 通过考试

pass, passing grade 升级

prizegiving 分配奖品

to fall an examination 未通过考试

failure 未考好

to repeat a year 留级

degree 学位

graduate 毕业生

to graduate 毕业

project, thesis 毕业论文

General Certificate of Education 中学毕业证书 (美作:high school diploma)

holder of the General Certificate of Education 中学毕业生 (美作:holder of a high school diploma)

doctorate 博士学位

doctor 博士

competitive examination 答辩考试

Chinese 语文

English 英语

Japanese 日语

mathematics 数学

science 理科

gymnastics 体育

history 历史

algebra 代数

geometry 几何

geography 地理

biology 生物

chemistry 化学

physics 物理

physical geography 地球物理

literature 文学

sociology 社会学

psycology 心理学

philosophy 哲学

engineering 工程学

mechanical engineering 机械工程学

electronic engineering 电子工程学

medicine 医学

social science 社会科学

agriculture 农学

astronomy 天文学

economics 经济学

politics 政治学

commercial science 商学

biochemistry 生物化学

anthropology 人类学

linguistics 语言学

accounting 会计学

law, jurisprdence 法学

banking 银行学

metallurgy 冶金学

finance 财政学

mass-communication 大众传播学

journalism 新闻学

atomic energy 原子能学

civil engineering 土木工程

architecture 建筑学

chemical, engineering 化学工程

accounting and statisics 会计统计

business administration 工商管理

library 图书馆学

diplomacy 外交

foreign language 外文

botany 植物

major 主修

minor 辅修

school 学校

kindergarten 幼儿园

infant school 幼儿学校

primary school, junior school 小学

secondary school 中学

high school, secondary school 专科学校

business school 商业学校

technical school 工业学校

technical college 专科学校

(university) campus 大学

university 大学

boarding school 供膳宿的学校

day school 日校,无宿舍学校,走读学校

day student who has lunch at school 提供午餐的走读学生

academy 专科学院

faculty 系

hall of residence 学校公寓

classroom 教室

lecture theatre 阅览室 (美作:lecture theater)

amphitheatre 阶梯教室 (美作:amphitheater)

staff room 教研室

headmaster's study, headmaster's office 校长办公室

(assembly) hall 礼堂

library 图书馆

playground 操场

desk 课桌

blackboard 黑板

(a piece of) chalk 粉笔

slate pencil 石板笔

wall map 挂图

skeleton map 轮廓图,示意图

globe 地球仪

text book 课本

dictionary 词典

encyclopedia 百科全书

atlas 地图集

satchel 书包

exercise book 练习本

rough not book 草稿本 (美作:scribbling pad)

blotting paper 吸墨纸

tracing paper 描图纸

squared paper, graph paper 坐标纸

(fountain) pen 自来水笔

biro, ballpoint (pen) 圆珠笔

pencil 铅笔

propelling pencil 自动铅笔

pencil sharpener 铅笔刀,转笔刀

ink 墨水

inkwell 墨水池

rubber, eraser 橡皮

ruler, rule 尺

slide rule 计算尺

set square 三角板

protractor 量角器

compass, pair of compasses 圆规

雅思分类词汇：蔬菜名称

tomato 番茄,西红柿

asparagus 芦笋

cucumber 黄瓜

aubergine, eggplant 茄子

bean 菜豆

beet, beetroot 甜菜

pepper 胡椒

pimiento 甜椒

potato 马铃薯

carrot 胡萝卜

cauliflower 菜花,花椰菜

pumpkin 西葫芦

broad bean 蚕豆

cabbage 圆白菜,卷心菜

chilli 辣椒

garlic 蒜

chive 葱

fennel 茴香

cos lettuce 莴苣

marrow 嫩葫芦

melon 香瓜,甜瓜

mushroom, celery 芹菜

onion 韭

leek 韭菜

radish 萝卜

tarragon 狭叶青蒿

thyme 百里香

mushroom 蘑菇

artichoke 洋蓟

broccoli, brocoli 硬花甘蓝

Brussels sprouts 芽甘蓝

caper 刺山柑,老鼠瓜

cardoon 刺菜蓟

chervil 雪维菜,细叶芹

chick-pea 鹰嘴豆

chicory 苣荬菜

cress 水田芥

cumin, cummin 孜然芹,枯茗

dandelion 蒲公英

French bean 法国菜豆

gherkin 嫩黄瓜

horseradish 辣根

Jerusalem artichoke 洋姜,鬼子姜

kale 无头甘蓝

kohlrabi 甘蓝

laurel 月桂

lentil 兵豆

lettuce 莴苣

lupin 羽扇豆 (美作:lupine)

parsley 欧芹

parsnip 欧防风

pea 豌豆

rhubarb 大黄

salsify 婆罗门参

sorrel 掌叶大黄

truffle 块菌

turnip 芜菁

watercress 豆瓣菜