托福独立口如何准确把握句子间关系

托福口语应考技巧, 准确把握句子间关系。今天小编给大家带来了托福独立口如何准确把握句子间关系,希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

托福口语应考技巧 准确把握句子间关系

新托福口语考试中的45秒钟的时间绝对不允许我们一次次地反复阅读某个句子，即使碰到难懂的句子也是如此。怎么办呢?继续读下去，试图在后一句中找到理解前一句(特别是难句)的线索。这一线索就是句子与句子之间的关系。因此，准确地把握句子与句子之间的关系就不失为一种能很好地提高阅读理解的方法了。

句子之间的关系多种多样，常见的有：并列关系、因果关系、递进关系、转折关系和相互解释关系。

Women could and did play a part in this process of settlement. Iceland, for instance, was uninhabited, and a permanent population could only be established if women also made the journey there. (后一句的具体事例为前一句提供说明与解释)

People borrowed more and more money so that they could buy these shares. Because of this, the American people started to believe that share prices could only go up further. (“because of”明显的因果关系)

Astronomy is a science that deals with all the celestial bodies in the universe. Astronomy includes the study of planets and their satellites, comets and meteors, stars and interstellar matter, star systems and clusters. (后一句是对前一句celestial bodies 的进一步解释)

Previously it was believed that due to the Archaeopteryx’s (始祖鸟) underdeveloped anatomy, it would not have been able to fly. However, research by the London Natural History Museum into its brain developed and that it had good vision and a good sense of balance — all the requirements for a creature to be able to fly. (“However”转折对比)

阅读时，我们可以根据段落中出现的一些信号词(Signal Words)来判断句子与句子之间的关系，掌握段落发展线索，来调整阅读速度，提高阅读质量。

1.显示相同信息的信号词：

There has been an upsurge of interest in chamber music. Likewise opera is receiving a boost from increased record sales.

“likewise”这一信号词显示了前面所提到的idea后面还要再一次出现。因此，阅读时见到这样的信号词无须放慢阅读速度。这样的信号词还包括：

and, furthermore, more, than, that, also, likewise, moreover, in addition, what is more, for instance, for example

2.显示思路转折的信号词：

I’d like to go but I’m too busy.

“but”前后是完全不同的信息描述，它向读者显示了作者的思路在这里有了转折。阅读时，碰到这样的信号词我们需放慢阅读速度，以准确获取作者真正想要说明的意思。这类信号词还有：

although, however, on the contrary, but, in spite of, otherwise, despite, nevertheless, yet

3.显示因果关系的信号词：

As a result of the pilots’ strike, all flights have had to be cancelled.

All flights have had to be cancelled as a result of the pilots’ strike.

所有航班被取消的原因是因为飞行员们的罢工;飞行员们的罢工导致了所有的航班不得不被取消。显示因果关系的信号词还有：

for, thus, because, for this reason, so, therefore, as, since, consequently

4.显示顺序的信号词：

Internet speeds communication between companies, among co-workers through video-conferences, and among other individuals. First, media companies use the Internet for online news, or to broadcast audio and video, including live radio and television programs, while individuals use the Internet for communication, entertainment, finding information, buying and selling goods and services. Second, the notion of distance disappears thanks to the Internet. People also enjoy instant messaging to exchange text messages or pictures in real time, with real-time video and sound. Finally, scientists and scholars use the Internet to perform research, distribute lecture notes or course materials to students, they communicate with colleagues, and can also publish papers and articles.

抓住了这样的信号词就把握住了作者叙述的顺序，也就分清了相对独立的论据。这样的信号词包括：

first, second, third, and so on, then, after, before, next, last, afterward, finally

5.表示结论/总结的信号词：

In conclusion, I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.

词组“in conclusion”前面所提到的一些信息将在这里被归纳总结。读到带有这样的信号词或短语的句子时，应格外留心注意，它们往往会向我们提示相关段落的核心信息。表示结论或总结的信号词和短语还有：

as a result, finally, therefore, accordingly, in short, thus, consequently, in conclusion, so, in brief, in a word

新托福口语考试中的阅读材料只是一个百十来字的段落，阅读时我们不应把每个句子都孤立开来，而是要把所有的句子连成一个整体，通过准确把握句子与句子之间的逻辑关系来挖掘段落的核心意义。这样才不至于出现读后“不知所云”的现象，才会为稍后的口语回答问题做好准备。

托福独立口语高频话题资深讲师批改分享：一心多用怎么做到?

本期托福独立口语高频话题

What would you do to handle many assignments at the same time?

学生对此话题的表述答案

If I have many assignments at the same time, first I need to make a list of those assignments in case that I have forget some of them. And then it is time to set the priorities. I need to figure out which assignments are the urgent and which are the less urgent. Of course, I would do the urgent assignment firstly. And during the process, patience is extremely important. I could make mistakes if I am too irritable. I need to arrange the time appropriately and try my best to improve the effeciency.

资深讲师批改意见

语法方面出现的错误(Grammar)

1 and then————after that

2 the urgent/the less urgent————are urgent/are less urgent

表达部分存在的问题(Expression)

1 first I will————first

2 in case that I have forget————in case that I forget

3 firstly————first

4 and during————but during

此高频话题高分口语模板分享

If I have many assignments at the same time, I will first need to make a list of those assignments in case I forget some of them. After that it is time to set the priorities. I need to figure out which assignments are urgent and which are less urgent. Of course, I need to do the urgent assignment first. But during the process, patience is extremely important. I could make mistakes if I am too irritable.

托福口语真题： Pet

Pet

The animal: giraffe

The reasons you chose the animal:

-majestic animal

-long tongue and powerful lips

-awkward and goofy

If I could have a pet, I would have a giraffe. It is the most majestic animal in the world. It is tall and sleek. It bends down gracefully to pick leaves from trees using its long tongue and powerful lips. Its fur coat is the most beautiful found in the desert – a yellow background with large brown circles placed here and there. Despite its grace horns on its head and a somewhat goofy looking smile. To me the giraffe is a paradoxical animal – clumsily and awkwardly beautiful and graceful.

TV and film

The program: Seinfeld

The reasons you chose the program:

-funny

-mix of characters

-everyday situations

I like to watch the TV program Seinfeld because it is a funny show about ordinary people like my friends and me. None of the characters on the show are perfect people. Each one takes a turn getting into some trouble on screen. Sometimes they help each other out while other times they just make each feel silly for their mistakes. My friends and I try to see every episode. In fact, we often talk about the most recent episode when we see each other. I can really identify with the show because the characters are so similar to my friends.

Music

The type of music: rock music

The reasons you chose the music

- like beat

- sound of a generation

- music for a better life and a better society

I like all kinds of music but if I had to choose one type of music it would be rock. It was the lively beat of change for a whole society. Moreover, one of the leaders of this change was Jimi Hendrix. When I listen to his masterful electric guitar style, I can hear the energy of his generation. The music has a soul and an appealing sound. It has inspired many people to work for a better life for themselves and for a better society around them. Rock music has soul and has stood the rest of time.

Book

The book: the Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger

The reasons you chose the book:

- identified with the character

- challenges of my age group

- interesting point of view

When I read The Catcher in the Rye, By J. D. Salinger, it was already an old book, but I liked it because I identified with Holden Caulfield, the young man who was the main character. He was not always correct in his judgments about the way life was, although he had strong opinions. I liked to read about how he felt and what he understood. His constant wry observations about what he encounters, from teachers to phonies, capture the essence of the eternal teenage experience of alienation. In many ways, we still have the same challenges in life since the times of The Catcher in the Rye.

托福口语实例：Subject

Subject

The subject: math

The reasons you chose the subject

- difficult to understand

- not relevant to my life

- no time to catch up

My worst subject in school was mathematics. I didn’t understand it as well as other subjects. Furthermore, it was hard for me to see the relevant of math in my life. I just never saw the point of studying so many formulas and equations that seem so abstract. I think I could have been good in math if my teacher were to have taken more time to explain it to me.Maybe I needed a different approach to math. In as much as I was weaker in math, I was stronger in art, literature and even biology so there was balance in my subjects and in my marks. sport

The sport: golf

The reasons you chose the sports:

- good exercise

- have fun and relax

- play to win

I recently took up golf because I though it might be a sport that would be fun and useful. So far, I have discovered that golf requires a lot of time and a lot of walking. This, however, adds to the fun and relaxation of a round of golf. Golf has also taught me to concentrate and to take many factors into account, such as wind and slope. Although I like to play to win,even if I don’t beat my partner, I know I have played well if I have improved my own score. I think by choosing golf I have found a good way to do business in the future as well as have fun learning it now. gift

The gift: music box

The reasons you chose the gift:

- sentimental

- thoughtful

- useful

My favorite gift is a music box. It has a great amount of sentimental value. It was given to me as a gift for my first dance recital with my ballet class. I was only seven years old and my family planned a dinner celebration. At the table, my father presented me with a little jewelry box. When I opened it, music played and a small plastic pink ballerina burned in a mirror.My family knew how much I loved ballet and understood my dream of becoming a ballet dancer. I didn’t become a ballet dancer, but I still use my favorite gift because it reminds me of my parent’s thoughtfulness.

Motto

The motto: honesty is the best policy

The reasons you chose the motto:

- personal philosophy

- easier to live with

- overall moral good

My motto is “honesty is the best policy” because life is easier when we tell the truth. I have felt this way ever since I read the story of Pinocchio, the little marionette whose wooden nose grew whenever he told a lie. It just seems better to deal with the truth. As a result, there are no surprises or stories that don’t match up. It also helps people treat themselves with more self-respect and in turn, others will treat them in a more dignified manner. Lying to others is lying to oneself. If everyone were honest, we would all fell better in our personal lives and in dealing at work.