雅思写作内容及评分标准之：连贯性及一致性
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雅思写作内容及评分标准之：连贯性及一致性
贯性包括意连和形连两个方面，前者指的是内涵的逻辑性，后者指的是运用变换词语。当然这两者常常是不可分割的。只有形连而没有意连，语句之间就没有内涵的有机的联络;反之，只有意连而没有形连，有时行文就不流畅。
阶段中语句的摆放应遵循必定的顺序，不能想到什么就写什么。假如在着笔之前没有构思，边写边想，写写停停，那就写不出一气呵成的好文章来。
下面介绍几种雅思写作内容常见的方式。
A.按时刻先后(chronological arrangement)
We had a number of close calls that day. When we rose, it was obviously late and we had to hurry so as not to miss breakfast; we knew the dining room staff was strict about closing at nine o'clock. Then, when we had been driving in the desert for nearly two hours ----- it must have been close to noon ---- the heat nearly hid us in; the radiator boiled over and we had to use most of our drinking water to cool it down. By the time we reached the mountain, it was four o'clock and we were exhausted. Here, judgement ran out of us and we started the tough climb to the summit, not realizing that darkness came suddenly in the desert. Sure enough, by six we were struggling and Andrew very nearly went down a steep cliff, dragging Mohammed and me along with him. By nine, when the wind howled across the flat ledge of the summit, we knew as we shivered together for warmth that it had not been our lucky day.
本段从"rose"(起床)写起，然后是吃早餐("not to miss breakfast", "closing at nine o'clock")，然后是"close to noon"，一直写到这一天完毕("By nine--")。
B.按方位远近(spatial arrangement)
From a distance, it looked like a skinny tube, but as we got closer, we could see it flesh out before our eyes. It was tubular, all right, but fatter than we could see from far away. Furthermore, we were also astonished to notice that the building was really in two parts: a pagoda sitting on top of a tubular one-story structure. Standing ten feet away, we could marvel at how much of the pagoda was made up of glass windows. Almost everything under the wonderful Chinese roof was made of glass, unlike the tube that it was sitting on, which only had four. Inside, the tube was gloomy, because of the lack of light. Then a steep, narrow staircase took us up inside the pagoda and the light changed dramatically. All those windows let in a flood of sunshine and we could see out for miles across the flat land.
本段的写法是由远及近，从远处("from a distance")写起，然后"get closer"，再到(" ten feet away")，最后是"inside the pagoda"……当然，按方位远近来写不等于都是由远及近。根据需要，也能够由近及远，由外至内等等。
C.按逻辑关系(logical arrangement)
If you work as a soda jerker, you will, of course, not need much skill in expressing yourself to be effective. If you work on a machine, your ability to express yourself will be of little importance. But as soon as you move one step up from the bottom, your effectiveness depends on your ability to reach others through the spoken or the written word. And the further away your job is from manual work, the larger the organization of which you are an employee, the more important it will be that you know how to convey your thoughts in writing or speaking. In the very large business organization, whether it is the government, the large corporation, or the Army, this ability to express oneself is perhaps the most important of all the skills a man can possess.
这一段谈的是表达能力，它的重要性与工作，身份有关，从"not need much skill"或"of little importance"到"more important"，最后是"most important"。
行文的逻辑性常常要靠恰当的变换词语及其他手法来完成。
Walter's goal in life was to become a successful surgeon. First, though, he had to get through high school, so he concentrated all his efforts on his studies --- in particular, biology, chemistry, and math. Because he worked constantly on these subjects, Walter became proficient in them; however, Walter forgot that he needed to master other subjects besides those he had chosen. As a result, during his junior year of high school, Walter failed both English and Latin. Consequently, he had to repeat these subjects and he was almost unable to graduate on schedule. Finally, on June 6, Walter achieved the first step toward realizing his goal.
本文中起承上启下的词语有两种，一种是变换词语(transitional words or phrases)，另一种是起变换效果的其他衔接手法(linking devices)。前者依次有：first, though, so, in particular, and, because, however, besides, as a result, both…and, consequently, and, finally.后者依次是：he, he, his, his, he, these, them, he, those, his, he, these, his.本段有词汇105个，所运用的变换词语及其他衔接用语共26个词，约占该段总词汇量的四分之一。由此可见，掌握好transitions不仅对行文的流畅有利，并且关于学生在规则时刻内写足所要求的字数也是不无优点的。
雅思写作内容中经常出现的几种错误：
1)不必要的改动时态，比方：
In the movie, Robert Redford was a spy. He goes to his office where he found everybody dead. Other spies wanted to kill him, so he takes refuge with Julie Christie. At her house, he had waited for the heat to die down, but they come after him anyway.
2)不必要的改动单复数，比方：
Everybody looks for satisfaction in his life. They want to be happy. But if he seeks only pleasure in the short run, the person will soon run out of pleasure and life will catch up to him. They need to pursue the deeper pleasure of satisfaction in work and in relationships.
3)不必要的改动人称，比方：
Now more than ever, parents need to be in touch with their children's activities because modern life has the tendency to cause cleavages in the family. You need to arrange family like it so that family members will do things together and know one another. You need to give up isolated pleasures of your own and realize that parents have a set of obligations to sponsor togetherness and therefore sponsor knowledge.
因而写作中，必定要注意时态，人称以及数的改变是否正确，要注意保持一致。
【雅思写作高分范文】关于学习时间过长的利与弊
雅思写作题目：The most important thing of people's life is his or her work. Without a satisfying career, the life is meaningless. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
雅思写作题目讲解：
此题目为教育类话题，体裁为议论文下属的利弊分析类，要分别陈述将大部分时间花在学习上对社会和孩子自身的影响
雅思写作范文：
With the increasing proportion of employed workers, whether or not one’s career is his or her whole has become a widely debated topic. While some believe that job is the most crucial element of our life, others maintain that there are many other essential things which are meaningful to us. Given that life is colourful and non-inevitable relationship between success of career and the meaning of life, I strongly disagree that there will be nothing left if we failed to reach the peak of career.
随着就业人数的增加，一个人的职业生涯是否是他或她的全部生活已经成为一个广泛争论的话题。有些人认为工作是我们生活中最重要的因素，而另一些人则认为还有许多其他对我们有意义事情。鉴于生活是丰富多彩的，事业的成功与生活的意义之间是不可避免的关系，我不同意如果我们不能达到事业的顶峰，就不会留下任何东西。
For a start, that many other aspects in life can actually bring fond memories to us. Having good relationship with family members and friends is a flawless illustration. It is not uncommon that many elderly couples live in small and cozy flats, who didn’t really succeed in terms of their careers. However, just because of their pure and long-lasted relationship over the last few decades, they are satisfied and often feel that they are very lucky to meet each other. Similarly, raising a child can also boost parents’ sense of satisfaction and they are more likely to have a meaningful life. It is evident that there are still many factors to determine one’s meaning of life other than career.
首先，生活中的许多其他方面实际上能给我们带来美好的回忆。与家人和朋友保持良好关系是一个完美的例证。许多老年夫妇生活在小而舒适的公寓里，这并不少见，他们的职业生涯并没有真正成功。然而，仅仅因为他们在过去几十年里纯洁而持久的关系，他们感到满意，并且经常感到他们非常幸运地遇见彼此。同样，抚养孩子也能提高父母的满足感，他们更有可能有一个有意义的生活。显然，除了事业之外，还有很多因素来决定一个人的人生意义。
Secondly and more importantly, it is illogical to link the extent of success to the worth of life. Imagine a thirty-year old chief executive officer, who whole-heartedly spent everything on his business. He strove a lot and unconcerned with his health at present just because he longed for his delightful life after retirement. However, since his intensive workload and unhealthy lifestyle, he was diagnosed with cancer before entirement. How meaning will you rate of this man’s life? In this case, I would contend that his life should have been more splendid if he spent more time on different aspects, even though he might not succeed in his career. No wonder Bible has that, “What does it profit a man, if he gains the whole world and forfeits his life?”
其次，更重要的是，把成功的程度与生命的价值联系起来是不合逻辑的。想象一下一个三十岁的首席执行官，他全心全意地把所有的事情都花在自己的事业上。他现在非常关心自己的健康，因为他渴望退休后的快乐生活。然而，由于他繁重的工作量和不健康的生活方式，他被确诊为癌症之前。你对这个人的生活有何意义?在这种情况下，我认为，如果他多花点时间在各个方面，即使他的事业可能不会成功，他的生活也会更加精彩。难怪《圣经》中有这样一句话：“人若赚得全世界，赔上自己的生命，有什么益处呢?
Having discussed that job is only a part of life and it does not necessarily make one’s life be more meaningful, I firmly disagree that job is everything of life. If all people were more open-minded about their jobs and paid more attention on other stuff in their life, I am confident that they would have more enjoyable experiences which are likely to make their life more interesting and meaningful.
在讨论过工作只是生活的一部分，并不一定使人的生活更有意义的时候，我坚决不同意工作是生活的全部。如果所有人都对工作更加开放，对生活中的其他事情更加关注，我相信他们会有更多的愉快的经历，这些经历可能会使他们的生活更有趣和有意义。
【雅思写作高分范文】讨论孩子课外活动的影响
雅思写作题目：Some people think watching TV every day is bad for children. Others think it is good for developing children as they grow up. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
雅思写作题目讲解：
第一段：看电视是孩子们很重要的课余活动，有些孩子甚至对电视成瘾。
第二段：看电视太多的消极面，对身体健康不利。减少和同龄人以及家人的互动与交流。对智力发展不利，有些电视内容不适合小孩子等素材。
第三段：适量有选择的看电视有益儿童发展，增加知识，和探索世界的兴趣。丰富课余生活，和父母或同龄人一起看有助于更好的亲子或朋友互动等素材。
第四段：适量地选择适合孩子的电视节目，并且尽量和父母或同龄人一同看电视有助于孩子的健康发展，否则电视将对孩子产生消极影响。
雅思写作范文：
Watching TV has always been an important part of after school life for children, and some of them even become TV addicts. Therefore some people advocate ‘no TV for children’.
看电视一直是孩子们课余生活的重要组成部分，他们中的一些甚至成了电视迷。因此，有些人主张“不为孩子们看电视”。
Of course this is understandable. Firstly, children sitting too much time in front of a screen tend to have poor eyesight and weak body due to lack of physical exercise. They can also be lost in the virtual world and be insensitive to people around them, including their parents, and this is detrimental to their family relationship and their emotional development. Another concern is about their mental development which needs various types of interactive activities, but obviously excessive TV viewing cannot meet such requirement. The worst part can be some programs which are not proper for children to watch. Too many advertisements and news focusing on emergency and disasters on the screen are also a disadvantageous point for immature people who are prone to be influenced negatively.
当然，这是可以理解的。首先，由于缺乏体育锻炼，坐在屏幕前的孩子往往视力差，身体虚弱。他们也可能迷失在虚拟世界中，对周围的人，包括他们的父母不敏感，这不利于他们的家庭关系和情感发展。另一个问题是他们的心理发展，这需要各种类型的互动活动，但显然过多的电视观看不能满足这样的要求。最糟糕的部分可能是一些不适合儿童观看的节目。对于那些容易受到消极影响的不成熟人来说，屏幕上过多的关注紧急情况和灾难的广告和新闻也是不利的。
However watching TV in moderation with proper parental supervision can be good for children. There are plenty of educational programs which can expand children’s knowledge and spark their interest in exploring the world where they may not have the opportunity to visit in real life, such as the nature and wild life. TV is not only an educational source, but is also a recreational activity. It can help enrich their after class activities. For example, children are always excited to watch cartoons and they would experience the adventure together with the characters in the show. The positive effects would be enlarged if children are able to share their TV time with their parents or peers, because they would have topics in common and more communication can be followed.
然而，适当的家长监督，适度地看电视对孩子是有益的。有很多教育项目，可以扩大儿童的知识，激发他们的兴趣探索世界，他们可能没有机会在现实生活中访问，如自然和野生生命。电视不仅是一种教育资源，也是一种娱乐活动。它可以帮助丰富他们的课外活动。例如，孩子们总是很兴奋地看卡通片，他们会和剧中的角色一起经历冒险。如果孩子们能够与父母或同龄人分享他们的电视时间，积极的影响将会扩大，因为他们会有共同的话题和更多的交流可以遵循。
In general, I’d like to conclude that whether TV is good or bad is determined by how parents manage it. If parents limit TV hours and designate some educational and interesting programs and they keep their children accompanied, healthy viewing habit would be established and positive effects would be maximized. Otherwise, watching TV can be a worrying situation.
总的来说，我想断定电视是好是坏是由父母如何管理的。如果父母限制看电视的时间，指定一些教育性和趣味性的节目，并陪同他们的孩子，就会养成健康的观看习惯，并最大限度地发挥积极作用。否则，看电视可能是令人担忧的情况。
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