为什么总定位不到雅思阅读出题点

在雅思阅读考试，定位是非常重要的一个细节。相信大家也看过很多有关雅思阅读定位技巧方法的文章，但是真正做题的时候大家还是经常会抓不住重点，这是为什么呢?小编今天就带大家来看清这些真相。

雅思阅读：为什么总定位不到雅思阅读出题点?

真相1：心态紧张，视线模糊

烤鸭心理太紧张了，一味的追求速度，心理想着：快快快!我要比火箭快!于是，紧张的心理，模糊了视线，于是在考场上，阅读的文章，变成了介样：

烤鸭萌，你一紧张，阅读文章变成了介样，请问你怎么可能定位得粗来呢?所以，做阅读第一步，心态调整好，别那么紧张，阅读的速度其实，不用那么快的!刚开始定位第一题时可以稍稍慢点，没关系，或者看第一组题目，如果有好定位的题(出现特殊关键词)，可以优先定位好定位的题，然后再结合题文同序的原则定位。

在原词出现的情况下，定位有两个层次：

1)特殊词定位，这一步一定要快且准确，快速锁定出题点，特殊词定位必须全拿下;

2)没有特殊词，名词定位，用有‘新意’的名词定位(具体课上会解释)。名词定位，如果长难句处理能力强的同学，去定位时：首先结合题文同序的原则，大致圈定出题点后，每个句子快速扫主语和宾语，因为主语和宾语基本都是名词，可以快速找到;如果烤鸭本身句子结构和成分掌握得不好的，那就‘硬扫’，把眼睛当成扫描仪，确保每个单词都看到，但是不用用脑去想每个单词的意思，直到快速扫到这个词为止。

其他定位方式，课上会详细解释，这里暂略。

真相2：定位信息不要只停留在题目上，预测原文也可以定位

考试中一定有些题目，是烤鸭看到之后不知道怎么定位的，因为这样的题目，关键词太难画了。如下例：

例：What is the smallest species of Bovid called?

学生看到介个题目，内心是奔溃的。怎么定位呢?Bovid是文章主题词，文章多次重复出现，不具备定位的价值。找smallest species,文中压根木有出现啊。怎么定位呢?这个时候，其实可以预测答案和原文的形式，来定位。谈到一个物种的大小，要么就是说高度，要么就是说重量，是不是?所以，结合题文同序的原则，去文中快速锁定出现讲身高或是体重的地方，快速定位，预测一下看是不是出题点。文中符合这个特点的原文是：

This diversity of habitat is also matched by great diversity in size and form: at one extreme is the royal antelope of west Africa, which stands a mere 25 cm at the shoulder; at the other, the massively built bisons of North America and Europe, growing to a shoulder height of 2.2m.

(答案：royal antelope)

所以，烤鸭们，请记住通过预测答案在文中的信息和表现方式，也是可以定位的哦。

真相3：定位不光是找某个词，学霸们的定位其实是在快速扫读原文

为什么要扫读原文?我刚刚讲过，考试时，关键词原词出现的题数大约是25-30题，看人品决定。原词出现的，你硬扫也要扫到关键词哦。但是，文中可能不只一个地方出现了关键词，所以要快速扫读出现了关键词的地方，快速提主干，理解大意，通过意思来确定是否是出题点。这就是我强调的，为什么题目要先读懂，再画关键词去定位，因为要通过意思才能确定是否是出题点，这是扫读的原因之一。

原因之二，考官在设置题目的时候，会划分难度，以来选拔不同程度的学生。所以，大约有10道题左右的题目，很难找到一样的关键词，只能通过意思，识别同义替换来定位。当然，这样的题目在定位时还是要结合题文同序的原则，先大概锁定出题点的大概段落，再去快速扫读句子，弄清大意，通过意思，通过识别同义替换来定位。雅思阅读中的同义替换也有几种情况，烤鸭们心里也需要门清的，阅读考试中，同义替换的有以下几种形式：

同义词组/近义词组互换

词性互转(如loss-lost, confidence-confident)

抽象具体/上下义词的同义替换(如fire fighting tools-- fire engine, helicopter等)

类似summary的高度总结和概括

(以上内容，请具体参阅‘雅思语言’那篇文章)

最大真相：定位不到，其实就是实力有待提高，踏踏实实，提升实力

实力提升，需要词汇+长难句，有一定的词汇基础之后，更重要的是提升句子结构处理的能力，快速处理长难句的能力，并且看句子时，不要只是停留在英文的表面，要理解!理解!理解!理解就是反应出中文意思来。

雅思考试阅读模拟练习及答案

From The Economist print edition

How shops can exploit people’s herd mentality to increase sales

1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (that is， how ants， bees or any social animal， including humans， behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy.

2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome， Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani， a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology， described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted： for instance， by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store， forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes， also of the Florida Institute of Technology， set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that， if a certain product is seen to be popular， shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying.

3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani’s supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag， a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information， and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods， a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high， he is more likely to select it too.

4. Mr Usmani’s “swarm-moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts. And it gives shoppers the satisfaction of knowing that they bought the “right” product—that is， the one everyone else bought. The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world， mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets. But Mr Usmani says that both Wal-Mart in America and Tesco in Britain are interested in his work， and testing will get under way in the spring.

5. Another recent study on the power of social influence indicates that sales could， indeed， be boosted in this way. Matthew Salganik of Columbia University in New York and his colleagues have described creating an artificial music market in which some 14，000 people downloaded previously unknown songs. The researchers found that when people could see the songs ranked by how many times they had been downloaded， they followed the crowd. When the songs were not ordered by rank， but the number of times they had been downloaded was displayed， the effect of social influence was still there but was less pronounced. People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so.

6. In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueen has been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and research companies. The shops sell only the most popular items in each product category， and the rankings are updated weekly. Icosystem， a company in Cambridge， Massachusetts， also aims to exploit knowledge of social networking to improve sales.

7. And the psychology that works in physical stores is just as potent on the internet. Online retailers such as Amazon are adept at telling shoppers which products are popular with like-minded consumers. Even in the privacy of your home， you can still be part of the swarm.

雅思考试阅读模拟练习及答案

Questions 1-6

Complete the sentences below with words taken from the reading passage. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

1. Shopowners realize that the smell of _______________ can increase sales of food products.

2. In shops， products shelved at a more visible level sell better even if they are more _______________.

3. According to Mr. Usmani， with the use of “swarm intelligence” phenomenon， a new method can be applied to encourage _______________.

4. On the way to everyday items at the back of the store， shoppers might be tempted to buy _______________.

5. If the number of buyers shown on the _______________ is high， other customers tend to follow them.

6. Using the “swarm-moves” model， shopowners do not have to give customers _______________ to increase sales.

Questions 7-12

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 7-12 write

YES if the statement agrees with the information

NO if the statement contraicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage

7. Radio frequency identification technology has been installed experimentally in big supermarkets like Wal-Mart.

8. People tend to download more unknown songs than songs they are familiar with.

9. Songs ranked high by the number of times being downloaded are favored by customers.

10. People follow the others to the same extent whether it is convenient or not.

11. Items sold in some Japanese stores are simply chosen according to the sales data of other shops.

12. Swarm intelligence can also be observed in everyday life.

Answer keys：

1. 答案：(freshly baked) bread. (第1段第2 行：Shoppers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they intended.)

2. 答案：expensive. (第1段第4 行： Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors.)

3. 答案：impulse buying. (第2段第1 句：At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome， Zeeshan- ul- hassan Usmani， a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology， described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon.)

4. 答案：other (tempting) goods/things/products. (第2段第2 句：Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted： for instance， by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store， forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them.)

5. 答案：screen. (第3段第4 行：As a customer walks past a shelf of goods， a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high， he is more likely to select it too.)

6. 答案：discounts. (第4段第第1句：Mr Usmani’s “swarm- moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts.)

7. 答案：NO. (第4段第3、4 句：The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world， mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets. But Mr Usmani says that both Wal- Mart in America an Tesco in Britain are interestd in his workd， and testing will get under way in the spring. 短语 “get under way”的意思是“开始进行”，在Wal-Mart的试验要等到春天才开始)

8. 答案：NOT GIVEN. (在文中没有提及该信息)

9. 答案：YES。 (第5段第3 句：The reseachers found that when people could see the songs ranked by how many times they have been downloaded， they followed the crowd.)

10. 答案：NO。 (第5段最后两句：When the songs are not ordered by rank， but the number of times they had been downloaded was displayed， the effect of social influence was still there but was less pronounced. People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so. pronounced 的词义是“显著的、明显的”)

11. 答案：YES。 (第6段第1 句：In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueen has been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and research companies.)

12. 答案：YES。 (最后一段最后一句：Even in the privacy of your home， you can still be part of the swarm. home应该算是everyday life的一部分