GRE阅读长篇文章特点和快速阅读技巧分析讲解

GRE阅读长篇文章特点和快速阅读技巧分析讲解，我们一起来看看吧，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

GRE阅读长篇文章特点和快速阅读技巧分析讲解

GRE阅读长篇文章文体特征介绍

GRE阅读文章一般为议论文体，而议论文与其他文体的最大差别在于，写作目的是传达作者对于某个问题的观点。大家在读GRE阅读文章的过程中第一要务，必须要判断当前的句子到底是表达的作者观点，还是表述事实信息，而前者的优先级要远远高于后者。请注意，最重要的信息是作者的观点，而不是从其他张三李四王二麻子嘴里说出来的话。

我们不难发现，表达观点的句子往往简单，很多时候用一些褒贬形容词就可以说清楚，而表述事实的句子往往复杂，涉及到实验现象与数据、历史年代与事件等。对于复杂的事实信息，我们知道它们的作用比知道它们到底是什么内容更重要。

GRE阅读长篇文章技巧：弄清主题

弄清楚这篇文章的主角(即被讨论对象)到底是什么，一篇GRE阅读文章的主角不一定是一个具体的人或者事物，也可以是某种抽象的机制。主角其实就一个，而龙套往往有一大堆。在篇幅上，主角较龙套往往也不占优势，龙套作为论证手段，有其存在的必要性。

然而,作为龙套的那一大堆细节重要性是较低的，不是阅读的重点，也不是命题的重点。大家在阅读的过程中，一旦发现有些复杂的内容所描述的对象其实是龙套，那么这些内容一概略读。这个问题在GRE阅读名篇《伊斯兰宗教法》中体现得非常明显，有兴趣的读者可以体会一下。

GRE阅读长篇文章技巧：找到观点

大多数文章的作者为了阐述自身的观点，会在文中引入对立面。首先，这种对立面可以体现为反派的观点，我们经常称之为老观点。这种老观点本身是次要的，而文章中用于支持老观点的细节就更加次要。所以，这些内容只需略读;其次，这种对立面也可以体现为文章在论述过程中用到的让步成分。有些让步成分内容复杂，语言困难，而且没有什么常规逻辑连词引导，因此难以识别。

而一旦考生纠缠于此，那么大量的时间就无谓地浪费掉了。对于这种情况，小站教育总结出的方法是：首先考生通过文首的主题段落或句子判断文章的方向(比如，作者认为某种思想到底好还是不好)，在随后的阅读过程中，一旦发现文章当中的任何内容所表述的方向与主题方向相反，那么这种内容一概略读。

GRE阅读文章多为学术论文

一篇完整的学术论文一般包含下列几个部分。一、引言部分：在这一部分主要告诉读者研究对象所处的学科类别与话题范围，研究的背景(如可行性与必要性)，以及对其他类似研究成果的介绍。

二、主体部分：该部分阐述作者自己的研究方法与理论，以及用于支持自己理论的相关实验现象或历史资料等。

三、延伸部分：在文章的尾部往往会出现话题的延伸，这种延伸的内容与主体部分并不一样，有的情况下会给主体部分的理论加一些限制补充的意见，使得在逻辑上更加严密;也有的情况下作者会提及今后进一步研究的方向。ETS在对原始论文进行压缩时，为了节省篇幅，正常情况下会只取原论文的主体部分。

上述诸点考虑，与其说是GRE阅读文章中的技巧，还不如说是一种基本功。道理上大家都能明白，但要把这些道理灵活地运用到实战中，还需要大量的训练。每当我们的阅读进程被文章中某一块难啃的骨头(难词、难句、难的原理)阻碍的时候，我们首先想到的不是到底怎样去啃，而是啃这块骨头的价值几何，这种文字价值甄别能力一旦练成，近则有益于高效突破GRE阅读题，远则有益于提高大家的文献快速阅读能力。

GRE阅读练习每日一篇

Currently, the paramount problem in the field of biomaterials, the science of replacing diseased tissue with human-made implants, is control over the interface, or surface, between implanted biomaterials and living tissues. The physical properties of most tissues can be matched by careful selection of raw materials: metals, ceramics, or several varieties of polymer materials. Even the requirement that biomaterials processed from these materials be nontoxic to host tissue can be met by techniques derived from studying the reactions of tissue cultures to biomaterials or from short-term implants. But achieving necessary matches in physical properties across interfaces between living and non-living matter requires knowledge of which molecules control the bonding of cells to each other—an area that we have not yet explored thoroughly. Although recent research has allowed us to stabilize the tissue-biomaterial interface by controlling either the chemical reactions or the microstructure of the biomaterial, our fundamental understanding of how implant devices adhere to tissues remains woefully incomplete.

17. According to the passage, the major problem currently facing scientists in the field of biomaterials is

(A) assessing and regulating the bonding between host tissue and implants

(B) controlling the transfer of potentially toxic materials across the interface of tissue and implant

(C) discovering new materials from which to construct implant devices

(D) deciding in what situations implants are needed

(E) determining the importance of short-term implants to long-term stability of tissue-implant interfaces

18. The passage suggests which of the following about the recent research mentioned in lines 19-25?

(A) It has solved one set of problems but has created another.

(B) It has concentrated on secondary concerns but has ignored primary concerns.

(C) It has improved practical applications of biomaterial technology without providing a complete theoretical explanation of that improvement.

(D) It has thoroughly investigated properties of biomaterials but has paid little attention to relevant characteristics of human tissue.

(E) It has provided considerable information on short-term implant technology but little on long-term implant technology.

19. The author’s primary purpose is to

(A) answer a theoretical question in the field of biomaterials

(B) discuss the current state of technology in the field of biomaterials

(C) resolve a research dispute in the field of biomaterial

(D) predict an ethical crisis for biomaterials researchers

(E) suggest some practical benefits of biomaterial implants

Islamic law is a particularly instructive example of “sacred law.” Islamic law is a phenomenon so different from all other forms of law—notwithstanding, of course, a considerable and inevitable number of coincidences with one or the other of them as far as subject matter and positive enactments are concerned—that its study is indispensable in order to appreciate adequately the full range of possible legal phenomena. Even the two other representatives of sacred law that are historically and geographically nearest to it, Jewish law and Roman Catholic canon law (canon law: 教会法规), are perceptibly different.

Both Jewish law and canon law are more uniform than Islamic law. Though historically there is a discernible break between Jewish law of the sovereign state of ancient Israel and of the Diaspora (the dispersion of Jewish people after the conquest of Israel), the spirit of the legal matter in later parts of the Old Testament is very close to that of the Talmud, one of the primary codifications of Jewish law in the Diaspora. Islam, on the other hand, represented a radical breakaway from the Arab paganism that preceded it; Islamic law is the result of an examination, from a religious angle, of legal subject matter that was far from uniform, comprising as it did the various components of the laws of pre-Islamic Arabia and numerous legal elements taken over from the non-Arab peoples of the conquered territories. All this was unified by being subjected to the same kind of religious scrutiny, the impact of which varied greatly, being almost nonexistent in some fields, and in others originating novel institutions. This central duality of legal subject matter and religious norm is additional to the variety of legal, ethical, and ritual rules that is typical of sacred law.

In its relation to the secular state, Islamic law differed from both Jewish and canon law. Jewish law was buttressed by the cohesion of the community, reinforced by pressure from outside; its rules are the direct expression of this feeling of cohesion, tending toward the accommodation of dissent. Canon and Islamic aw, on the contrary, were dominated by the dualism of religion and state, where the state was not, in contrast with Judaism, an alien power but the political expression of the same religion. But the conflict between state and religion took different forms; in Christianity it appeared as the struggle for political power on the part of a tightly organized ecclesiastical hierarchy, and canon law was one of its political weapons. Islamic law, on the other hand, was never supported by an organized institution; consequently, there never developed an overt trial of strength. There merely existed discordance between application of the sacred law and many of the regulations framed by Islamic states; this antagonism varied according to place and time.

20. The author’s purpose in comparing Islamic law to Jewish law and canon law is most probably to

(A) contend that traditional legal subject matter does not play a large role in Islamic law

(B) support his argument that Islamic law is a unique kind of legal phenomenon

(C) emphasize the variety of forms that can all be considered sacred law

(D) provide an example of how he believes comparative institutional study should be undertaken

(E) argue that geographical and historical proximity does not necessarily lead to parallel institutional development

21. The passage provides information to answer which of the following questions?

(A) Does Islamic law depend on sources other than Arab legal principles?

(B) What secular practices of Islamic states conflicted with Islamic law?

(C) Are Jewish law and canon law the most typical examples of sacred law?

(D) Is Jewish law more uniform than canon law?

(E) What characterized Arab law of the pre-Islamic era?

22. According to the passage, which of the following statements about sacred law is correct?

(A) The various systems of sacred law originated in a limited geographical area.

(B) The various systems of sacred law have had marked influence on one another.

(C) Systems of sacred law usually rely on a wide variety of precedents.

(D) Systems of sacred law generally contain prescriptions governing diverse aspects of human activity.

(E) Systems of sacred law function most effectively in communities with relatively small populations.

23. It can be inferred from the passage that the application of Islamic law in Islamic states has

(A) systematically been opposed by groups who believe it is contrary to their interests

(B) suffered irreparably from the lack of firm institutional backing

(C) frequently been at odds with the legal activity of government institutions

(D) remained unaffected by the political forces operating alongside it

(E) benefited from the fact that it never experienced a direct confrontation with the state

24. Which of the following most accurately describes the organization of the passage?

(A) A universal principle is advanced and then discussed in relation to a particular historical phenomenon.

(B) A methodological innovation is suggested and then examples of its efficacy are provided.

(C) A traditional interpretation is questioned and then modified to include new data.

(D) A general opinion is expressed and then supportive illustrations are advanced.

(E) A controversial viewpoint is presented and then both supportive evidence and contradictory evidence are cited.

25. The passage implies that the relationship of Islamic, Jewish, and canon law is correctly described by which of the following statements?

I. Because each constitutes an example of sacred law, they necessarily share some features.

II. They each developed in reaction to the interference of secular political institutions.

III. The differences among them result partly from their differing emphasis on purely ethical rules.

(A) I only

(B) III only

(C) I and II only

(D) II and III only

(E) I, II, and III

26. The passage suggests that canon law differs from Islamic law in that only canon law

(A) contains prescriptions that nonsacred legal systems might regard as properly legal

(B) concerns itself with the duties of a person in regard to the community as a whole

(C) was affected by the tension of the conflict between religion and state

(D) developed in a political environment that did not challenge its fundamental existence

(E) played a role in the direct confrontation between institutions vying for power

27. All of the following statements about the development of Islamic law are implied in the passage EXCEPT:

(A) Pre-Islamic legal principles were incorporated into Islamic law with widely differing degrees of change.

(B) Diverse legal elements were joined together through the application of a purely religious criterion.

(C) Although some of the sources of Islamic law were pagan, its integrity as a sacred law was not compromised by their incorporation.

(D) There was a fundamental shared characteristic in all pre-Islamic legal matter taken over by Islamic law.

(E) Although Islam emerged among the Arabs, Islamic law was influenced by ethnically diverse elements.

答案：17-27：ACBBADCDAED

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