GRE阅读学术类文章特点分析和应对技巧讲解

若水1147由分享时间：2020-08-30 21:49:01

GRE阅读学术类文章特点分析和应对技巧讲解，我们一起来看看吧，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

GRE阅读学术类文章特点分析和应对技巧讲解

GRE阅读学术文章应对心得：了解文章措辞风格

对于GRE阅读考试来说，学术化就是最大的纲，也是它迥异于托福雅思的纲，我曾在另文中指出，雅思托福的命题目的是生活化，而对于GRE来说，学术化代表着措辞的规范和温和。对于考生的意义在于，文章的整体是温和的，文章里面出现的极端的言辞都是要注意的，文章里面的事实都是与我们学术生活共时的，对于过去的追忆和反现实的虚拟状态，都是非常明显的潜在出题点。尤其是虚拟语气，往往表示应然而非然之状态，很有可能出现负评价，以态度题的方式考察。而一切过分极端的言辞，如绝对的说法，大多数，比较级尤其是强烈比较级，在文章里的出现要注意，还有一种也是强烈的对比的标志，就是以大写字母标注的时间，指明某时之前或之后，我们称之为时间强对比。以上总结之，即是三大关系，强对比，因果以及转折。表示这些关系的连词，一律要注意，最好做出标记。而对于题目来说，考生要注意以上说法是在哪里出现，如果文章有这些强烈的措辞，那么题目当中对应这些段落的选项也有，就很可能是对的，如果选项出现而文章的相应位置没有，则该选项必错。

GRE阅读学术文章应对心得：预见作者的态度

主题题，态度题如何解决呢?首先我们需要了解GRE考试的评价体系。对于激进的(进化论)左的(马列)上纲上线的，通常不与支持，对于以政治干涉学术，尤其反对。对于歧视弱者，损害弱者尤其反对，弱者恒强。Should, must, should have 等词也是负评价，应然不然。选项中极端的，进行人生攻击的，模棱两可的，谄媚的，马上排除，因为这是学术考试。选项过分极端的副词，也要小心，如表示绝对的言辞。

GRE阅读备考时如何应对学术文章?

诸生读此类文章最大误区在于试图读懂，更有甚者，寻求文章之背景，遍寻译文，以期充分理解每个GRE词汇，虽有燃膏继晷之功，难有吴甲吞楚之效，盖此种文章，非为考生读懂而设计。更有甚者，仿阅读之结构，言辞，图作文之高分，则更加南辕北辙，缘木求鱼而已。请杀鸡诸位谨记：这是考试，你只有13-15分钟做题，文章不是用来读懂的，对待难句最好的办法是考虑怎么不读，少读，而不是分析。学术文章特点就是规范，层次清晰，主题明确。我们一定要读出套路，尤其是文章观点的数量，这个直接关系到主题题怎么出。我们要把每段的层次的连词标记出来，我们还要知道每个层次的主题词是什么，周围有没有否定词(改善题)，有没有褒贬的词(态度题，应用题)至于例子，也可以考虑不读或者少读，因为GRE阅读词汇重点考观点，例子是事实，事实记得越多，混淆信息越多，做题越慢，准确率越低。对于例子，只要记住位置就可以，题目考到再看，不考坚决不看。以观点记例子，以观点分层次，以观点分逻辑关系。

GRE阅读备考如何审题破题?

首先记住，先文后题。道理很简单，你直接读题，根本读不懂。所以很重要的是搞明白两个问题，这个题目对应文章那个层次，考的是观点还是例子。

关于如何准备GRE阅读中的学术类文章小编就介绍到这里想，希望你看完之后能够在GRE阅读备考中好好把握这类文章的阅读思路，这样才能够在GRE阅读考试的过程中更好的应对。

GRE阅读练习每日一篇

Of Homer’s two epic poems, the Odyssey has always been more popular than the Iliad, perhaps because it includes more features of mythology that are accessible to readers. Its subject (to use Maynard Mack’s categories) is “life-as-spectacle,” for readers, diverted by its various incidents, observe its hero Odysseus primarily from without; the tragic Iliad, however, presents “life-as-experience”: readers are asked to identify with the mind of Achilles, whose motivations render him a not particularly likable hero. In addition, the Iliad, more than the Odyssey, suggests the complexity of the gods’ involvement in human actions, and to the extent that modern readers find this complexity a needless complication, the Iliad is less satisfying than the Odyssey, with its simpler scheme of divine justice. Finally, since the Iliad presents a historically verifiable action, Troy’s siege, the poem raises historical questions that are absent from the Odyssey’s blithely imaginative world.

17. The author uses Mack’s “categories” (lines 4-5) most probably in order to

(A) argue that the Iliad should replace the Odyssey as the more popular poem

(B) indicate Mack’s importance as a commentator on the Iliad and the Odyssey

(D) point out some of the difficulties faced by readers of the Iliad and the Odyssey

(E) demonstrate that the Iliad and the Odyssey can best be distinguished by comparing their respective heroes

18. The author suggests that the variety of incidents in the Odyssey is likely to deter the reader from

(A) concentrating on the poem’s mythological features

(B) concentrating on the psychological states of the poem’s central character

(D) accepting the poem’s scheme of divine justice

(E) accepting Maynard Mack’s theory that the poem’s subject is “life-as-spectacle”

19. The passage is primarily concerned with

(A) distinguishing arguments

(B) applying classifications

(D) resolving a dispute

(E) developing a contrast

20. It can be inferred from the passage that a reader of the Iliad is likely to have trouble identifying with the poem’s hero for which of the following reasons?

(A) The hero is eventually revealed to be unheroic.

(B) The hero can be observed by the reader only from without.

(D) The hero’s emotions often do not seem appealing to the reader.

(E) The hero’s emotions are not sufficiently various to engage the reader’s attention.

Flatfish, such as the flounder, are among the few vertebrates that lack approximate bilateral symmetry (symmetry in which structures to the left and right of the body’s midline are mirror images). Most striking among the many asymmetries evident in an adult flatfish is eye placement: before maturity one eye migrates, so that in an adult flatfish both eyes are on the same side of the head. While in most species with asymmetries virtually all adults share the same asymmetry, members of the starry flounder (starry flounder: (美洲)箭齿鲽,星斑川鲽) species can be either left-eyed (both eyes on the left side of head) or right-eyed. In the waters between the United States and Japan, the starry flounder populations vary from about 50 percent left-eyed off the United States West Coast, through about 70 percent left-eyed halfway between the United States and Japan, to nearly 100 percent left-eyed off the Japanese coast.

Biologists call this kind of gradual variation over a certain geographic range a “cline (cline: n.[生]渐变群(一种生态特征))” and interpret clines as strong indications that the variation is adaptive, a response to environmental differences. For the starry flounder this interpretation implies that a geometric difference (between fish that are mirror images of one another) is adaptive, that left-eyedness in the Japanese starry flounder has been selected for, which provokes a perplexing questions: what is the selective advantage (selective advantage: 选择有利性) in having both eyes on one side rather than on the other?

The ease with which a fish can reverse the effect of the sidedness of its eye asymmetry simply by turning around has caused biologists to study internal anatomy, especially the optic nerves, for the answer. In all flatfish the optic nerves cross, so that the right optic nerve is joined to the brain’s left side and vice versa. This crossing introduces an asymmetry, as one optic nerve must cross above or below the other. G. H. Parker reasoned that if, for example, a flatfish’s left eye migrated when the right optic nerve was on top, there would be a twisting of nerves, which might be mechanically disadvantageous. For starry flounders, then, the left-eyed variety would be selected against, since in a starry flounder the left optic nerve is uppermost.

The problem with the above explanation is that the Japanese starry flounder population is almost exclusively left-eyed, an natural selection never promotes a purely less advantageous variation. As other explanations proved equally untenable, biologists concluded that there is no important adaptive difference between left-eyedness and right-eyedness, and that the two characteristics are genetically associated with some other adaptively significant characteristic. This situation is one commonly encountered by evolutionary biologists, who must often decide whether a characteristic is adaptive or selectively neutral. As for the left-eyed and right-eyed flatfish, their difference, however striking, appears to be an evolutionary red herring (red herring: n.熏青鱼, 转移注意力的话).

21. According to the passage, starry flounder differ from most other species of flatfish in that starry flounder

(A) are not basically bilaterally symmetric

(B) do not become asymmetric until adulthood

(D) have both eyes on the same side of the head

(E) tend to cluster in only certain geographic regions

22. The author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about left-eyedness and right-eyedness in the starry flounder?

I. They are adaptive variations by the starry flounder to environmental differences.

II. They do not seem to give obvious selective advantages to the starry flounder.

III. They occur in different proportions in different locations.

(A) I only

(B) II only

(D) II and III only

(E) I, II, and III

23. According to the passage, a possible disadvantage associated with eye migration in flatfish is that the optic nerves can

(A) adhere to one another

(B) detach from the eyes

(D) stretch

(E) twist

24. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage as a whole?

(A) A phenomenon is described and an interpretation presented and rejected.

(B) A generalization is made and supporting evidence is supplied and weighed.

(D) A series of observations is presented and explained in terms of the dominant theory.

(E) A hypothesis is introduced and corroborated in the light of new evidence.

25. The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions?

(A) Why are Japanese starry flounder mostly left-eyed?

(B) Why should the eye-sidedness in starry flounder be considered selectively neutral?

(D) How do the eyes in flatfish migrate?

(E) How did Parker make his discoveries about the anatomy of optic nerves in flatfish?

26. Which of the following is most clearly similar to a cline as it is described in the second paragraph of the passage?

(A) A vegetable market in which the various items are grouped according to place of origin

(B) A wheat field in which different varieties of wheat are planted to yield a crop that will bring the maximum profit

(D) A housing development in which the length of the front struts supporting the porch of each house increases as houses are built up the hill

(E) A national park in which the ranger stations are placed so as to be inconspicuous, and yet as easily accessible as possible

27. Which of the following phrases from the passage best expresses the author’s conclusion about the meaning of the difference between left-eyed and right-eyed flatfish?

(A) “Most striking” (line 4)

(B) “variation is adaptive” (line 19)

(D) “adaptively significant” (lines 48-49)

(E) “evolutionary red herring” (line 54)

答案：17-27：CBEDCDEABDE