GRE阅读主题句写法特点分析

若水1147由分享时间：2020-08-30 21:40:05

GRE阅读主题句写法特点分析，找对主题句看清文章套路，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

GRE阅读主题句写法特点分析找对主题句看清文章套路

GRE阅读主题句特点形式介绍

美国人的思维和我们并不一样，和国内考生写文章也不一样，美国人的阅读文章中从来都不出现“I think that，in my opinion，as far as I am considered”此类语言做主题句。通常来说主题句有以下两种形式：

1. 判断句(含情态动词，系动词，正负褒贬词的句子)。

2. 概括文章将来结构。

比如下面的一个句子：Your minds changed my attitude. 这句话中并没有加入情态动词和系动词，因此这句话自然不是判断句，也就不是主题句。但只要在这句话中加入一个正负褒贬词，即一个词表明作者的态度或观点的词即是判断句了。比如，Your minds successfully changed my attitude即是判断句了。

另外，如果一个句子不是判断句，只要它能够概括文章将来结构，及文章后面会从哪几个方面来说明，也是主题句。比如，People are living longer now. 这句话一定不是主题句，而如果这句话是，People are living longer now since the improvement of food condition and the development of medical technology.这句话即是主题句了。因为它概括了文章后面会从哪几个方向来进行说明。

学会判断主题句有哪些好处?

如果考生在新GRE阅读题中掌握好了主题句判断方法，很多文章便可以很快把握文章的结构框架，帮助后面文章的理解。

比如一篇文章的开头是：Mycorrhizal fungi infect more plants than do any other fungi and are necessary for many plants to thrive， but they have escaped widespread investigation until recently for two reasons. First， the symbiotic association is so well-balanced that the roots of host plants show no damage even when densely infected. Second， the fungi cannot as yet be cultivated in the absence of a living root.

第一句是明显的判断句，即为主题句。而主题句也同时概括了文章的将来结构，即会从“M真菌影响力很强”和“M真菌过去由于两个原因没有得到广泛研究”。下面马上看到了first和second，我们即知道这两个很难读懂的句子无非是两个原因使得M真菌没有得到广泛研究而已，具体是哪两个原因，我们几乎可以忽略不读。

GRE阅读练习

Many critics of Emily Bronte’s novel Wuthering Heights see its second part as a counterpoint (a complementing or contrasting item: OPPOSITE) that comments on, if it does not reverse, the first part, where a “romantic” reading receives more confirmation. Seeing the two parts as a whole is encouraged by the novel’s sophisticated structure, revealed in its complex use of narrators and time shifts. Granted that the presence of these elements need not argue an authorial awareness of novelistic construction comparable to that of Henry James, their presence does encourage attempts to unify the novel’s heterogeneous parts. However, any interpretation that seeks to unify all of the novel’s diverse elements is bound to be somewhat unconvincing. This is not because such an interpretation necessarily stiffens into a thesis (although rigidity in any interpretation of this or of any novel is always a danger), but because Wuthering Heights has recalcitrant elements of undeniable power that, ultimately, resist inclusion in an all-encompassing interpretation. In this respect, Wuthering Heights shares a feature of Hamlet.

17. According to the passage, which of the following is a true statement about the first and second parts of Wuthering Heights?

(A) The second part has received more attention from critics.

(B) The second part has little relation to the first part.

(D) The second part provides less substantiation for a “romantic” reading.

(E) The second part is better because it is more realistic.

18. Which of the following inferences about Henry James’s awareness of novelistic construction is best supported by the passage?

(A) James, more than any other novelist, was aware of the difficulties of novelistic construction.

(B) James was very aware of the details of novelistic construction.

(D) James’s awareness of novelistic construction has led most commentators to see unity in his individual novels.

(E) James’s awareness of novelistic construction precluded him from violating the unity of his novels.

19. The author of the passage would be most likely to agree that an interpretation of a novel should

(A) not try to unite heterogeneous elements in the novel

(B) not be inflexible in its treatment of the elements in the novel

(D) concentrate on those recalcitrant elements of the novel that are outside the novel’s main structure

(E) primarily consider those elements of novelistic construction of which the author of the novel was aware

20. The author of the passage suggests which of the following about Hamlet?

I. Hamlet has usually attracted critical interpretations that tend to stiffen into theses.

II. Hamlet has elements that are not amenable to an all-encompassing critical interpretation.

III. Hamlet is less open to an all-encompassing critical interpretation than is Wuthering Heights.

IV. Hamlet has not received a critical interpretation that has been widely accepted by readers.

(A) I only

(B) II only

(D) III and IV only

(E) I, II, and III only

The determination of the sources of copper ore used in the manufacture of copper and bronze artifacts of Bronze Age (Bronze Age: n. 铜器时代) civilizations would add greatly to our knowledge of cultural contacts and trade in that era. Researchers have analyzed artifacts and ores for their concentrations of elements, but for a variety of reasons, these studies have generally failed to provide evidence of the sources of the copper used in the objects. Elemental composition can vary within the same copper-ore lode, usually because of varying admixtures of other elements, especially iron, lead, zinc, and arsenic. And high concentrations of cobalt or zinc, noticed in some artifacts, appear in a variety of copper-ore sources. Moreover, the processing of ores introduced poorly controlled changes in the concentrations of minor and trace elements in the resulting metal. Some elements evaporate during smelting and roasting; different temperatures and processes produce different degrees of loss. Finally, flux, which is sometimes added during smelting to remove waste material from the ore, could add quantities of elements to the final product.

An elemental property that is unchanged through these chemical processes is the isotopic composition of each metallic element in the ore. Isotopic composition, the percentages of the different isotopes of an element in a given sample of the element, is therefore particularly suitable as an indicator of the sources of the ore. Of course, for this purpose it is necessary to find an element whose isotopic composition is more or less constant throughout a given ore body, but varies from one copper ore body to another or, at least, from one geographic region to another.

The ideal choice, when isotopic composition is used to investigate the source of copper ore, would seem to be copper itself. It has been shown that small but measurable variations occur naturally in the isotopic composition of copper. However, the variations are large enough only in rare ores; between samples of the common ore minerals of copper, isotopic variations greater than the measurement error have not been found. An alternative choice is lead, which occurs in most copper and bronze artifacts of the Bronze Age in amounts consistent with the lead being derived from the copper ores and possibly from the fluxes. The isotopic composition of lead often varies from one source of common copper ore to another, with variations exceeding the measurement error; and preliminary studies indicate virtually uniform isotopic composition of the lead from a single copper-ore source. While some of the lead found in an artifact may have been introduced from flux or when other metals were added to the copper ore, lead so added in Bronze Age processing would usually have the same isotopic composition as the lead in the copper ore. Lead isotope studies may thus prove useful for interpreting the archaeological record of the Bronze Age.

21. The primary purpose of the passage is to

(A) discuss the techniques of analyzing lead isotope composition

(B) propose a way to determine the origin of the copper in certain artifacts

(D) describe the deficiencies of a currently used method of chemical analysis of certain metals

(E) offer an interpretation of the archaeological record of the Bronze Age

22. The author first mentions the addition of flux during smelting (lines 18-21) in order to

(A) give a reason for the failure of elemental composition studies to determine ore sources

(B) illustrate differences between various Bronze Age civilizations

(D) illustrate the uniformity of lead isotope composition

(E) explain the success of copper isotope composition analysis

23. The author suggests which of the following about a Bronze Age artifact containing high concentrations of cobalt or zinc?

(A) It could not be reliably tested for its elemental composition.

(B) It could not be reliably tested for its copper isotope composition.

(D) It could have been manufactured from ore from any one of a variety of sources.

(E) It could have been produced by the addition of other metals during the processing of the copper ore.

24. According to the passage, possible sources of the lead found in a copper or bronze artifact include which of the following?

I. The copper ore used to manufacture the artifact

II. Flux added during processing of the copper ore

III. Other metal added during processing of the copper ore

(A) I only

(B) II only

(D) II and III only

(E) I, II, and III

25. The author rejects copper as the “ideal choice” mentioned in line 33 because

(A) the concentration of copper in Bronze Age artifacts varies

(B) elements other than copper may be introduced during smelting

(D) among common copper ores, differences in copper isotope composition are too small

(E) within a single source of copper ore, copper isotope composition can vary substantially

26. The author makes which of the following statements about lead isotope composition?

(A) It often varies from one copper-ore source to another.

(B) It sometimes varies over short distances in a single copper-ore source.

(D) It frequently changes during smelting and roasting.

(E) It may change when artifacts are buried for thousands of years.

27. It can be inferred from the passage that the use of flux in processing copper ore can alter the lead isotope composition of the resulting metal EXCEPT when

(A) there is a smaller concentration of lead in the flux than in the copper ore

(B) the concentration of lead in the flux is equivalent to that of the lead in the ore

(D) any lead in the flux has the same isotopic composition as the lead in the ore

(E) other metals are added during processing

答案：17-27：DBBBBADEDAD