托福阅读备考的误区

在备考托福阅读的过程中，你们有踩中托福阅读备考的误区吗?到底有哪些误区呢?下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

托福阅读备考的误区

No.1托福阅读就是要使劲做题，做题量决定考试成绩

很多同学在复习的时候喜欢做一些市面上很火的模拟题，有同学能把模拟题做得几乎全对，而遇到真实考试却遭遇滑铁卢。天道留学专家建议托福考友还是要以剑桥真题系列为主，不要仅仅满足把题做对，更要花功夫理解跟解题相关的句子，对于层次高的同学希望大家能归纳下真题文章每段大意，这也是托福阅读高分同学共享的秘方。

No.2每次托福阅读考试都有些题很难做，所以复习时应该重点关注此类难题

托福阅读考试中会有几个难度颇高的题目，这些题考查大家生僻的单词，或者非常注重同学们的英语思维。不过天道留学专家认为大家平时的复习时间不要花在偏题怪题上面，主心骨还是放在中等规范的题目中。大家记住托福考试考的是语言，区别于四六级考试和国内的硕士研究生招生考试，题目答案直接从文章表象中找就可以，不用特深入地思考。如果定位之后，思维要经过山路十八弯，大多时候就误入歧途了。

No.3托福阅读能力很难提高

阅读能力取决于两个层面：英语基本功和快速阅读技能。托福阅读对于英语基本功的要求就是能够胜任将来国外大学的学习，其笔试的要求大致相当于大学六级的水平。而快速阅读技能要在打好英语基础之上再进行培养。托福速度的主要技能概括起来是3个S: Survey, Skim和Scan. Survey(浏览)就是在做文章之前进行浏览，对文章主题进行一个整体的把握，主要看一下题目、小标题等;Skim(略读)需要你在短时间内掌握句子或段落的内容，这就需要你跳过一些东西。Scan(扫读)的能力就是在短时间内迅速找出一个单词在文章中位置的能力，这个能力完全可以靠坚持不懈的托福备考来培养。

No.4托福阅读应该先读文章再读问题

万事万物没有绝对!我认为如果考生的语言水平不错，那其实先读文章和先读题目差别不大，殊途同归嘛。However，如果考生觉得自己的英语还有待提高，而又急着要考托福的话，那么在做阅读的时候还是先读题目，找出关键信息，然后再读文章一一搜索信息。

托福阅读形容词性从句解析

定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中作定语，其作用是修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句。通常定语从句皆置于它所修饰的名词或代词之后，被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词(antecedent)，而引导定语从句的词称为关联词。

关联词常有3个作用：连接作用，引导定语从句;代替先行词;在定语从句中担当一个成分。关联词为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词在定语从句中可以用作主语、宾语、定语等;关系副词在定语从句中只用作状语。如：

★ One factor which may help ensure that some endangered languages do not die out completely is people's increasing appreciation of their cultural identity.(which may help ensure that some endangered languages do not die out completely是关系代词which引导的定语从句，用以修饰which的先行词factor, which在从句中用作主语)

★ And even in regions where new projects seem warranted, we must find ways to meet demands with fewer resources, respecting ecological criteria and to a smaller budget.(where new projects seem warranted是关系副词where引导的定语从句，用以修饰where的先行词regions, where在从句中用作地点状语)

定语从句一般紧跟在其先行词之后。如：

★ Food production has kept pace with soaring populations mainly because of the expansion of artificial irrigation systems that make possible the growth of 40% of the world's food.(关系代词that引导的定语从句紧跟其先行词artificial irrigation systems之后)

有时也可以与先行词分离。如：

★ A new teacher will come tomorrow, who will teach you Chinese.(关系代词who引导的定语从句与其先行词teacher分离)

用作关联词的关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，但在此提醒考生们绝对没有“what”。who, whom, whose指人，who是主格，在定语从句中用作主语(在非正式英语中也可以用作宾语，并且用作宾语时可以省去不用);whom是宾格，在定语从句中用作宾语(也可以省去不用);whose是属格，在定语从句中用作定语(有时也可以指物)。如：

★ The American zoologist Donald Griffin, who was largely responsible for the discovery of sonar in bats, coined the term ‘echolocation' to cover both sonar and radar, whether used by animals or by human instruments.(主格关系代词who在从句中作主语)

★ The man who he talked about is a professor.(在非正式英语中who代替了whom,也可以省去不用)

★ He doesn't like the girl whom you refer to.(宾格关系代词whom在从句中用作宾语，也可以省去不用)

★ The children whose parents give priority to work may feel lonely and alienated.(属格关系代词whose在定语从句中用作定语，指人)

★ The car whose wheels have been stolen was bought yesterday.(属格关系代词whose在定语从句中用作定语，指物，即car，可以用of which代替，但后者较为正式)

That在定语从句中既可以用作主语，也可以用作宾语(在非正式文体中可省去);既可以指人，也可以指物。如：

★ These methods include strength training that duplicate what they are doing in their running events as well as plyometrics, a technique pioneered in the former Soviet Union.(关系代词that在定语从句中用作主语，指物)

★ Put another way, basic heath-care is now recognized as a ‘public good', rather than a ‘private good' that one is expected to buy for oneself.(关系代词that在定语从句中用作宾语，指物)

★ The students that hold a foreign degree seem to be more confident and independent.(关系代词that在定语从句中用作主语，指人)

which在定语从句中既可以用作主语，也可以用作宾语;一般皆指物(在非正式文体中可省去)。如：

★ Eye position in freshwater dolphins, which often swim on their side or upside down while feeding, suggests that what vision they have stereoscopic forward and upward.(关系代词which在定语从句中用作主语)

★ Those surveyed had experienced chronic illnesses, for which orthodox medicine had been able to provide little relief.(关系代词which在定语从句中用作宾语，可以省去)

which在从句中也可以被用作定语和表语。如：

★ His money had been stolen, which news annoyed him.(关系代词which在定语从句中用作定语)

★ They were completely mistrusted, which in fact, they were.(关系代词which在定语从句中用作表语)

关系代词在从句中用作介词宾语时，介词可以位于从句之首，也可以位于从句之末。但以位于从句之首较为正式。如：

★ This has been encouraged through programs of language classes fro children and through ‘apprentice' scheme, in which the endangered language is used as the medium of instruction to teach people a traditional skill.(关系代词which在定语从句中用作介词in的宾语，介词位于定语从句之首，即which之前)

★ This has been encouraged through programs of language classes fro children and through ‘apprentice' scheme, which the endangered language is used as the medium of instruction to teach people a traditional skill in.(介词in位于定语从句之首，which在此可以省去)

像during, except或者表示分割作用的of等介词通常放在关系代词的前面。如：

★ The years during which he was away were long years to her.

★ He wrote many books, some of which you will read some day.

关系代词who和that用作介词宾语时，介词须置于句末。如：

★ The writer you referred to was an unknown writer.(关系代词who用作介词to的宾语，介词to须位于定语从句之末，who在口语中可以省去)

★ This is the problem that he has been complaining about.(关系代词that用作介词about的宾语，介词about须位于定语从句之末)

有时定语从句中还有其他成分，介词则位于定语从句之中。如：

This is the engineer who he cooperated with in the project.

先行词指人时，关系代词既可以用who, 也可以用that。但关系代词在定语从句中用作主语时，多用主格who。如：

★ Beyond the practical need to make order out of chaos, the rise of the dictionaries is associated with the rise of the English middle class, who were anxious to define and circumscribe the various world to conquer.(persons, those, people等先行词多用关系代词who)

★ It is Tom who should be punished.(在强调结构中，指人时多用who)

★ The American zoologist Donald Griffin, who was largely responsible for the discovery of sonar in bats, coined the term ‘echolocation' to cover both sonar and radar, whether used by animals or by human instruments.

如何快速攻克托福阅读?

第一种：完全没有做题，对于做题方法不熟悉

在短短的一个月内，想要在托福的阅读部分获得一个较高的分数，还是需要不断的努力的。针对做题方法不熟悉这个问题：

需要大家在一个月的时间内，按照老师所讲的托福阅读的方法，来做大量的练习——刷题。俗话说 “纸上得来终觉浅，绝知此事要躬行”，大多数学生一直都是在听老师讲解，托福阅读细节题怎么做，推断题怎么做，修辞目的题怎么做，但如果你自己没有认真的去做几套题，你是永远无法掌握老师口中所讲的方法的，也不能体会题干中的规律和奥妙。因此对于没有做过托福阅读练习的同学来说，首先要做的就是，通过多做练习来提高托福阅读做题方法的熟练度。对于做题方法都不太熟悉的同学来说，还是尽快的熟悉下托福阅读的题型，学习做题方法，进行练习，这样才能够达到最佳的效果。

第二种：经过了专门的学习和练习，有些同学们还是会经常做错题，及觉得做题时间不够

对于第二类同学，也是占绝大多数的同学来说，学会总结是至关重要的。既然我们都是经过了长时间的准备，对于托福阅读的题型也很了解，那为什么还是会有错题呢?

大多数同学在做题的过程中，会遇到一个问题：不符合题干。也就是说，我们做题的过程当中，并没有完全的符合文章的意思。很多同学在找到关键句之后，总是“我以为…”“我认为…”可是，这些认为，并不符合文章的意思，这也是导致大部分同学做题出错的罪魁祸首之一。其次，不符合题干，并不仅仅指同学们自己想的部分，还包括大家自己做题的时候偷换概念。

让我们举官方真题Official20当中的一道题进行说明，这道题非常有代表性：

Q6 According to paragraph 3, what was the significance of the land law passed in 1820?

A It granted government-supported loans to farmers.

B It provided farmland at an affordable price.

C It required banks to offer loans to farmers.

D It enabled farmers to sell their land for a profit.

大多数同学都能够通过1820这个年代找到原文中相关的描写部分：In 1820 under a new land law, a farm could be bought for 100. The continued proliferation of banks made it easier for those without cash to negotiate loans in paper money. (在1820年，通过了一个新的土地法案，一个农场用100美元就能够买下。)这句话的意思非常简单，但是为什么还是有这么多同学会选错呢? 原因就是因为他们所关注的是法案的内容，而不是题目中所问的法案的重要性。这就是我们所说的，大家自己在偷换概念。此时，需要大家再次看清审题。因此建议同学们应采纳的做题顺序为：读题目找关键词---读句子---再次读题---选出正确选项。这样做的好处是既让大家看清楚题目，又能快而准确的解题。有时候因为题目没有读仔细，我们会出现重复看文段的现象，这样就降低了做题速度。不重复地去读文段，是解决托福阅读做题速度慢的最佳方法。

托福阅读社会话题解析

近日，人社部就社会保险关系转续及医药卫生体制改革等问题集中答复网友时明确表示，相应推迟退休年龄已是一种必然趋势，该部将适时提出弹性延迟领取基本养老金年龄的政策建议。

请看中国日报网报道：

A Chinese government agency has revealed that it will propose a more flexible pension system to central authorities at an appropriate time to keep a balance between employment and expected shortfall in retirement payments.

人社部透露将适时向中央提出更灵活的弹性退休金制度，在促进就业和减少养老金支付压力之间取得平衡。

上面报道中的flexible pension system就是“弹性退休金制度”，即在政府规定的退休年龄段区间内，员工可以根据自身情况在这个年龄段选择合适的时间点办理退休手续，领取pension(养老金)。因为养老保险缴纳的时间越长，缴纳的资金越多，退休的时候领取的退休金就越高，所以很多人都选择delay retirement(延迟退休)。与之相对的“提前退休”是early retirement。

我国从90年代开始施行统账结合的养老保险制度，即养老保险由social pooling(社会统筹)和individual pension account(个人账户)两部分组成。弹性退休金制度就是为了应对population aging(老龄化)危机以及个人账户deficit(空帐)压力。对于弹性退休制，有人担忧会使“体制内乐了,体制外哭了”，因为我国目前执行的是dual pension scheme(退休金双轨制)，公务员、事业单位人员的退休金和企业退休人员的退休金差距很大。