BEC剑桥商务英语中级真题

No boss likes nasty surprises. Thinking you can solve a serious problem before he or she finds out is a doomed strategy. Much better to inform your boss about the situation early on, together with your suggested solution. Also, remember that bosses like praise as much as any employee. Do this without making it obvious, if only to earn the right to criticise (constructively, of course). 'Consideration' is the key word. Treat bosses as you hope to be treated - it should help you to move up to the next level.

The Director

Of course there are all the formal things in managing your boss - ensuring that you come to meetings well prepared, that you have a good eye for detail, and so on. But you also need to distinguish effectively between things that are important and things that are merely small details. Bosses like it if you can see 'the big picture' because they want to be able to delegate. So it's all about psychology, as well as performance.

The Chairman

Bosses want people to understand their objectives, their way of working and the pressures they are under. If you can understand what sort of individual your boss is, it is easier to appreciate why certain reactions might arise, and thus avoid problems. Also, keep the lines of communication with your boss open. You need to receive ongoing feedback on whether your work is effective, asking about what you do not understand, and, if necessary, discussing personal issues from outside the workplace. When the gap between you is reduced, so are the difficulties.

The Chief Executive

Understand that a boss will want to take the glory when things go well. After all, they take ultimate responsibility, so they deserve some of the credit. Also, find out about your boss's outside interests, as this can help to improve the relationship. You may find you have an interest in common. Similarly, recognise that everyone is human, and there are times when a request from you may be unwelcome. Get to know your boss's Personal Assistant, who can advise you when it is a good time to talk to him or her.

《Manage your boss》，管理你的老板，文章是四个业内人士就如何与老板相处给出了自己的意见，哪些应该做的，哪些不应该做的，是一门技巧，更是一门学问。

第一题，听你的老板告诉你工作得怎么样。答案是C段的这么一句：You need to receive ongoing feedback on whether your work is effective。你需要接受关于你的工作是否有效率的持续反馈。这一段是在讲要和老板保持沟通，否则两人之间有隔阂的话，麻烦就来了。How well you are working也就是whether your work is effective。

第二题，认识到你的老板有时候也需要独处。答案在D段最后一句，但是比较隐晦，需要理解：recognise that everyone is human, and there are times when a request from you may be unwelcome. Get to know your boss's Personal Assistant, who can advise you when it is a good time to talk to him or her.认识到大家都是人，有时你的要求可能并不受欢迎。想办法去认识老板的个人助理，他可以给你建议什么时候找老板谈话合适。

找老板谈话要选择合适的时机，也就是说有的时候老板也不想被人打扰。这也就是第二题所说的老板有的时候也需要独处。

第三题，用一种积极的精神评价老板的工作。答案是A段的这么一句：remember that bosses like praise as much as any employee.记住老板也和员工一样喜欢赞扬。praise也就是comment in a positive spirit。

第四题，试图用你的周全来给老板留下印象。Thoroughness的意思是周全，看朗文词典对thorough的解释：including every possible detail。但看中文“彻底的”不容易理解。所以答案是ensuring that you come to meetings well prepared, that you have a good eye for detail, and so on.确保你开会时已准备充分，你有一双发现细节的好的双眼，等等。You have a good eye for detail可以对应于including every possible detail。

第五题，如果对工作有困难不要迟疑告诉你的老板。答案是A段的第一句：No boss likes nasty surprises. Thinking you can solve a serious problem before he or she finds out is a doomed strategy. Much better to inform your boss about the situation early on, together with your suggested solution.没有人喜欢恶心人的惊喜。想想你自己可以解决一个重要的问题结果他却发现是一个注定失败的策略。最好在事情刚开始的时候通知你的老板，以及你提议的解决办法。

第六题，表现给你的老板你能在一个更高的水平上工作。答案在B段：Bosses like it if you can see 'the big picture' because they want to be able to delegate.。如果你能看到大的“图景”老板会喜欢的，因为他们也需要委派任务。这个句子前面说要能区别重要的事情和旁枝末节。能够看到“大的图景”是需要眼界和决断力的，因此这里的see ‘the big picture’可以对应于题干中的working at a higher level。

第七题，同你的老板交谈，即便是并不直接与工作相关的事情。答案是C段这么一句：if necessary, discussing personal issues from outside the workplace.如果有必要的话，讨论工作外的私事。整个C段都是讲同老板沟通的重要性，最关键的一句是keep the lines of communication with your boss open。有的时候并不需要直接在原文中找到和题干相同意思的句子，凭借每一段的中心意思就可以做出来。这里的personal issues也就是matters not directly related to your work.

BEC真题二

Personal Assistant of the Year

0 Anne-Marie Garrard was shocked when it was announced that she had won the

00 Personal Assistant of the Year award. ‘The other candidates seemed me

34 to be very strong, and I have to say I found that the selection procedure really

35 hard,' she says. 'I didn't think I had any chance of winning. When I heard my

36 name, my legs were so weak I could only hardly stand up,' she laughs. So

37 how is 'the best' personal assistant chosen from a group of so extremely good

38 and very different individuals? The final decision was reached after a

39 day-long session of the tests, interviews and exercises. Garrard believes

40 the skills she uses in her job helped her how to perform well. For instance, although

41 most of her work is for her company's Managing Director, she works for six bosses

42 in all, so she always tries out to be prepared for anything that might happen.

43 As for the future, her firm has closed for its summer break now; as soon as

44 they will open again, there is a pay rise waiting for her. But Garrard is not

45 going to be relax. She says, 'There's always room for personal development.You must keep trying to improve.

这篇文章讲的是一个女生获得个人助理奖后的情况。表达了一下激动了心情并且展望了未来。

34题，find后面直接可以接复合结构，例如find the story very interesting。如果是find that的话，that后面要接从句。所以这里that多余。

35题，正确的

36题，从意思上理解，说的是由于激动差点都站不起来，I could hardly stand up。Only多余。

37题，extremely是副词，直接用来修饰good，so在这里多余。

38题，正确的

39题，tests, interviews and exercises并不是特指，不需要用the。

40题，help sb.to do sth.固定词组，how多余

41题，正确的

42题，try out是试验，考验的意思，后面一般接for，这里应该直接用tries to be表示尝试。

43题，正确的

44题，as soon as，一…..就，后面从句通常用一般现在时表示将来时，所以will多余。

45题，be going to后面直接接动词，表示将来的动作，如果有be的话后面接形容词。relax是动词，所以be多余。

BEC真题三

Planning

In any planning system, from the simplest budgeting to the most complex corporate planning, there is an annual process. This is partly due to the fact that firms (19).......their accounting on a yearly (20)......., but also because similar (21)....... often occur in the market.

Usually, the larger the firm, the longer the planning takes. But typically, planning for next year may start nine months or more in advance, with various stages of evaluation leading to (22)....... of the complete plan three months before the start of the year.

Planning continues, however, throughout the year, since managers (23) ....... progress against targets, while looking forward to the next year. What is happening now will (24)....... the objectives and plans for the future.

In today's business climate, as markets constantly change and become more difficult to (25)....... , some analysts believe that long-term planning is pointless. In some markets they may be right, as long as companies can build the sort of flexibility into their (26).......which allows them to (27).......to any sudden changes.

Most firms, however, need to plan more than one year ahead in order to (28).......their long-term goals. This may reflect the time it takes to commission and build a new production plant, or, in marketing (29)....... , it may be a question of how long it takes to research and launch a range of new products, and reach a certain (30)....... in the market. If, for example, it is going to take five years for a particular airline to become the (31)....... choice amongst business travellers on certain routes, the airline must plan for the various (32)....... involved.

Every one-year plan, therefore, must be (33)....... in relation to longer-term plans,and it should contain die stages that are necessary to achieve the final goals.

19 A make up B carry out C bring about D put down

20 A basis B grounds C foundation D structure

21 A distributions B guides C designs D patterns

22 A approval B permission C consent D decision

23 A value B inspect C review D survey

24 A command B prompt C influence D persuade

25 A guess B speculate C reckon D predict

26 A operations B techniques C measures D exercises

27 A answer B respond C counter D reply

28 A move B lead C develop D benefit

29 A expressions B descriptions C words D terms

30 A reputation B position C situation D influence

31 A desired B selected C preferred D supposed

32 A acts B steps C means D points

33 A handed over B drawn up C made out D written off

这篇文章是关于公司计划的(planning)，做计划时的过程和需要考虑的一些因素。

全文的第一句话说公司做的决定是一个年度过程(annual process)。接下来谈到原因。19题，make up是组成、捏造、化妆的意思，用在这里和accounting搭配不上;carry out是执行(to do something that needs to be organized and planned);bring about 是带来，使发生(to make something happen);put down 放下，镇压。从意思上看，应该选B，carry out。

事实上，carry out accounting on …..basis是金融英语里专业且地道的说法。最常见的一种是carry out accounting on the accrual basis 执行权责发生制。相应的，20题选basis，公司时在一年的基础上执行会计准则的。

21题，这里需要理解上下文的含义。这一整句话仍然是在说明公司进行planning的原因。正是因为相似的模式会在市场上出现，所以公司才需要进行计划。选patterns是最符合原义的。

22题，很明显，这里填入的词是表示批准、通过之类的，是指年前三个月完整的计划就会被通过。从中文意思上看，A、B、C三个词都是符合的。具体看英文解释对几个词的用法进行区分。

approval：when a plan, decision, or person is officially accepted批准，正式的

eg:The president has already given his approval to the plan.

permission：when someone is officially allowed to do something允许，也是正式的

eg:You must ask permission before taking any photographs inside the church.

consent：permission to do something不那么正式的允许

eg:He took the car without the owner's consent.

这一题是讲的计划被批准或者通过，所以用approval。

23题，这里的前后文的意思是计划贯穿全年始终，所以经理们需要回顾过去，展望未来。后面的looking forward to是个答案信号，相对应的前面应该选review，根据目标回顾过程。

24题比较简单，理解了句子含义不难做出选择。现在发生的事情将会影响未来的目标和计划。选influence。

25题，从这个句子来看，填入的词是应该可以直接和market搭配的。Predict the market是商英里地道常见的用法，市场预测。

26题，往他们的操作中增加一点灵活性，这样可以对突然发生的变化做出反应。

Operation: the work or activities done by a business or organization, or the process of doing this work.

27题，respond to 对…..做出反应。

28题，为了开发公司的长期目标，需要一年以上的时间来计划。从意思和用法上，只能选择develop。

29题，in market terms 用市场术语来说。固定用法。

30题，position in the market，市场上的地位。前面已经暗示了这里要用市场术语来表述，position in the market就是固定表达

(positioning is that exclusive space your brand owns in the marketplace. It's relevant and compelling to your customers, and different from your competitors.)

31题，只需要理解preferred的意思：首选的

32题，想让这个航空公司成为特定路线上商务旅客的首选，必须先计划好相关的步骤。按步骤来拟定计划，最后才能成功，所以选step。

33题，需要理解四个词组的含义。

hand over: to give something to someone with your hand, especially because they have asked for it or should have it.交出

draw up: to prepare a written document, such as a list or contract起草

(draw up plans/proposal)

e.g: He was asked to draw up proposals for reforming the law

make out:

to be just able to see or hear something 看见或听见

to understand something, especially the reason why something has happened理解

write off:

to write a letter to a company or organization asking them to send you goods or information写信寄出

to decide that someone or something is useless, unimportant, or a failure 注销

to officially say that a debt no longer has to be paid, or officially accept that you cannot get back money you have spent or lost 勾销

BEC真题四

Trouble with Teamwork

Mary Owen examines the role and efficiency of teams

Recruiters say that candidates who can give examples of work they have done as members of a successful team are in as strong a position as those who can point to significant individual achievement. Indeed, too much of the latter may suggest that the person concerned is not a 'team player' - one of the more serious failings in the book of management.

The importance of being a team player is a side effect of the increasing interaction across departments and functional divides. Instead of pushing reports, paperwork and decisions around the organisation, 'teams provide a dynamic meeting place where ideas can be shared and expertise more carefully targeted at important business issues,' says Steve Gardner, in his book Key Management Concepts. He adds, 'Globalisation has added a further dimension to teamwork. Multinational teams now study policy decisions in the light of their impact on the local market.'

But is teamworking being overdone? 'Some managers are on as many as seven or eight different teams', says Dr Cathy Bandy, a psychologist who recently ran a conference on the subject. 'They take up so much time that managers can't get on with core tasks.' Forming teams and having meetings has, she says, become an end in itself, almost regardless of purpose. There is also the danger of an unhealthy desire to keep the team going after the work has been done. 'People feel the need to belong, and team membership can provide a kind of psychological support.'

The idea behind teamworking is that, when the right group of people is brought together, a 'force' develops which is greater than the sum of their individual talents. This is often true in sport, where good players can reach unexpected heights as members of an international team. However,few business situations have as clear a set of objectives, or as clear criteria of success or failure, as winning a match.

'In business, everyone needs to be clear about what the challenge is and whether a team is the right way of approaching it', says Steve Gardner. 'Unfortunately, people focus instead on who the members of the team should be and what roles they are to play' Dr Bandy agrees. 'There is always a danger that teams can turn into committees,' she says. 'In a lot of situations, one or two individuals would be much more effective.'

So what makes a successful team? There are some general qualities that have been identified. Steve Gardnerrecommends that in every team there should be someone who is good at researching ideas and another who is good at shooting down impractical ones. There should be those who can resolve the tensions that naturally occur in a team and others who are focused on getting the job done. Also, providing a clear and achievable target at the outset is the best way of ensuring that the team will move on to greater things.

13 What point does the writer make about teamworking at the beginning of the article?

A It is the most successful form of management.

B It has changed the recruitment procedure in companies.

C Well-run teams still allow individuals to demonstrate their talents.

D Being a team player is now considered an essential management skill.

14 According to the article, teamwork developed within companies as a response to

A modern office design.

B changing work practices.

C a reduction in administrative tasks.

D the expansion of international business.

15 In the third paragraph, Dr Bandy suggests that

A many employees do not enjoy working in teams.

B some managers are not very effective team leaders.

C some teams are created unnecessarily.

D few teams are well organised.

16 According to the writer, teamwork is more effective in the field of sport because the players

A know what they want to achieve.

B are more competitive by nature.

C have more individual talent.

D can be driven by national pride.

17 Steve Gardner and Dr Bandy agree that when a business team is created people do not pay enough attention to

A the structure of the team.

B alternatives to the team.

C selecting the team members.

D directing the team's activities.

18 What is Steve Gardner's advice on operating a successful team?

A Maintain a flexible approach to membership.

B Allow personalities to develop within the team.

C Select people who fit naturally into certain roles.

D Make every effort to avoid conflict between members.

《Trouble with Teamwork》，团队合作的麻烦。文章讲了团队的重要性和很多团队存在的问题，以及怎么样才能打造一个成功有效的团队。

第十三题，问文章开头作者针对团队合作做了什么论点。第一段是强调团队合作的重要性，太多的个人成果会显得这个人不是个合格的团队成员。选答案要理解第一句话的含义：Recruiters say that candidates who can give examples of work they have done as members of a successful team are in as strong a position as those who can point to significant individual achievement.招聘者说能够给出自己作为一个成功团队成员的例子的候选人同那些指出重要的个人成果的人具有同样重要的地位。言下之意，拥有团队成员的经历也很重要。所以选D，作为一个团队成员如今被视为必要的管理技巧。A、B、C都没有提到。

第十四题，问公司内部的团队合作是作为对什么的回应。也就是问团队合作的目的是什么，答案是第二段的这么一句：'teams provide a dynamic meeting place where ideas can be shared and expertise more carefully targeted at important business issues 团队提供了一个动态的会议场所，使得思想可以分享，技能可以更加仔细的对准重要的商业问题。这句里的dynamic meeting place可以对应于B段的changing work practice。

第十五题，问在第三段Dr Bandy暗示什么。答案是她的一句原话：Forming teams and having meetings has, she says, become an end in itself, almost regardless of purpose.形成团队然后开会成了它本身的终点，几乎不管目的是什么。也就是说很多团队的建立是没有意义的，多余的。选C，一些团队被不必要的创建了。

第十六题，问作者认为团队合作在体育领域里更有效的原因是什么。第四段讲当一群正确的人被组合到一起时会产生一种高于这些人个人能力的力量，在体育比赛里就是如此。这一题的答案是第四段的最后一句：few business situations have as clear a set of objectives, or as clear criteria of success or failure, as winning a match.。很少有企业能像赢得一场比赛一样有一系列清晰的目标，或者是对成功或失败有清晰的评判准则。也就是A选项所说的：知道他们想要实现什么。what they want to achieve可以对应于a set of objectives。

第十七题，问这两个人同意当一个商业团队被创立时人们没有把注意力放在什么上面。这一题要理解第五段的意思。第一句说In business, everyone needs to be clear about what the challenge is and whether a team is the right way of approaching it。在企业，每个人都必须很清楚挑战是什么以及团队是否是实现它的最好的办法。考虑团队是不是最好的办法，也就是说要考虑其他可能的途径，即B选项所说的团队的替代品(alternatives to the team)，后面有句focus instead….人们却把注意力放在了其他的地方。从这些可以看出答案是B。

第十八题，问关于运作一个成功团队Steve Gardner的建议是什么。这题的答案是对最后一段的概括。答案是最后一段第三句recommend后面的一长串there…who，要有不同的人胜任不同的角色。归纳起来，就是各司其职选C：选择能够自然融洽的胜任某个角色的人。其他几个选项都没提到。

第二段有个地方值得解释下。Globalisation has added a further dimension to teamwork。

这里的dimension用法比较特别，表示方面，特征，并且是很地道常见的说法

牛津词典的解释：an aspect or feature of a situation, problem, or thing。

麦克米兰的解释：a part of a situation, especially when it influences the way you think about the situation。

e.g: Doing volunteer work has added a whole new dimension to my life.

常见搭配：an extra/added/additional/further dimension

BEC真题五

《SELL,SELL,SELL》

Last year over ￡ 13bn was spent on advertising in the UK and research indicates that most people will have seen 2m sales messages by the time they are 30. Advertising is big business and often acts as the interface between commerce and culture. While there are many adverts that just irritate, there are some that are miniature works of art. (0)... .The advertisers themselves believe they are delivering an important message because they are protecting and promoting a client's brand and extending greater choice to the consumer. (8).........Instead of being free, many TV channels would only be available on subscription packages of about ￡500 per month and newspapers might cost six times more than their present cover price.

There are many different models of advertising practice, but no one is precisely sure what makes a good advert. (9).........While some try to get you to buy a product, others, such as anti-smoking campaigns, aim to get you not to do something. Some adverts are not aimed at consumers at all, but at retailers, shareholders or employees. For example, manufacturers often advertise their products in trade magazines to reassure retailers that a new brand will be widely promoted. Petrol companies often choose to emphasise how environmentally friendly they are; this is to offset any negative public perceptions of the industry rather than to persuade consumers to buy an individual brand of petrol. (10).........This is because petrol is regarded, in advertising terms, as a distress purchase. We get it because we can't do without it, not because we really want it. In general, however, the main aim of advertising is to attribute emotional qualities to a product in order to create an individual brand that the consumer can associate with.

Working out whether an advert has been successful is extremely difficult.(11).........For example, what persuaded them to buy a car? You cannot be sure whether it was the advertising, the price, the opposition's distribution, changes in the law or changes in consumer attitudes that was the determining factor. What advertising can't do is make consumers buy something they don't want. It can perhaps persuade you to try something once, but if you don't like what you get, you won't try it again.(12).........In other words, where there is no emotional engagement, such as a consumer's feelings about a bag of peas, beliefs are much harder to shift.

A Moreover, it is almost impossible to get people to change the way they view things they are indifferent to.

B Over the last ten years, other forms of advertising, such as direct marketing, have become increasingly popular as well as scientific.

C They don't, as the industry well knows, care enough to be brand loyal to such a product.

D Whether you accept this argument or not, you have to recognise that without advertising our world would be very different.

E The problem lies in isolating precisely what motivates people to behave in a particular way.

FThis is partly because not all advertisements are designed to do the same thing.

G The production costs involved in these can reach higher figures than those for the average movie.

《Sell,Sell,Sell》，听名字像是跟销售有关，其实是关于广告的。广告的最终目的就是提升销售。第一段是总体讲述广告业的情况以及广告的作用。第二段介绍了广告的几种形式，不同的公司对广告的要求是不一样的。第三段讲怎么样才能打好广告，一不小心就容易让观众产生逆反心理。

第八题，这一空的前后都是在讲广告的作用。前面说做广告的人认为他们是在传递一种重要的信息，因为他们保护并且提升了客户的品牌同时又给消费者提供了更多的选择。后面说要是没有广告的话，很多电视节目就不会免费，而且报纸会比现在贵六倍。从前后的信息可以看出这里是在讲广告的重要性，广告是必不可少的。D选项可以和这里的前后内容相吻合：不管你接不接受这个论断，你都得承认没了广告世界将大不一样。this argument是指前面广告商的那段话，而very different就是引出后面的电视不免费、报纸涨价等等。

第九题，这一段是讲广告的不同模式。第一句话就说广告有很多模式，但是没有人能够精确的确定什么才是好的广告。紧接着后面说了不同的广告有不同的目的和侧重点。从while some…的句式可以看出这里是扩展说明的，那么F空应该接一个过渡的句子，表示不同的公司对广告有不同的需求。选项F符合这一特点：这部分是因为不是所有的广告都被设计成干相同的事情。也就是说不同的广告会满足不同的需求。This是指代前面的no one is precisely sure。空格后面的扩展说明可以对应于do the same thing。

第十题，这一空前面是以汽油公司为例，说明这些公司的广告并不怎么强调个人品牌，他们更加看重的是整个大环境的友好。后面也是具体解释这一现象的原因。所以相应的第十空也是填入一个过渡句，前面的rather than to persuade consumers to buy an individual brand of petrol是一个暗示，这一空应该填入C：他们并没有像这个行业所熟知的那样看重对这种产品的品牌忠诚度。Brand loyal也就是buy an individual brand of petrol

第十一题，最后一段讲什么样的广告才能算是成功的。第一句就说评判很困难。11题空格后面是举例说明。what persuaded them to buy a car是一个关键的句子。因为没有办法判断到底是什么最终说服消费者购买，所以很难评判一个广告是否成功。11题选E，motivate是关键词，可以对应最后一段反复出现的persuade。

E选项的句子值得分析理解：The problem lies in isolating precisely what motivates people to behave in a particular way.

Isolating在这里不是形容词，孤立的，而是动词的分词形式，isolate此处的用法是：if you isolate an idea, problem etc, you consider it separately from other things that are connected with it。(isolate something from something)将…剔出(以便看清和单独处理)。

所以这个句子的含义就是问题在于准确的将人们某种行为的动机给剔除出来。

第十二题，这一空的前后都是在说客户对产品喜好的重要性。前面说if you don't like what you get, you won't try it again，后面说where there is no emotional engagement, beliefs are much harder to shift.。没有感情依赖的话，观念很难被转变。从前后内容来看，A选项最适合填入：另外，让人转变对他们不感兴趣的事情的看法几乎是一件不可能的事情。Change the way对应于shift，indifferent to对应 there is no emotional engagement.

BEC剑桥商务英语中级真题

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