小学英语语法知识总结

am，is-was， are-were， do-did， see-saw， say-said， give-gave， get-got， go-went， come-came， have-had， eat-ate， take-took， run-ran， sing-sang， put-put， make-made， read-read， write-wrote， draw-drew， drink-drank， swim-swam， sit-sat

小学英语语法知识总结2

动词加ing的变化规则

1.一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking

2.以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting

3.如果末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping

现在进行时，用来表示正在进行或发生的动作。结构是：be (am, is, are)+动词现在分词形式，几种句型：

一、陈述句(肯定句)

主语+be　(am, is, are)+现在分词，如：

I am reading English.我正在读英语。

He is writing.他正在写字。　You are running.你正在跑步。

二、一般疑问句

Be(Am, Is, Are)+主语+现在分词，　如：

1. -Are you singing?你正在唱歌吗?　-Yes, I am.是的，我在唱歌。

(No, I'm not.不，我不在唱歌。)

2. -Is he (she) listening to music?他(她)在听音乐吗?

-Yes, he (she) is.是的，他(她)在听音乐。

[No, he (she) isn't.不，他(她)不在听音乐。]

三、特殊疑问句

疑问词+be (am, is, are)+主语+现在分词，如：

1. -What are you doing?你正在干什么?

-I am doing my homework.我正在做作业。

2. -What is he (she) doing?他(她)正在干什么?

-He (She) is riding a bike.他(她)正在骑自行车。

与现在进行时连用的词：look(看)、listen(听)、now(现在)，

Look! Jack is swimming.看!杰克正在游泳。

Listen! She is singing.听!她正在唱歌。

I am cleaning my room now.现在我正在打扫房间。

小学英语语法知识总结3

一般现在时的功能

1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。

2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。

3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。

一般现在时的构成

1. be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。

2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：

We study English.我们学习英语。

当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。

一般现在时的变化

1. be动词的变化。

否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。

如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。

一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。

如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.

特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?

2.行为动词的变化。

否定句：主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：

I don't like bread.

当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。如：

He doesn't often play.

一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如：

- Do you often play football?

- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.

当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：

Does she go to work by bike?

- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.

特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work?

小结：

通常用时间状语 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。

肯定句：

I go to school on foot every day.

She goes to school on foot every day.

一般疑问句:

Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.

Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.

否定句： We don’t go to school on Sundays.

My mother doesn’t like watching TV in the evening.

小学英语语法知识总结4

形容词的比较级

1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little 来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。

2.形容词加er的规则：

⑴一般在词尾加er ;如：tall-taller

⑵以字母e 结尾，加r ;fine- finer

⑶以辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾(除ow结尾)，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er ;如：big-bigger

⑷以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er 。如;happy- happier

(5)两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加more 如：beautiful-more beautiful

3.不规则形容词比较级：

Good/well-better， bad/ill – worse , much /many –more , little –less, few – fewer , far –further

宾语

宾语一般用在及物动词的后面，表示行为动词所涉及的对象。

一、名词作宾语

Show your passport, please.

请出示护照。

二、代词作宾语

He didn't say anything.

他什么也没说。

三、数词作宾语

How many do you want? - I want two.

你要几个?- 我要两个。

四、名词化的形容词作宾语

They sent the injured to hospital.

他们把伤员送到医院。

五、不定式或ing形式作宾语

They asked to see my passport.

他们要求看我的护照。

I enjoy working with you.

我和你们一道工作很愉快。

六、从句作宾语

Did you write down what he said?

你把他的话记下了没有?

小学英语语法知识总结5

系动词亦称联系动词，作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟

表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

说明：

有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语，例如：

He fell ill yesterday.

他昨天病了。

He fell off the ladder.

他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词，单独作谓语。

1)状态系动词

用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：

He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。

2)持续系动词

用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie,

stand, 例如：

He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。

This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。

3)表像系动词

用来表示;看起来像;这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：

He looks tired. 他看起来很累。

He seems very sad. 他看起来很伤心。

4)感官系动词

感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：

This kind of cloth feels very soft.

这种布手感很软。

This flower smells very sweet.

这朵花闻起来很香。

5)变化系动词

这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get,

go, come, run.

例如：

He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。

She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。

6)终止系动词

表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, trun out, 表达;证实;，;变成;之意，例如：

The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。

The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。

His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。

小学英语语法知识总结6

1.人称代词

主格： I we you she he it they

宾格： me us you her him it them

形容词性物主代词：my our your her his its their

名词性物主代词： mine ours yours hers his its theirs

2.形容词和副词的比较级

(1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er older taller longer stronger, etc

(2) 多音节词前+more more interesting, etc.

(3) 双写最后一个字母，再+er bigger fatter, etc.

(4) 把y变i，再+er heavier, earlier

(5) 不规则变化： well-better, much/many-more, etc.

3.可数词的复数形式

Most nouns + s a book –books

Nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories

Nouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches

Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes

Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves

4.不可数名词(单复数形式不变)

bread, rice, water ,juice etc.

5. 缩略形式

I’m = I am

you’re = you are

she’s = she is

he’s = he is

it’s = it is

who’s =who is

can’t =can not

isn’t=is not etc

6. a/an

a book,

a peach

an egg

an hour

7. Preposition:

on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.

表示时间： at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast

on Monday on 15th July On National Day in the evening in December in winter

8. 基数词和序数词

one – first two-second twenty-twentieth

9. Some /any I have some toys in my bedroom.

Do you have any brothers or sisters?

10. be 动词

(1) Basic form: am/are/is

(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.

My eyes are(not) small.

My hair is(not) long.

(3)一般疑问句： Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.

Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.

Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.

11. there be 结构肯定句：

There is a … There are …

一般疑问句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t. Are there…?

Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.

否定句： There isn’t …. There aren’t….

12. 祈使句 Sit down please Don’t sit down, please.

13. 现在进行时.通常用“now”. 形式：

be + verb +ing eg: I am(not) doing my homework.

You/We/They are(not) reading.

He/She/It is(not) eating.

动词 —ing 的形式

Most verbs +ing walk—walking

Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming

Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant

run –running swim—swimming

14 一般现在时。

通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。

肯定句： I go to school on foot every day. She goes to school on foot every day.

一般疑问句: Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.

否定句： We don’t go to school on Sundays. My mother doesn’t like watching TV in the evening.

15. (情态)动词can,must, should 后面直接用动词原形。

eg: 1. I / He / She / They can sing.

2.You should keep quiet in the library.

16. 一般过去时态

(a) be 动词的过去式: I/He/she/it was(not)…. You/we/they were….

一般疑问句was, were 放在句首。

(b) 动词过去式：

肯定句： I watched cartoons. She visited the zoo.

一般疑问句： Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t. Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, she didn’t. 否定句： They didn’t go the the part yesterday. He didn’t make model ships last week.

(3)动词过去式的变化：

规则动词的变化：

Most verbs +ed eg. planted,watered,climbed。

Verbs ending in e +d eg liked。

Verbs ending in a consonant +y --y +ied

eg : study—studied Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant

eg: stop --stopped

不规则动词的变化：

is/am—was,

are—were,

do—did,

have/has—had,