GRE写作：3个复习方法
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GRE写作：3个复习方法
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GRE写作：3个复习方法
1.题库的"十字坐标定位法"
对于任何一道issue题来说，都可以根据它的出题方式和题材进行分类。而目前的issue题库，按出题方式分类不外乎五大类(因果类，建议类，比较类，偏激类，复合类);按照题材分为七大类(教育，媒体，科技，主观客观，个体集体，艺术，社会政治)。任何一道issue题，按照出题方式分类，可以帮助我们迅速破题，按照每种类型固定的破题思路对题目进行解构，这样一来，写作提纲就可以很快完成了;按照题材分类，可以帮助我们迅速在已有的素材库中选择合适的例子作为论据，对题目进行进一步阐释。这就象在一个坐标轴上，横轴为出题方式分类，纵轴为题材分类，拿到任意一道题，只要我们迅速判断这道题属于哪种出题方式和题材，就可以在坐标轴上定位到一点。只要找到了这一点，该题的写作提纲，以及写作素材便可以立刻得到。那么，一篇issue作文也就只是把写作提纲和素材结合在一起的过程。这样，写作也就变得相当容易了。
下面我们以一道题为例：
In order to improve the quality of instruction at the college and university level, all faculty should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach.
分析：这道题按出题方式分类属于建议类(关键判断词：In order to…, should …)，按照题材分类属于教育类。等等
这是根据建议类的破题思路，我们可以迅速给出该题的提纲：
分论点1：诚然有些专业强调与社会实践紧密联系，对于诸如会计学，新闻学，医学等专业来说，拥有在学术领域之外的相关工作经验对于教学有着直接的裨益。
Admittedly, there are certain majors that have close connections with the practical job fields. For majors such as Accounting, Journalism and Medicine, possessing job experience that could not be obtained otherwise would have direct and beneficial impacts on the teaching in the academic world.
分论点2：但是，工作经验并不一定能提高教师的教学质量。对于一些基础学科来说，教师更重要的是对于本学科长年、持之不懈的钻研。
Nevertheless, owning working experience does not necessarily lead to the booming of teaching qualities. As to those fundamental subjects such as Theoretical Mathematics, what's more important for the instructors is a long-time, unceasingly devotion to the academic researches.
分论点3：即使鼓励教师在教学领域以外从事一个相关工作，也并不一定保证教学水平就能得到显著发展了，过度的强调其它相关工作的重要性也可能会占据研究者太多的时间，甚至会对其本身的教学研究产生负面影响。
Researchers' undue emphasis on the importance of relevant real-life experience may be equivalent to too much time and effort consumed, which would delay, even hamper the academic pursuit and advancement they actually are obliged to devote to.
结尾或分论点4：除了工作经验以外，推动高校教学发展的因素还有很多，比如充足的教学经费，完备的教学条件，开放的学术气氛等。
Other than job experiences, there are numerous other factors that could enhance the academic development at a university level. These factors could be the abundance of academic funds, fully equipped facilities, open academic ambience and so on.
然后，我们在根据教育类所搜集到的素材，找出合适的例子。(如何找例子，将在下一个部分详细讲解。)
2.论据素材巧准备
对于绝大多数的考生，准备作文时最头疼的问题就是没有例子。虽然上了这么多年的学，脑子里的知识也不少，可以只要一举例子，就只有那么稀稀拉拉的几个"大路货"。一举科学家，大凡就是爱因斯坦，牛顿，居里夫人;一提到"失败是成功之母"，就只有爱迪生玩命地试灯泡了。可是，想要举出一个与众不同的例子，真的就这么难吗?
其实，如果你留心观察生活，就会发现，生活中到处都是好例子，遗憾的是，我们从来没有想过把它们变成写作的一部分。
那么该怎么去发现这些好例子呢?方法其实也很简单：
首先，你必须要很熟悉题库。很多老师对issue部分的题目都有分类，网上也有很多这方面的资料。其实不论是何种分类方法，你都必须要通过分类对整个244道题库有个全面的了解，知道ETS会考什么，不会考什么。
接下来，有了对题库的了解之后，这是你会发现，有些生活中看似无关的事情，突然变得有用了。这里，我就以一个八杆子打不着的"犀利哥"给大家做个示范。
犀利哥的背景大家都熟，这里就不多介绍了。可是他的事情怎么就能写到GRE作文里呢?
首先，犀利哥是一个普通的流浪人员，但是却一夜暴红，这和媒体的炒作不无关系。而我们的issue题库中，就有很多讨论媒体对公众影响的题目。这时，犀利哥就是个媒体影响很好的证明。
其次，犀利哥的出名也反映了当今社会对外表和时尚的狂热。人们完全无视他是个有精神障碍的病人，而只是因为他的穿着恰好符合当时的审美趋势而追捧他。这在讨论到issue33题"外表和内在那个更重要的时候"也非常适合。
当然，这个例子还可以用来讨论公众隐私(29, 161题)和快餐文化(107， 151， 215等题)中，这里就不多解释。
根据刚刚的分析，我们就很容易把犀利哥的例子，按照事件的积极消极意义，整理成下面的一些要点：
} Positive side：
1)Media's magic power to turn a nobody into somebody overnight
2)Media's role in bringing public attention to the misfortune and the helpless who may otherwise be neglected and discarded by the society
} Negative side:
1)The world's over-emphasis on the appearance, not on the inner-self. By turning a homeless to a fashion model, the story of Brother Xili is just an extreme case of many.
2)The frenetic pursuit of instant fame and interests by modern people dwarfs the most fundamental basis of human nature: love, equality, respect and compassion.
3)The world only cares about the "fashionable" photos of Brother Xili and flocks to Ningbo to see him in person. But no one really cares about him as a person, a man with mental disorder, a brother that needs our care and love, not relentless media exposure and disturbance.
经过这样一番思考之后，你会发现，在真正写作文时，你需要准备的案例的数量其实并不多，关键是，你能不能通过对例子深入的分析使一个例子可以同时解决许多道题目，达到"以一当十"的效果。
3.学会拿自己说事儿
当你实在找不到合适的素材时，有一个被美国考生屡试不爽，但却很少被中国同学尝试的方法，可以在最后考试的时候救你。那就是：学会把自己塑造成权威，拿自己的经历说事儿。这个杀手锏，在ETS给出的官方范文中屡见不鲜。例如一篇5分范文在讨论教师是否应该为学生设计课程的时候，作者写道：
As an elementary educator, I believe this stance is extremist. Educators and the public must come to a middle road….
接着在文章的第四段中，作者再一次提到了自己的经历：
In my profession as an elementary educator and as a parent, I value the abilities to read, write and be mathematically proficient….
不知道你有没有从这两句话中看出作者的伎俩呢?实际上，作者很有可能并不一定真是一个小学教育者和一个家长，但是，当他/她把自己塑造成这样的角色之后，就为自己赢得了强大的发言权。一下子，他/她的话变得非常有说服力。这个道理很简单：人们都倾向于相信，权威人士的意见更具有说服力。
所以，下次在你写作的时候，是不是也可以尝试着使用一下这种非常简单的小伎俩呢?举个例子：
我曾经有一个学生，在临考作文之前10天才来补课。刚开始我为他准备了很多的素材和例子，可是发现因为时间太紧，这些例子他根本记不住。万不得已，我问他：那你能告诉我你的专业是什么吗?他说：我学动画的。我一想：天哪，还有比这个专业更适合当万能例子的吗?
当讨论到教育类题目，比如通才教育专才教育哪个好时，他可以说：作为一个学习动画专业的学生，我们不仅需要掌握基本的美术技巧和电脑操作技能，还需要对许多其他领域有所涉猎，例如：心理学可以让我们更好的把握动画人物的性格和特点;市场学可以帮助我们更好的了解动漫顾客的需要;对于音乐制作的了解可以使我们更好的和其他音效部门合作。所以学生需要通才教育。
当讨论到媒体类题目，比如媒体对我们生活的影响的时候，他可以说：作为一个学习动画专业的学生，我经常为一些网络游戏设计角色和场景。这样的经历让我深刻地认识到网络媒体，特别是网络游戏对青少年的影响……。
当讨论到科技类题目时，很好，动画专业的发展与科技的提高密切相关，比如3D动画。
当讨论到艺术类题目时，比如艺术是不是旨在揭示隐而未现的理念和动力(131题)，他就可以继续说：作为一个学习动画专业的学生，我认为艺术除了揭示隐而未现的理念和动力外，还有其他的作用，比如为人们提供娱乐和休闲……
当讨论到社会政治类题目时，比如一个成功的人士所需具备的素质时，他可以没完没了地说：作为一个学习动画专业的学生，我们不仅需要有相当的专业技能，还需要有合作精神，沟通能力和领导能力，这些，都是成为一个成功的动画大师的必要素质……
这个清单当然我还可以继续列下去，这里只是想起到一个抛砖引玉的作用。希望你也可以从对自己的专业深入地挖掘中找到这样的角度，把自己的经历变得issue写作中不变的万能例子。
GRE写作满分范文赏析
"Our declining environment may bring the people of the world together as no politician, philosopher, or war ever could. Environmental problems are global in scope and respect no nation's boundaries. Therefore, people are faced with the choice of unity and cooperation on the one hand or disunity and a common tragedy on the other."
WORKING TOGETHER FOR EACH OTHER AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Our Environment, if we take care of it, it will take care of us. CFCs destroying the ozone layer, hundreds of acres of the rain forest being destroyed daily, smog-infested air to breathe, global warming, world population increasing at an exponential rate, these are but a few of the things that we need to not only think about, but find ways to deal with them. We are not given this world by our ancestors we are borrowing it from our children and our children's children. We spend so much time trying to fix other countries problems, when we should be incorporating them in working toward solving the environmental issues. If we do not this huge, living planet will eventually become a lifeless hunk of rock floating in the large universe.
There are many ways that we can begin to work on these problems. First decrease the amount of CFC production and usage. Second save the rain forests, which are being cut down to make farmland that is not properly maintained. In a few years this farmland becomes infertile and more land is needed; thus more of the rain forest is destroyed. Educating farmers on different crops that will replentish the soil and keep it fertile. Third develop alterative methods of power other than fossil fuels, such as more hydro-electric,solar,and wind generated. The increasing population is going to require more food production as well as other needs. We need to be willing and able to manage our resources to meet these needs. If we work together we can accomplish the things that are necessary to protect the Earth and our future on it. Comments:
This essay presents a clear position on the issue but is limited in its development. The author first argues that everyone needs to cooperate to solve environmental problems and then lists the ways in which "we can begin to work on these problems": lowering CFC's, saving rain forests, developing alternative energy sources, and increasing food production. Although the proposed solutions are clearly relevant, they are not sufficiently explained, nor is the topic's claim about the challenges of international cooperation adequately addressed.
The overall organizational plan is adequate: introduction, list of solutions ("First???? Second???? Third????"), and a conclusion. Within the paper, however, the ideas are not always organized logically. In the first paragraph, for example, the sentence about "our ancestors" is followed abruptly by the idea that we need to work with other nations. The writer could improve this response by clarifying the connection between ideas and by explaining these ideas in more depth.
Sentence-structure problems (run-on sentences, fragments, lack of parallelism) appear throughout the essay: "We are not given this world by our ancestors we are????" At times, the sentence structure is so awkward that the reader is somewhat confused about the writer's intended meaning: for example, "incorporating them in working."
GRE写作满分范文赏析
"Our declining environment may bring the people of the world together as no politician, philosopher, or war ever could. Environmental problems are global in scope and respect no nation's boundaries. Therefore, people are faced with the choice of unity and cooperation on the one hand or disunity and a common tragedy on the other."
Our declining environment may bring the people of the world together as no politician, philosopher, or war ever could. Environmental issues are a growing concern in our country today. It is an issue that concerns every person, no one is excluded.
Facing and solving environmental issues calls for unity and cooperation. Prejudices should be put aside in this time of need. Without unity our world as we know it will not exist in twenty-five years. People as a whole need to take action. Without unity and cooperation little will be accomplished.
There are many environmental issues we are facing today. For example, recycling is a simple and effective way to help the environment. If everyone did a small part the results would be enormous. Recycling is a good example because it is something every single person is capable of doing.
There are many ways people of any age, race, or sex can contribute to help the environment. Emissions testing for exhausts on automobiles is one way to help keep unnecessary pollutants from contaminating the air. Very few cities require emissions testing for automobiles. Columbus, for example, does not require emissions testing. My small hometown of Amherst, Ohio does require this test.
I believe the government needs to implement stricter regulations regarding environmental issues and also increase the funding that is allotted for it. Mandatory recycling laws with a stiff penalty for breaking the law is one solution. Funding for groups to do research is imperative. Without research there is very little we would know about anything including diseases and microorganisms.
People of the world need to understand the situation our generation and generations to come are faced with. This understanding needs to come from education. The United States has always been a forerunner in wars, peace talks, etc. It is now time for the United States to be the leader in solutions to environmental concerns. The greatest barrier in any situation is communication. If we communicate with each other and work together instead of apart results would be seen. Education is another great concern, especially in underdeveloped countries and third world nations. There is a lack of education in many of these countries. Education is the key to success.
In summary I would like to emphasize the importance in unity and cooperation on global concerns such as the environment. Also education is very important in making headway. I also believe the government should get more involved in these issues. Comments:
This paper presents and supports an adequate analysis of the issue. After stating the need for cooperation on the environment, the writer proposes several very specific remedies for environmental problems: recycling, emissions testing, research, education, and communication. The detailed description of emissions testing is useful; however, the other remedies (recycling, research, etc.) are not developed fully or persuasively.
In some areas the response suffers from needless repetition. Paragraph six, for example, moves from education to communication and back to education. The conclusion, moreover, adds little, merely repeating earlier statements.
The control of grammar and usage is generally competent, but the sentences tend to be choppy. Although most of the ideas are stated clearly, the relationship between the ideas is not always made clear: "Also education is very important in making headway. I also believe the government should get more involved in these issues."
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