托福阅读文章读完看不懂应对技巧讲解
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托福阅读文章读完看不懂应对技巧讲解
托福阅读文章读完看不懂应对技巧讲解 ,握逻辑信号词提升理解力。今天小编给大家带来托福阅读文章读完看不懂应对技巧讲解，希望可以帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
托福阅读文章读完看不懂应对技巧讲解 掌握逻辑信号词提升理解力
1.托福阅读逻辑信号词：同类信息
There has been an upsurge of interest in chamber music. Likewise opera is receiving a boost from increased record sales.
“likewise”这一信号词显示了前面所提到的idea后面还要再一次出现。因此，阅读时见到这样的信号词无须放慢阅读速度。这样的信号词还包括：
and, furthermore, more, than, that, also, likewise, moreover, in addition, what is more, for instance, for example
2.托福阅读逻辑信号词：转折关系
I'd like to go but I'm too busy.
“but”前后是完全不同的信息描述，它向读者显示了作者的思路在这里有了转折。阅读时，碰到这样的信号词我们需放慢阅读速度，以准确获取作者真正想要说明的意思。这类信号词还有：
although, however, on the contrary, but, in spite of, otherwise, despite, nevertheless, yet
3.托福阅读逻辑信号词：因果关系
As a result of the pilots'strike, all flights have had to be cancelled.
All flights have had to be cancelled as a result of the pilots'strike.
所有航班被取消的原因是因为飞行员们的罢工;飞行员们的罢工导致了所有的航班不得不被取消。显示因果关系的信号词还有：
for, thus, because, for this reason, so, therefore, as, since, consequently
4.托福阅读逻辑信号词：论述顺序
Internet speeds communication between companies, among co-workers through video-conferences, and among other individuals. First, media companies use the Internet for online news, or to broadcast audio and video, including live radio and television programs, while individuals use the Internet for communication, entertainment, finding information, buying and selling goods and services. Second,the notion of distance disappears thanks to the Internet. People also enjoy instant messaging to exchange text messages or pictures in real time, with real-time video and sound. Finally, scientists and scholars use the Internet to perform research, distribute lecture notes or course materials to students, they communicate with colleagues, and can also publish papers and articles.
抓住了这样的信号词就把握住了作者叙述的顺序，也就分清了相对独立的论据。这样的信号词包括：
first, second, third, and so on, then, after, before, next, last, afterward, finally
5.托福阅读逻辑信号词：提示结论
In conclusion, I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.
词组“in conclusion”前面所提到的一些信息将在这里被归纳总结。读到带有这样的信号词或短语的句子时，应格外留心注意，它们往往会向我们提示相关段落的核心信息。表示结论或总结的信号词和短语还有：
as a result, finally, therefore, accordingly, in short, thus, consequently, in conclusion, so, in brief, in a word
托福阅读长难句：食物产量增加
The increase in food production in these regions led to a significant growth in population, while efforts to control the flow of water to maximize the irrigation of cultivated areas and to protect the local inhabitants from hostile forces outside the community provoked the first steps toward cooperative activities on a large scale. (TPO33, 53)
inhabitant /ɪn'hæbɪtənt/ n. 居民，住户
hostile /'hɒstaɪl/ adj. 含敌意的，极不友好的;
provoke /prə'vəʊk/ vt. 激怒(某人);使(某事物)产生，引起
on a large scale 大规模
大家自己先读，不回读，看一遍是否能理解
The increase (in food production in these regions) led to a significant growth (in population),while efforts ( to control the flow of water to maximize the irrigation of cultivated areas) and (to protect the local inhabitants from hostile forces outside the community) provoked the first steps (toward cooperative activities on alarge scale.)(TPO33, 53)
分析：
这个句子的主干就是：
The increase led to a significant growth while efforts provoked the first steps.
修饰一：(in food production in these regions)，介词短语
中文：这些地区的事物产量
修饰二：(in population)，介词短语
中文：在人口方面
修饰三：(to control the flow of water to maximize the irrigation of cultivated areas)，非谓语动词，相当于形容词就是efforts
其中还有一个非谓语to maximize the irrigation of cultivated areas
中文：控制水流以最大化灌溉种植区
修饰四：(to protect the local inhabitants from hostile forces outside the community)，非谓语动词，相当于形容词就是efforts
其中还有介词短语from hostile forces outside the community
中文：保护当地居民免受部落外部敌对力量的侵略
修饰五：(toward cooperative activities on a large scale)，介词短语
中文：大规模合作活动
参考翻译：
这些地区食物产量的增加导致了人口的大量增长，然而，努力控制水流以最大化灌溉种植区以及努力保护当地居民免受部落外部敌对力量的侵略，这样的努力引发了大规模合作活动的第一步。
托福阅读长难句：政府如何形成
How the first governments took shape in these areas is not certain, but anthropologists studying the evolution of human communities in various parts of the world have discovered that one common stage in the process is the emergence of what are called “big men” within a single village or a collection of villages. (TPO33, 53)
anthropologist /ˌænθrə'pɒlədʒɪst/ n. 考古学家
分析：
这个句子主干是：
从句 is not certain, but anthropologists have discovered 从句
修饰一：(How the first governments took shape in these areas)，从句
中文：第一个政府在这些地区如何形成
修饰二：(studying the evolution of human communities)，非谓语动词，相当于形容词，修饰anthropologists
中文：研究人类群体进化
修饰三：(in various parts of the world)，介词短语，相当于形容词，修饰humancommunities
中文：在世界不同地区
修饰四：(that one common stage in the process is the emergence of what are called “big men” within a single village or a collection of villages.)，从句
在这个从句中，还有两个介词短语：
of what are called “big men” ，称之为“ big man”
within a single village or a collection ofvillages.在单个或一些村落中
中文：在这个过程中的一个共有阶段就是单个或一些村落中被称之为“ big man”的出现
参考翻译：
第一个政府在这些地区如何形成还无法确定，但研究世界不同地区人类群体进化的人类学家发现在这个过程中的一个共有阶段，就是单个或一些村落中被称之为“ big man”的出现。
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