详解雅思写作Task1常出现的两大问题
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详解雅思写作Task1常出现的两大问题
雅思写作Task1需要注意的主语问题
通常我们在Task 1会遇到很多变化类的图表题，例如表格，柱状，饼状图等。常常需要描述某数据的变化趋势，以及对比哪些不同，发表一下简单的预测等。我们可以看下面分析：
WRITING TASK 1 (剑9 Test 4 Task 1)
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The graph below gives information from a 2008 report about consumption of energy in the USA since 1980 with projections until 2030.
Summaries the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
通过上述的图表可以得知，Petrol and Oil这条线是能够很轻易的看得出他的变化趋势即整体上升，虽然在一开始这个数据是存在波动的。于是大多数考生就会写出下面的语句：
Petrol and oil increase from 1980 to 2030, despite initial fluctuations.
当我们看到这样的语句时，通常喜欢选择正确的谓语动词以及相应的趋势名词来进行描述其变化，但是关键问题是主语在描述数据变化趋势时，广大考生一定要擦亮眼睛，并不是所有的名词都能够作为变化趋势的主语，比如这道题目中上升或者波动的其实并不是汽油和石油，而是它们的消耗量。因此本句应该是这样的：
The consumption of petrol and oil increases from 1980 to 2030, despite initial fluctuations.
雅思写作Task1需要注意的谓语动词正确性的问题
因此我们在做雅思写作Task1的时候，除了要注意我们常规的语法问题，一定要切记我们的主语问题。这个是很关键的。对考题里面的时态没有进行详细了解，就直接开始使用时态。通常我们在描述变化趋势或者数据的升降的时候，一定要注重谓语动词的正确性。要根据考题里面提供的时态依据作为标准。
以下题为例：
WRITING TASK 1 (剑9 Test 2 Task 1)You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The chart below shows the total number of minutes (in billions) of telephone calls in the UK, divided into three categories, from 1995-2002.
Summaries the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
在描述local-fixed line的数据变化趋势时，一般的考生都能够看到该数据呈现先上升在下降的变化趋势，但是在具体书写时却往往容易忽视图表上的时间是从1995年到2002年，因此本来这里描述趋势的语句应该选用一般过去时。因此，他们会写出下面的语句：
The figure for local-fixed line increase from 1995 to 1999 before decreasing between 1999 and 2002.
可以看到在雅思写作Task1的时候，在描写变化趋势时，主语用的是很恰当的，可以谓语部分“increase”就出错了。没有考虑到图表的时间是发生在过去应该用“increase”的一般过去时的形式“increased”。所以上面的句子应该改为：
The figure for local-fixed line increased from 1995 to 1999 before decreasing between 1999 and 2002.
小作文提分丨如何做好雅思图表作文题目审题
雅思图表作文题目审题step 1：关注写作时态
时态是一个简单易错的语法点，之所以放到审题的第一步，就是我们发现在大家的写作过程中，时态不出错的寥寥无几。小作文做为数据说明文，首先强调的就是准确度，时态对于数据描述的准确性毋庸置疑，对于时态的处理要根据每个题目提供的时间信息灵活处理。
1)提供的时间为过去的时间，要用过去时
2)没有给出明确的时间信息，可以使用一般现在时
3)给出的时间有过去、现在、奖励啊，需要具体问题具体分析
雅思图表作文题目审题step 2：数据分类
对数据合理分类是考察数据分析能力的一个重要方面。在数据类图表的分析中，一道题目可以从多个角度进行分类，但是合理的分类标准往往从数据特征出发，比如按照数据的变化趋势或数据的高低来分类，有时也会按照题目的既定分类来组织。
雅思图表作文题目审题step 3：数据对比分析
对比是数据类作文中最核心的描述内容之一。下面简单给大家总结几点：
1. 从属连词对比数值 35% of British people went abroad, while/whereas/although 28% of Australians spent holidays in a different country.
2. 状语从句省略句式，不可写做comparing 35% of British people went abroad, compared to/with 28% of Australians.
3. 一句话排序句式Heating room accounts for the largest proportion of household energy use, followed by heating water (30%), and then other appliances (15%).
4. 数值相等：The figures for America and China were similar/equal at 100 tons in 1999.
雅思图表作文题目审题step 4：描述变化趋势
对于变化趋势的描述是数据类图表核心描述之一，尤其是对于动态变化类的图表。描述变化趋势的基本要求是准确性与多样性。
首选是词汇层次。除了要准确的使用词汇来描述上升与下降之外，变化的幅度(degree)也要描述准确。
其次是描述变化趋势的句式。
雅思图表作文题目审题step 5：点睛总结
综述是数据类写作的点睛之笔，是考官在判断一篇文章能否拿到7分的重要衡量标准。在数据分析中，如果能够对于变化趋势以及对比清晰地综述(presents a clear overview of main trends, differences or stages)，就有机会在评分标准Task achievement任务回应方面拿到7分。
综述的内容为对于数据信息进行概括，把最主要的变化趋势或数据对比总结为一句或两句话，所以不同类型的题目侧重点不同，要具体问题具体分析。
补充一些在雅思图表作文写作中考生比较容易犯错的表达：
had a decrease/ increase：没有这样的表达，一般是saw a decrease/increase
Increased, decreased, declined 这些上升和下降的词都没有被动语态
当the number, the amount, the figure， the proportion做句子的主语的时候，不能用account for
The amount不能替换the number
remained 后面只能加形容词，也就是“remain constantly”是错的，只有“remain constant”
在动态图里，一般是rose “数字”-fold，譬如说是”rose fivefold”而不是“rose five times”
Doubled(增长一倍)不及物动词，没有被动
“millions” 或者“thousands”在句子中出现时不能加复数，只有“数字+million or thousand”的说法
动态图过分注重数据和小的波动，而忽视趋势。趋势是一个区间内最主要的一个变化
静态图过分侧重读数据，没有将数据归类和归纳(具备类似特征的数据要放在一起)
图表作文最好不要出现in addition, moreover这些连接词
Followed by后面要写名词，而且这个名词要和主句的主语性质差不多
Reach 读数据的时候不能加to或者at, 直接加数据就可以
Ratio和rate一般不能替代proportion和percentage
Picture 不能替换graph 或者chart
不要用定语从句读数据，譬如说 the crime rate in the US was highest, which was 0.3%. 这里的which was 直接省略。
说人年龄的时候应该是aged，譬如说people aged from 15 to 24
一般不会用过去进行时态，也就是was increasing/decreasing 是错的
While, whereas一定要连接两个独立的句子，不能够单独存在
副词slightly不能修饰名词，应该是slight increase, drop
小作文一般用不到minimum这个词，minimal的意思不是“最小的”，而是“基本上可以忽略不计的”
尽量不要用套句，如果用，要注意不要写错，it is worth noting that, it should be noted that
图表作文一般用不到on the contrary, 用in contrast, by contrast即可
表示波动可以说fluctuated，不要写saw a fluctuation
Reduce和raise这两个词小作文用不到，因为是及物动词;arise也不能替代
rise;“ascent/descent”不能用在小作文里。
结尾段不能写数据
小作文指南丨雅思图表作文范文汇总
雅思图表作文之：线性图
雅思图表作文主题：企业垃圾
The graph below shows the amounts of waste produced by three companies over a period of 15 years.
(本图来自于剑雅真题)
雅思图表作文范文
The line graph compares three companies in terms of their waste output between the years 2000 and 2015.
这条线图对三家公司的废物产出从2000年到2015年进行了比较。
It is clear that there were significant changes in the amounts of waste produced by all three companies shown on the graph. While companies A and B saw waste output fall over the 15-year period, the amount of waste produced by company C increased considerably.
很明显，图表上显示的这三家公司生产的垃圾量发生了重大变化。虽然A公司和B公司在15年的时间里看到了废物的产量下降，但C公司生产的废物量却大幅增加。
In 2000, company A produced 12 tonnes of waste, while companies B and C produced around 8 tonnes and 4 tonnes of waste material respectively. Over the following 5 years, the waste output of companies B and C rose by around 2 tonnes, but the figure for company A fell by approximately 1 tonne.
2000年，A公司生产了12吨废物，而B公司和C公司分别生产了大约8吨和4吨废料。在接下来的5年里，公司B和C的废料产量增加了大约2吨，但是公司A的产量下降了大约1吨。
From 2005 to 2015, company A cut waste production by roughly 3 tonnes, and company B reduced its waste by around 7 tonnes. By contrast, company C saw an increase in waste production of approximately 4 tonnes over the same 10-year period. By 2015, company C’s waste output had risen to 10 tonnes, while the respective amounts of waste from companies A and B had dropped to 8 tonnes and only 3 tonnes.(192 words, band 9)
从2005年到2015年，公司将废物产量减少了大约3吨，公司B减少了大约7吨的垃圾。相比之下，C公司在同样的10年时间里，废物产量增加了大约4吨。到2015年，C公司的废物产量已升至10吨，而A和B公司的垃圾量已降至8吨，仅为3吨。
雅思图表作文之饼图
雅思图表作文主题：游客分析
The chart below shows the results of a survey of people who visited four types of tourist attraction in Britain in the year 1999.
(本图来自于剑雅真题)
雅思图表作文范文
The pie chart compares figures for visitors to four categories of tourist attraction and to five different theme parks in Britain in 1999.
这个饼状图比较了1999年英国的四类旅游景点和5个不同主题公园的游客人数。
It is clear that theme parks and museums / galleries were the two most popular types of tourist attraction in that year. Blackpool Pleasure Beach received by far the highest proportion of visitors in the theme park sector.
很明显，主题公园和博物馆/画廊是那一年最受欢迎的两种旅游景点。在主题公园中，黑潭快乐海滩获得的游客比例是最高的。
Looking at the information in more detail, we can see that 38% of the surveyed visitors went to a theme park, and 37% of them went to a museum or gallery. By contrast, historic houses and monuments were visited by only 16% of the sample, while wildlife parks and zoos were the least popular of the four types of tourist attraction, with only 9% of visitors.
更详细地看这些信息，我们可以看到，38%的受访游客去了一个主题公园，其中37%的人去了博物馆或美术馆。相比之下，只有16%的样本参观了历史建筑和纪念碑，而野生动物公园和动物园则是这四种旅游景点中最不受欢迎的，只有9%的游客。
In the theme park sector, almost half of the people surveyed (47%) had been to Blackpool Pleasure Beach. Alton Towers was the second most popular amusement park, with 17% of the sample, followed by Pleasureland in Southport, with 16%. Finally, Chessington World of Adventures and Legoland Windsor had each welcomed 10% of the surveyed visitors.(181 words, band 9)
在主题公园领域，几乎一半的被调查者(47%)曾经到过布莱克浦的快乐海滩。奥尔顿塔是第二大最受欢迎的游乐园，有17%的样本，其次是在索斯波特的娱乐公园，占16%。最后，查辛顿冒险世界和乐高和温莎的游客都欢迎10%的游客。
雅思图表作文之饼图
雅思图表作文主题：各地房价
The chart below shows information about changes in average house prices in five different cities between 1990 and 2002 compared with the average house prices in 1989.
(本图来自于剑雅真题)
雅思图表作文范文：
The bar chart compares the cost of an average house in five major cities over a period of 13 years from 1989.
柱状图比较了从1989年开始的13年里，五个主要城市的平均房价。
We can see that house prices fell overall between 1990 and 1995, but most of the cities saw rising prices between 1996 and 2002. London experienced by far the greatest changes in house prices over the 13-year period.
我们可以看到，在1990年至1995年期间，房价总体下跌，但大多数城市在1996年至2002年期间房价上涨。在过去的13年里，伦敦经历了房价的最大变化。
Over the 5 years after 1989, the cost of average homes in Tokyo and London dropped by around 7%, while New York house prices went down by 5%. By contrast, prices rose by approximately 2% in both Madrid and Frankfurt.
在1989年之后的5年里，东京和伦敦的平均房价下跌了7%，而纽约房价下跌了5个百分点。相比之下，马德里和法兰克福的房价都上涨了大约2个百分点。
Between 1996 and 2002, London house prices jumped to around 12% above the 1989 average. Homebuyers in New York also had to pay significantly more, with prices rising to 5% above the 1989 average, but homes in Tokyo remained cheaper than they were in 1989. The cost of an average home in Madrid rose by a further 2%, while prices in Frankfurt remained stable.(165 words)
从1996年到2002年，伦敦房价跳涨到比1989年平均水平高出12个百分点。纽约的购房者也不得不支付更高的价格，房价比1989年的平均水平高出5%，但东京的房价仍然低于1989年的水平。在马德里，平均房价上涨了2%，而法兰克福的房价则保持稳定。
雅思图表作文之表格
雅思图表作文主题：骑车上班
The table below shows changes in the numbers of residents cycling to work in different areas of the UK between 2001 and 2011.
(本图来自于剑雅真题)
雅思图表作文范文
The table compares the numbers of people who cycled to work in twelve areas of the UK in the years 2001 and 2011.
这张表格比较了2001年和2011年在英国12个地区骑车上班的人的数量。
Overall, the number of UK commuters who travelled to work by bicycle rose considerably over the 10-year period. Inner London had by far the highest number of cycling commuters in both years.
总的来说，在过去的10年里，骑自行车上班的英国上班族的数量大幅增加。在这两年中，伦敦市中心的自行车上班族数量是最多的。
In 2001, well over 43 thousand residents of inner London commuted by bicycle, and this figure rose to more than 106 thousand in 2011, an increase of 144%. By contrast, although outer London had the second highest number of cycling commuters in each year, the percentage change, at only 45%, was the lowest of the twelve areas shown in the table.
2001年，伦敦市中心有超过43万居民骑自行车上下班，2011年这个数字上升到超过106万，增长了144%。相比之下，尽管伦敦的自行车上班族每年的出行次数是第二高的，但这个百分比的变化，只有45%，是表中所显示的12个区域中最低的。
Brighton and Hove saw the second biggest increase (109%) in the number of residents cycling to work, but Bristol was the UK’s second city in terms of total numbers of cycling commuters, with 8,108 in 2001 and 15,768 in 2011. Figures for the other eight areas were below the 10 thousand mark in both years.(172 words, band 9)
布莱顿和霍夫在骑车上班的人数中排名第二(109%)，但在自行车上班族的总数中，布里斯托尔是英国的第二大城市，2001年为8108人，2011年为15768人。其他8个地区的数据在这两年内都低于10万。
雅思图表作文之混合图
雅思图表作文主题：水消耗
The graph and table below give information about water use worldwide and water consumption in two different countries.
(本图来自于剑雅真题)
雅思图表作文范文：
The charts compare the amount of water used for agriculture, industry and homes around the world, and water use in Brazil and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
这些图表比较了世界各地的农业、工业和家庭用水的数量，以及巴西和刚果民主共和国的用水情况。
It is clear that global water needs rose significantly between 1900 and 2000, and that agriculture accounted for the largest proportion of water used. We can also see that water consumption was considerably higher in Brazil than in the Congo.
显然，在1900年至2000年期间，全球的水需求显著增加，农业用水占用水的比例最大。我们还可以看到，巴西的用水量比刚果要高得多。
In 1900, around 500km³ of water was used by the agriculture sector worldwide. The figures for industrial and domestic water consumption stood at around one fifth of that amount. By 2000, global water use for agriculture had increased to around 3000km³, industrial water use had risen to just under half that amount, and domestic consumption had reached approximately 500km³.
1900年，全世界的农业部门使用了大约500公里的水。工业和家庭用水的数字大约是这一数字的五分之一。到2000年，全球用于农业的用水量增加到约3000公里，工业用水已增加到不足一半，国内消费已达到约500公里。
In the year 2000, the populations of Brazil and the Congo were 176 million and 5.2 million respectively. Water consumption per person in Brazil, at 359m³, was much higher than that in the Congo, at only 8m³, and this could be explained by the fact that Brazil had 265 times more irrigated land.(184 words, band 9)
在2000年，巴西和刚果的人口分别为1.76亿和520万。巴西人均用水量为3.59亿，比刚果的人均用水量要高得多，仅为800万，这可以解释为巴西的灌溉面积是265倍。
详解雅思写作Task1常出现的两大问题相关文章：
详解雅思写作Task1常出现的两大问题
