托福阅读熟词僻义内容

若水1147由分享时间：2020-10-10 08:53:19

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在托福考试中，托福阅读的文章中，经常也会出现一些熟词，但是意思与我们往常知道的并不相同，不理解其中的意思很有可能带来托福考阅读中的理解错误，下面小编就和大家分享托福阅读熟词僻义内容汇总，来欣赏一下吧。

托福阅读熟词僻义内容汇总

1.exercise

【常用释义】

v.锻炼;练习

【生僻释义】

v. 实施，运用

托福例句：They exercised an influence far in excess of their numbers.(官方真题Official46-2 The Commercial Revolution in Medieval Europe)

解析：exercise 常用的含义为名词或动词的“锻炼”。而在托福阅读中，经常会考察到“实施，使用”的意思，常用搭配是to exercise considerable or a great deal of influence over sb./sth.对某人/某事物产生很大影响，或者to exercise care in doing [something]小心做某事。本句理解为，他们发挥的影响远远超过他们的人口数量。

2.consume

【常用释义】

v. 用尽, 消耗, 花费(某事物)

【生僻释义】

v. 烧毁;毁灭

托福例句：The explosion is also calculated to have produced vast quantities of nitric acid and melted rock that sprayed out over much of Earth, starting widespread fires that must have consumed most terrestrial forests and grassland. (OG10 Meteorite Impact and Dinosaur Extinction)

解析：consume大家比较熟悉的意思是“消耗;用尽”的含义，同义词是destroy。而在托福中，也会考察到consume作“烧毁, 毁灭”的含义。另外，本句需要注意有多个定语从句修饰和现在分词修饰。本句释义：据估计，爆炸过程还产生了大量的硝酸和被溶解的岩浆并喷出地球外，造成了大面积火灾，大部分的森林和草原被燃尽。

3.impact

【常用释义】

n.&v. 影响

【生僻释义】

n. 撞击

托福例句：There is increasing evidence that the impacts of meteorites have had important effects on Earth, particularly in the field of biological evolution.(OG10 Meteorite Impact and Dinosaur Extinction)

解析：impact常见意思为“影响”，可用动词和名词，经常和“on”一起搭配使用，常用短语“have an impact on sth”或者直接当动词使用“impact on sth”。而在天文学的篇章中impact常见的意思为“撞击”，例句中的impact就是“撞击”的意思。整句话的翻译为：“有越来越多的证据表明陨石的撞击对地球有着重要的影响，特别是在生物进化领域。”

4.picture

【常用释义】

n.图画;照片

【生僻释义】

1.v.描绘

托福例句：Because some paintings were made directly over others, obliterating them, it is probable that a painting’s value ended with the migration it pictured.(OG Lascaux Cave Paintings)

解析：picture做“描绘”解，类似于describe，常用词组为be pictured as：“被描绘为…”。这个含义大家应该能想象到。在本句话中需要注意代词的指代对象，them是指“other paintings”，倒数第二个it是指“a painting”。此外it pictured 为修饰migration的定语从句。整句话的意思，因为有些画直接画在另一些画上面，把原有画面擦掉了，所以有可能这幅画的价值随着它所描绘迁徙过程的结束而结束了。

2.n.情形，情况

托福例句：By contrast, any explanation that focuses strictly on the dinosaurs completely misses the point. The Cretaceous extinctions were a global phenomenon, and dinosaurs were just a part of a bigger picture. (官方真题Official42-2 Explaining Dinosaur Extinction)

解析：picture作为名词解，除了图片的意思外还有“情形/情况”的意思，常见的词组有“to be in the picture- 了解情况，to put/keep sb. in the picture-让某人了解情况，to see the bigger picture-关注大局”。这一意思在托福中也多次考察。本句的翻译为：相反，任何只关注于恐龙的解释都完全偏离了正确方向。白垩纪的灭绝是一个全球性的现象，而恐龙只是整体情况的一部分。”

5.grain

【常用释义】

n. 谷物

【生僻释义】

1. n. 颗粒物

托福例句: The commonest spaces are those among the particles—sand grains and tiny pebbles—of loose, unconsolidated sand and gravel.(官方真题Official 1-3 Groundwater)

解析：在这里grain用了颗粒物的含义。整个句子意为，最常见的空间是在松散、未固化的砂砾的颗粒物之间—如沙子颗粒和小鹅卵石。这里的grain和particle的含义类似。

2. n. 纹理

托福例句：Most of the organic matter is buried in clay that is slowly converted to a fine-grained sedimentary rock known as shale.

解析：grain除了“谷物”和“颗粒”的含义外，在托福中还会考察到“纹理”的意思，而最常见的短语结构就是本句中的“fine-grained”，意为“纹理精细的”。这个短语在地质学的文章中出现的频率非常高。整句意为，大部分的有机物质会被掩埋在黏土中，而黏土会慢慢地转变成纹理精细的沉积岩，被称为页岩。

托福阅读背景素材之恋爱能让人更聪明吗

1. Marry someone similar to you, if a bit smarter

找一个和你一样聪明、甚至更聪明的人结婚

A Seattle Longitudinal Study found that the moststable relationships were those in which people weresimilar in intelligence, flexibility of attitudes, social responsibility, and education levels. Researchers also found that after 14 years together, spouses with the better grasp of verbal meaningsand word fluency had pulled the lower-functioningspouses up to their level.

一项西雅图纵向研究发现，那些在智力、态度灵活性、社会责任感以及教育水平方面相似的夫妻，关系最稳定。研究人员还发现，共同生活14年后，夫妻双方中对语义和语言流畅性掌握得更好的一方，会将另一方的能力也提升到和自己相同的水平。

2. Hold hands whenever possible

只要可能，牵住爱人的手

In addition to creating feelings of warmth and closeness, holding hands can help inoculateyou from stress. One study using brain scans found that when married women were told theywere about to receive an electric shock, just holding their husbands' hands minimized theirbrains' response to the threat. Women in the closest relationships experienced the greatestdecrease in stress-related brain activity.

手牵手不仅可以让人产生温暖和亲近的感觉，还可以帮助你减轻压力。一项研究通过脑部扫描发现，当妻子得知她们要接受一次电击，握住丈夫的手会让她们的大脑对于这次威胁的反应减到最小。而妻子和丈夫的关系越亲密，她们的大脑对压力产生的反应也就越小。

3. Kiss at least once a day

每天至少接吻一次

This intimate touch triggers the release of the bonding hormone oxytocin and lowerslevels of the stress hormone cortisol - but that's not all. Researchers say that when we kiss, we activate nearly half of the cranial nerves that affect cerebral function. All of the sensoryinformation of a kiss - the smell and warmth of your partner's skin, the taste and feel of soft lips - shoots into your brain, delighting your neurons and forging new connections.

这种亲密接触会促进脑下垂体后叶荷尔蒙的分泌，而且会降低压力激素皮质醇的水平。不仅如此，研究人员称当人们接吻时，我们会调动将近一半可以影响大脑功能的脑神经。所有关于接吻的感官信息——你伴侣身上的味道和温度、柔软双唇的触觉和感觉——会全部发送到你的大脑中，这会让你的神经元兴奋，并产生新的联系。

4. Put pictures of your honey on your desk

把爱人的照片摆在桌上

Brain scans show that looking at a photo of your beloved, especially in the early stages ofyour relationship, activates a part of the brain associated with pleasure and reward as well asfocused attention and motivation. When you're in the throes of new love, your prefrontal cortexalso gets into the action, anticipating more time together and planning future events.

脑部扫描表明，注视爱人的照片会激活大脑中和愉悦相关的某个部分，从而有助于注意力集中、更有积极性。对于恋爱初期的人来说更是如此。当你陷入爱情的苦恼时，你的前额皮质也会活跃，你会期望更多的相处时间并对未来做出计划。

5. Just be together

和爱人在一起

One study found that average blood pressure was lower when a person spent time with hisor her spouse than when they spent time alone or with other people. Even if you don't talk, just spend time in the same room, reading, watching TV, surfing the web, or doing crosswordpuzzles.

一项研究发现，当人们和伴侣在一起时，他们血压的平均值会比自己独处或和其他人相处时要低。哪怕你和爱人并不交谈，只是坐在同一间房里，看书、看电视、上网，或者做填字游戏。

托福阅读真题原题+题目

Matching the influx of foreign immigrants into the larger cities of the United States during the late nineteenth century was a domestic migration, from town and farm to city, within the United States. The country had been overwhelmingly rural at the beginning of the century, with less than 5 percent of Americans living in large towns or cities. The proportion of urban population began to grow remarkably after 1840, increasing from 11 percent that year to 28 percent by 1880 and to 46 percent by 1900. A country with only 6 cities boasting a population of more than 8,000 in 1800 had become one with 545 such cities in 1900. Of these, 26 had a population of more than 100,000 including 3 that held more than a million people. Much of the migration producing an urban society came from smaller towns within the United States, but the combination of new immigrants and old American settlers on America's urban frontier in the late nineteenth century proved extraordinary.

The growth of cities and the process of industrialization fed on each other. The agricultural revolution stimulated many in the countryside to seek a new life in the city and made it possible for fewer farmers to feed the large concentrations of people needed to provide a workforce for growing numbers of factories. Cities also provided ready and convenient markets for the products of industry, and huge contracts in transportation and construction — as well as the expanded market in consumer goods — allowed continued growth of the urban sector of the overall economy of the Untied States.

Technological developments further stimulated the process of urbanization. One example is the Bessemer converter (an industrial process for manufacturing steel), which provided steel girders for the construction of skyscrapers. The refining of crude oil into kerosene, and later the development of electric lighting as well as of the telephone, brought additional comforts to urban areas that were unavailable to rural Americans and helped attract many of them from the farms into the cities. In every era the lure of the city included a major psychological element for country people: the bustle and social interaction of urban life seemed particularly intriguing to those raised in rural isolation.

1. What aspects of the United States in the nineteenth century does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Technological developments

(B) The impact of foreign immigrants on cities

(D) The relationship between industrialization and urbanization

2. The word influx in line 1 is closest in meaning to

(A) working

(B) processing

(D) attraction

3. The paragraph preceding the passage most probably discuss

(A) foreign immigration

(B) rural life

(D) famous cities of the twentieth century