托福阅读句子简化题怎么做

托福阅读句子简化题怎么做

托福阅读句子简化题怎么做?实用解题思路分享，今天小编给大家带来了托福阅读句子简化题怎么做,希望可以帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

托福阅读句子简化题怎么做?实用解题思路分享

托福阅读句子简化题解题思路分析

句子简化题其实是货真价实的Paraphrase，一般就是给出长难句，让选择跟原文意思最为相近的选项。

这种题需要一定的把握长难句的能力，也需要一定的语法基础。如果考过GMAT的，做惯了Sentence Correction的同学应该觉得不太难。这种题还需要多练习，小编也从技巧的角度来作出一些解释。

按照托福官方指南OG的解释是，错误选项通常犯了如下两个错误：一是与原文意思相悖，二是漏掉了原文重要的内容。要解决这个问题，首先应该把句子的主要成分，即主谓宾按照小学时候学过的缩句方法提炼出来，明白句子的主要意思，再到选项中去找合适的。选的时候一定要再三斟酌，切忌看了某一个选项就做出决定而不管其它三个。

托福阅读句子简化题实例讲解

用官方指南OG29页例题举例，把原句缩句：Since laws have determined form, forms can vary within certain limits. 其中B选项忽略掉了forms can vary…的意思;C，D选项后半句的意思跟原文相反;分别都犯了上述两种错误之一。所以选A。只要能准确把握原文的意思，难度不大。如果时间足够充足，我建议用GMAT的SC部分来锻炼把握长难句的能力，对阅读也有好处。不过大概需要1到2周的时间，不适合于时间紧张的考生。

托福阅读题最重要的是找到阅读段的主题句，分析出出题者的意图，然后根据文章关键词进行答题。考生在做托福阅读题的时候需要重视开头段，结尾段和过渡段，在这三个地方，一般会包含着托福阅读段的真实题义。

想要在托福阅读中考出理想成绩，除了对题型、解题技巧有深入了解之外，更重要的是平时多看多练，才能在考试中灵活的使用解题技巧。

托福阅读背景之外星人来地球度假

Government officials believe aliens may visit Earth and suggest harnessing UFO technology for UK defences, files say.

Documents from the Ministry of Defence classified archives show staff believed aliens could visit for “military reconnaissance”, “scientific” research or “tourism”.

In a 1995 briefing now published by the National Archives, a desk officer said the purpose of reported alien craft sightings “needs to be established as a matter of priority”, adding there did not appear to be “hostile intent”.

The unnamed official said it was “essential that we start with open minds”, explaining “what is scientific ‘fact’ today may not be true tomorrow”.

Clarifying he did not “talk to little green men every night”, he said: “We have a remit that we have never satisfied. That is, we do not now (sic) if UFOs exist.

“If they do exist, we do not know what they are, their purpose or if they pose a threat to the UK.

“If the sightings are of devices not of the earth then their purpose needs to be established as a matter of priority. There has been no apparent hostile intent and other possibilities are: 1) Military reconnaissance; 2) Scientific; 3) Tourism.”

He added that “if reports are taken at face value” they showed extraterrestrial vehicles had “a very wide range of speeds and are stealthy”.

Thus, he suggested, “we could use this technology, if it exists”.

His briefing document lists possible reasons for UFO sightings, including mass hallucinations, US aircraft, “atmospheric events” and hoaxes, but indicated none provide a fully convincing explanation.

It adds there are “some indications that the reported incidents are only the tip of an iceberg and many people do not wish to risk embarrassment and so do not report sightings”.

He also noted that the number of reports of “strange objects in the skies” increased dramatically after the Second World War, with most sightings coming from “farmers, policemen, doctors and lovers”.

在英政府公布的一批有关UFO的机密文档中，英政府官员称外星人可能造访地球，并提议利用外星人高超的飞行器技术为英国国防服务。

国防部机密档案的文件显示，有官员认为外星人造访地球可能是为了进行军事侦察，科学研究，或者度假观光。

在国家档案馆公布的一份1995年的简报中，一名事务员称应首先确认报告中的外星人乘飞行器到地球的目的，并称他们看起来并无“敌意”。

这位匿名官员还说：“重要的是，我们要有开放的思想，”并解释道“今天的科学‘事实’，到了明天可能并不正确。”

他澄清他从未“夜夜与小绿人谈话。”他说：“有一项工作我们一直没能实现。那就是，我们不知道UFO是否存在。”

“如果他们确实存在，我们也并不知道他们是什么物种，有什么目的，或是否会对英国造成威胁。”

“如果这些目击事件所观测到的装置不是地球上的，那么应首先确认这些外来者的目的。目前并未发现他们有明显的敌意，其他的可能目的有：1)军事侦察;2)科学研究;3)度假观光。”

他还说“若从表面上来看报告的内容”，外星人使用的交通工具速度奇快，而且应该具有隐形功能。

因此，他提议：“如果这种交通工具存在，我们可以利用它的技术。”

他在简报文件中列出了出现UFO目击事件的几种可能，其中包括集体幻觉，可能看到的是美国飞行器，可能是某种大气现象，甚至可能是恶作剧，但都没有做出能够完全令人信服的解释。

报告中还“暗示报告上来的UFO目击事件只是冰山一角，因为怕尴尬等原因，许多人并没有对政府报告自己的‘发现’。”

他还指出，在二战之后，报告“天空中出现奇异物体”的事件出现了迅猛增长，大部分报告者为“农民、警察、医生以及情侣”。

托福阅读背景：茶和咖啡哪个更适合你

Countless arguments have been waged over the superiority of one beverage over the other. But what does the scientific evidence say?

关于这两种饮料孰优孰劣的问题已经引发了无数争论。但是科学证据是怎样的呢?

George Orwell may have written that “tea is one of the mainstays of civilization in this country” – but even we British have to acknowledge that our national drink is facing stiff competition from the espressos, cappuccinos, and lattes invading our shores.

乔治·奥威尔或许写过“茶是这个国家文明的一个支柱”这样的句子——但我们英国人也要承认，随着浓咖啡、卡布奇诺和拿铁侵入国门，我们的全民饮料正面临着激烈的竞争。

Despite the dangers of wading into such a charged argument, BBC Future decided to weigh up the relative merits of each drink. There’s no accounting for taste, of course, but we have combed the scientific literature for their real, measurable effects on our body and mind.

尽管探讨这个敏感话题充满风险，“BBC未来”栏目还是决定对每种饮品的相对优点进行评估。当然，百人百味，但通过精心梳理科学文献，我们找出了它们对人体和大脑真实的、可测量的影响。

The wake-up call

醒脑剂

For many, the caffeine kick is the primary reason we choose either beverage; it’s the oil to our engines when we’re still feeling a bit creaky in the morning. Based purely on its composition, coffee should win hands down: a cup of tea has about half the dose (40 milligrams) of the stimulant caffeine that you would find in a standard cup of brewed filter coffee (80 to 115 milligrams). Yet this doesn’t necessarily reflect the jolt of the wake-up call.

对许多人来说，咖啡因的兴奋作用是我们选择这两种饮料的主要原因;在睡眼惺忪的清晨，咖啡因就像石油一样，给我们身体的引擎以能量。只考虑成分的话，咖啡可以轻松获胜：一杯茶的咖啡因含量(40毫克)大约只有标准杯过滤咖啡(80至115毫克)的一半。然而，这并非反映了它们的醒脑作用。

Dosing subjects with either tea or coffee, one study found that both beverages left subjects feeling similarly alert later in the morning.

通过让被试者饮用一定量的茶或咖啡，一项研究发现，这两种饮料都能让受试者在早晨晚些时候感到同样清醒。

Verdict: Against logic, tea seems to provide just as powerful a wake-up call as coffee. It’s a draw.

结论：虽然逻辑上讲不通，但茶跟咖啡的醒脑作用似乎不相上下。平局。

Sleep quality

睡眠质量

The biggest differences between coffee and tea may emerge once your head hits the pillow.

咖啡和茶之间最大的差异或许将集中体现在睡眠上。

Comparing people drinking the same volume of tea or coffee over a single day, researchers at the University of Surrey in the UK confirmed that although both drinks lend similar benefits to your attention during the day, coffee drinkers tend to find it harder to drop off at night – perhaps because the higher caffeine content finally catches up with you.

通过对比研究每天饮用等量的茶或咖啡的人，英国萨里大学的研究人员证实，尽管两种饮料在白天对注意力集中的作用差不多，但或许是因为咖啡里的咖啡因含量更高，喝咖啡的人晚上更难入睡。

Tea drinkers, in contrast, had longer and more restful slumbers.

相比之下，喝茶的人睡得更久更香。

Verdict: Tea offers many of the benefits of coffee, without the sleepless nights – a clear win.

结论：茶不仅拥有咖啡的许多好处，还不会带来不眠之夜——完胜

Tooth staining

牙齿变黄

Along with red wine, coffee and tea are both known to turn our pearly whites a murky yellow and brown. But which is worse?

众所周知，红酒、咖啡和茶都会把洁白的牙齿慢慢染成暗黄色或棕褐色。但哪个最糟糕?

Most dentists seem to agree that tea’s natural pigments are more likely to adhere to dental enamel than coffee’s – particularly if you use a mouthwash containing the common antiseptic chlorhexidine, which seems to attract and bind to the microscopic particles.

大多数牙医似乎一致认为，茶中的天然色素比咖啡的更易附着于牙釉质之上——尤其当你使用常见的洗必泰漱口水时，其中的消毒洗必泰能吸引并聚合微观粒子。

Verdict: If you want a perfect smile, coffee may be the lesser of two evils.

结论：如果你想展现完美笑容，两害相权取其轻，咖啡也许还好一点。

A balm for troubled souls…

不安灵魂的慰藉……

In England, it’s common to give “tea and sympathy” to a distressed friend – the idea being that a cup of Earl Grey is medicine for troubled minds. In fact, there is some evidence that tea can soothe your nerves: regular tea drinkers do tend to show a calmer physiological response to unsettling situations (such as public speaking), compared to people drinking herbal infusions. Overall, people who drink three cups a day appear to have a 37% lower risk of depression than those who do not drink tea.

英国人喜欢给烦恼苦闷的朋友送去“茶与同情”——这是由于他们认为伯爵茶能够治愈不安的灵魂。事实上，有证据表明，茶可以舒缓神经：与喝中草药的人相比，经常饮茶者在处理一些令人不安的情况(如公开演讲)时确实表现得更为镇静。总的来说，每天喝三杯茶的人比不喝茶的人罹患抑郁症的风险要低37%。

Coffee doesn’t have the same reputation; indeed, some report that it makes them feel like their nerves are jangling. Yet there is some evidence that it too may protect against long-term mental health problems. A recent “meta-analysis” (summarising the results of studies involving more than 300,000 participants) found that each cup of coffee a day seems to reduce your risk of developing depression by around 8%. In contrast, other beverages (such as sweetened soft drinks) only increase your risk of developing mental health problems.

咖啡并没有这种功效;事实上，有些人觉得咖啡会让人有些神经错乱。但是也有证据表明，咖啡能预防长期精神问题。最近的一项“荟萃分析”(总结了超过30万名参与者的研究结果)发现，每天一杯咖啡的人患抑郁症的风险比常人要低大约8%。相比之下，其他饮料(如甜味软饮)只会增加患精神疾病的风险。

Verdict: Based on this limited evidence, it’s a draw.

结论：基于有限的证据，平局。

…and a balm for bodies……

身体的万金油

Similarly tantalising, though preliminary, epidemiological studies have suggested that both coffee and tea offer many other health-giving benefits. A few cups of either beverage a day appears to reduce your risk of diabetes, for instance.

流行病学研究虽然才刚刚起步，但也很吸睛。该领域研究表明，咖啡和茶都对身体还有其它益处。例如，每天喝几杯会降低患糖尿病的风险。

Both drinks also seem to moderately protect the heart, although the evidence seems to be slightly stronger for coffee, while tea also appears to be slightly protective against developing a range of cancers – perhaps because of its antioxidants.

饮用这两种饮料能对心脏起到一定的保护作用，尽管证据显示似乎咖啡的功效更强，但许是因为茶中的抗氧化剂，茶对预防癌症也有些许功效。

Verdict: Another draw – both drinks are a surprising, health-giving elixir.

结论：还是平局——这两种饮料都是神奇的、有益健康的灵丹妙药。

Overall verdict: Much as we Brits would have liked tea to come out the clear victor, we have to admit there is little between the two drinks besides personal taste. Based solely on the fact that it allows you to get a better night’s sleep, we declare tea the winner.

总结：大部分英国人都会觉得茶很明显更胜一筹。但除了个人口味，必须承认的是两者的差异并不大。仅仅基于能让人好眠这一点，茶无疑是赢家。

Vocabulary

pigment: 色素

dental enamel: 牙釉质

antioxidant: 抗氧化剂

elixir: 万能药