托福阅读出题特点及练习方法
托福阅读出题特点及练习方法
托福阅读备考过程中很多同学都是闷着头直接开始刷题，今天小编给大家带来了托福阅读备考过程中很多同学都是闷着头直接开始刷题，希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
托福阅读内容解析：阅读出题特点及练习方法
一.托福阅读内容特点
1.新托福阅读考试的整体特点
题目大多为客观题，基本都可以在文章中找到答案的对应点。
新托福阅读的出题顺序和文章对应内容的顺序基本是一致的。
2.托福阅读具体套路
托福阅读文章中出现否定/转折句、因果句、举例句等逻辑关系比较明显的句子常考推断题或者插入文本题。
文章中出现含比较级和比喻的句子往往会考推断题。
文章中出现绝对性较大的词如must, all, only, never, always等;最高级词汇如highest, mostimportant等;同位语、插入语、举例句等，这些往往是出题的要点，一般考查细节性题目。
文章中出现并列、列举的信息，这些信息一般考细节性题目，尤其是否定排除题。该题型在题目的4个选项中有3个选项符合原文内容，只有一个选项不符合原文内容或者原文没有提到，题目便要求选出这个选项。这种题型只适合于考并列、列举信息。因此，考生们在答题过程中如果看到并列、列举信息就应该预想可能考否定排除题，或者遇到否定排除题时，在文章中定位信息时就应该注意找并列、列举信息。
文章每段的首尾句是特别重要的地方，因为英语中作者往往喜欢在段落的首尾句表达中心思想，或者进行总结综述。因此这些地方往往容易出主体性问题，如摘要题，细节性问题或者结构性问题。
二.托福阅读训练方法
1.如何做精读训练
词汇方面，扩大词汇量(8000个左右)，不仅要知道单词的汉语意思，还要掌握它的英语解释及其用法，尤其是单词在文章中的用法，有无特殊意义;熟练掌握猜测单词意思的技巧。
从语法和句型入手，提高长句短读的能力，对各种语法现象在思想表达方面的作用和相应的结构形式要熟悉。
从文章结构逻辑入手，理清作者思想发展的脉络，提炼各个段落的主题，清楚各个段落之间的关系，理解作者运用的事例和所阐述的问题观点之间的联系。
2.如何做泛读训练
选材要广泛，天文、地理、文化、历史、教育、艺术等内容都会在新托福阅读考题中涉及。推荐考生们多阅读《国家地理杂志》和《DISCOVERY》。
提高阅读速度，新托福阅读要求在20分钟内读完一篇650-750个单词的文章，因此考生的阅读速度必须提高。在阅读过程中，考生要按照意群去阅读，整篇文章一气呵成。
托福阅读真题原题+题目
Pheromones are substances that serve as chemical signals between members of the same species. They are secreted to the outside of the body and cause other individuals of the species to have specific reactions. Pheromones, which are sometimes called social hormones, affect a group of individuals somewhat like hormones do an individual animal. Pheromones are the predominant medium of communication among insects (but rarely the sole method). Some species have simple pheromone systems and produce only a few pheromones, but others produce many with various functions. Pheromone systems are the most complex in some of the so-called social insects, insects that live in organized groups.
Chemical communication differs from that by sight or sound in several ways. Transmission is relatively slow (the chemical signals are usually airborne), but the signal can be persistent, depending upon the volatility of the chemical, and is sometimes effective over a very long range. Localization of the signal is generally poorer than localization of a sound or visual stimulus and is usually effected by the animal's moving upwind in response to the stimulus. The ability to modulate a chemical signal is limited, compared with communication by visual or acoustic means, but some pheromones may convey different meanings and consequently result in different behavioral or physiological responses, depending on their concentration or when presented in combination. The modulation of chemical signals occurs via the elaboration of the number of exocrine glands that produce pheromones. Some species, such as ants, seem to be very articulate creatures, but their medium of communication is difficult for humans to study and appreciate because of our own olfactory, insensitivity and the technological difficulties in detecting and analyzing these pheromones. Pheromones play numerous roles in the activities of insects. They may act as alarm substances, play a role in individual and group recognition, serve as attractants between sexes, mediate the formation of aggregations, identify foraging trails, and be involved in caste determination. For example, pheromones involved in caste determination include the queen substance produced by queen honey bees. Aphids, which are particularly vulnerable to predators because of their gregarious habits and sedentary nature, secrete an alarm pheromone when attacked that causes nearby aphids to respond by moving away.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) How insects use pheromones to communicate
(B) How pheromones are produced by insects
(C) Why analyzing insect pheromones is difficult
(D) The different uses of pheromones among various insect species
2. The word serve in line 1 is closest in meaning to
(A) improve
(B) function
(C) begin
(D) rely
3. The purpose of the second mention of hormones in line 4 is to point out
(A) chemical signals that are common among insects
(B) specific responses of various species to chemical signals
(C) similarities between two chemical substances
(D) how insects produce different chemical substances
4. The word sole in line 6 is closest in meaning to
(A) obvious
(B) best
(C) only
(D) final
5. The passage suggests that the speed at which communication through pheromones occurs is
dependent on how quickly they
(A) lose their effectiveness
(B) evaporate in the air
(C) travel through the air
(D) are produced by the body
6. According to the passage , the meaning of a message communicated through a pheromone
may vary when the
(A) chemical structure of the pheromone is changed
(B) pheromone is excreted while other pheromones are also being excreted
(C) exocrine glands do not produce the pheromone
(D) pheromone is released near certain specific organisms
7. The word detecting in line 23 is closest in meaning to
(A) controlling
(B) storing
(C) questioning
(D) finding
8. According to paragraph 2, which of the following has made the study of pheromones difficult?
(A) Pheromones cannot be easily reproduced in chemical laboratories.
(B) Existing technology cannot fully explore the properties of pheromones.
(C) Pheromones are highly volatile.
(D) Pheromone signals are constantly changing.
9. The word They in line 24 refers to
(A) pheromones
(B) roles
(C) activities
(D) insects
10. The word sedentary in line 29 is closest in meaning to
(A) inactive
(B) inefficient
(C) unchangeable
(D) unbalanced
11. Pheromone systems are relatively complex in insects that
(A) also communicate using sight and sound
(B) live underground
(C) prey on other insects
(D) live in organized groups
PASSAGE 95 ABCCB ADBAAD
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