托福阅读如何看穿陷阱题型

托福阅读如何看穿陷阱题型

托福阅读如何看穿陷阱题型?易错题应对思路实例分析，今天小编给大家带来了托福阅读如何看穿陷阱题型，希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

托福阅读如何看穿陷阱题型?易错题应对思路实例分析

托福阅读偷换概念陷阱题实例讲解

托福阅读想要取得高分，我们一定要警惕其中的陷阱题型，比如偷换概念题。下面我们一起来看一道题：

例题：

Paragraph 5: Even the kind ofstability defined as simple lack of change is not always associated withmaximum diversity. At least in temperate zones, maximum diversity is oftenfound in mid-successional stages, not in the climax community. Once a redwoodforest matures, for example, the kinds of species and the number of individualsgrowing on the forest floor are reduced. In general, diversity, by itself, doesnot ensure stability. Mathematical models of ecosystems likewise suggest thatdiversity does not guarantee ecosystem stability—just the opposite, in fact. Amore complicated system is, in general, more likely than a simple system tobreak down. A fifteen-speed racing bicycle is more likely to break down than achild’s tricycle.

Which of the following can be inferredfrom paragraph 5 about redwood forests?

A. They become less stable as theymature.

B. They support many species when theyreach climax.

C. They are found in temperate zones.

D. They have reduced diversity duringmid-successional stages.

思路解析：

推断题(inference question)和事实信息题、否定信息题一样，以“找关键词+定位”为切入点。本题的关键词是redwood forest, 回到原文定位到第三句：Once a redwoodforest matures, for example, the kinds of species and the number of individualsgrowing on the forest floor are reduced. 这句话的意思是：例如，红杉树林一旦成熟，其中的物种数量以及单个物种的数量都会减少。

看懂了这句话的我们立即迫不及待的去搜索选项，却发现这句话的内容是无法与任何选项匹配的。于是，我们意识到，只阅读这句话的信息量是不够的，我们需要关注推断题定位范围的放大现象。关注到本句中有个关键词：for example, 意味着本句是例子，一定和前句的内容相关。所以我们来看前句： At least intemperate zones, maximum diversity is often found in mid-successional stages,not in the climax community. 至少在温带地区，会经常在演替过程中发现最多物种，而不是在顶极群落中。发现三个选项中关键词climax,temperate, mid-successional stages在原文中都可以找到对应，并且B，D选项都与这句话所叙述内容相反可以很容易排除。

接下来我们来看C选项：They are foundin temperate zones. 有很多同学就卡在这里了，他们认为原文说在温带地区，最多物种是在演替过程中，而不是在顶级群落，说明物种多样性和温带地区相关，没有证据表明redwood forest和温带地区相关，于是很多同学在纠结之后选到了A选项： They become lessstable as they mature. 当它们成熟的时候它们变得更不稳定了。这类同学认为Once a redwood forest matures, forexample, the kinds of species and the number of individuals growing on theforest floor are reduced.红杉树林一旦成熟，其中的物种数量以及单个物种的数量都会减少，然后想当然的认为物种减少就代表稳定性降低，但是我们仔细读第一句：Even the kindof stability defined as simple lack of change is not always associated withmaximum diversity. 即使是这种被定义为简单地缺乏变化的稳定性并非总是与最多样的物种联系起来。简单来说，本句表达的含义是：稳定性和最大多样性是没有关联的，所以不能选A。

实际上这道题是典型的主题+例证类推理题，例子是来说明主题的，所以例子的特征应该是与主题中所描述的特征一致的，即redwoodforests are found in temperate zones.

所以，同学们一定要警惕片面的追求选项和原文间信息的匹配，忽略了“选项首先对问题负责”这一基本的答题态度，最终导致学生根本无法识别ETS命题组精心编织的偷换概念类的选项特征。

托福阅读长难句：生物灭绝时间

Scientists felt that they could get an idea of how long the extinctions took by determining how long it took to deposit this one centimeter of clay and they thought they could determine the time it took to deposit the clay by determining the amount of the element iridium (Ir) it contained. (TPO8, 52)

extinction /ɪk'stɪŋkʃən/ n. 灭绝，绝种;熄灭

deposit /dɪ'pɑzɪt/ v. 将(钱)存入银行; 付(定金);放下某物;使(淤泥等)沉积

clay /klei/ n. 粘土

我是分界线，大家先自己分析哦。

Scientists felt that they could get an idea (of how long the extinctions took) (by determining)(how long it took to deposit this one centimeter of clay) and they thought they could determine the time (it took to deposit the clay)(by determining the amount of the element iridium (Ir) ) (it contained. ) (TPO8, 52)

分析：

修饰一：(of how long the extinctions took)，介词短语

中文：灭绝所用的时间

修饰二：(by determining) ，介词短语

中文：通过确定

修饰三：(how long it took to deposit this one centimeter of clay) ，从句

中文：这层一厘米黏土层的沉积时间

修饰四：(it took to deposit the clay) ，从句，修饰time

中文：这层黏土层的沉积时间

修饰五：(by determining the amount of the element iridium (Ir) ) ，介词短语

中文：通过确定黏土层包含铱的含量

修饰六：(it contained. ) ，从句，修饰iridium

中文：它(黏土层)所包含的

参考翻译：

科学家感觉他们可以通过确定这层一厘米黏土层的沉积时间就可以知道灭绝所用的时间，而他们认为可以通过确定黏土层包含铱的含量能确定它(黏土层)所沉积的时间。(有点绕)

这个句子的主要修饰成分就是从句和介词短语，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。

托福阅读长难句：岛的形成

同学们，第十九句来了。

世界本没有长难句，修饰成分多了，便有了长难句。——老邪

阅读速度大部分来于短时间内理解长难句的能力。

大家在看长难句的时候，多思考，一个句子为什么这么长，常见的修饰成分到底有哪些?其实不多，连词、非谓语动词、介词以及同位语或插入语，上过课的同学懂得。

大家别急，把一句一句弄明白，弄懂一个句子胜过模糊看懂十个句子。希望大家认真看我的分析。

今天我们来看这样一个句子：

The onrushing water arising from these flash floods likely also formed the odd teardrop-shaped “islands” (resembling the miniature versions seen in the wetsand of our beaches at low tide) that have been found on the plains close to the ends of the outflow channels.(TPO8, 45)

onrushing adj. 汹涌的，猛冲的

miniature /'mɪnətʃɚ/ adj. 小型的，微型的

outflow n. 流出，外流

我是分界线，大家先自己分析哦。

The onrushing water (arising from these flash floods) likely also formed the odd teardrop-shaped “islands” ((resembling the miniature versions) (seen in the wet sand of our beaches at low tide)) ( that have been found on the plains) ( close to the ends of the outflow channels).(TPO8, 45)

老邪分析：

修饰一：(arising from these flash floods)，非谓语动词，修饰water

中文：由这些突如其来的洪水产生

修饰二：(resembling the miniature versions) ，非谓语动词，修饰islands

中文：类似于微型版本

修饰三：(seen in the wet sand of our beaches at low tide) ，非谓语动词，修饰the miniature versions

中文：在低潮时沙滩上湿沙地被看到

修饰四：( that have been found on the plains)，从句，修饰islands

中文：已经在平原上被发现

修饰五：( close to the ends of the outflow channels)，形容词短语，修饰plains

中文：接近出流通道末尾处

参考翻译：

由这些突如其来的洪水产生的汹涌流水也可能形成奇怪的泪滴状“岛”(类似于在低潮时沙滩上湿沙地看到的微型版本)，这些“岛”已经在接近出流通道末尾处的平原上被发现。

这个句子的主要修饰成分就是从句和介词短语，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。